RESUMO
ABSTRACT Ménétrier's disease (MD) is included in the group of hypertrophic gastropathy; is a rare gastric hyperplasia that affects adults and children, with different behavior between these groups. We know that its etiology is related to allergens and co-infections. It's characterized by the hypertrophy of the gastric folds, with the appearance of cerebral convolutions on Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (UGE) and, histologically, by the mucosal hypertrophy at the expense of foveolar hyperplasia and atrophy of the glands in body and fundus of the stomach. The UGE together with the gastric tissue biopsy confirms the diagnosis. What concerns us in the following case, however, is patient's long-lasting evolution, about eight years.
RESUMO Inclui-se a doença de Ménétrier (DM) no grupo das gastropatias hipertóficas, sendo uma hiperplasia gástrica rara que acomete adultos e crianças, com comportamento distinto entre esses grupos. Sabemos que sua etiologia relaciona-se com alérgenos e coinfecções. Caracteriza-se pela hipertrofia das pregas gástricas, com aspecto de circunvoluções cerebrais à endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) e, histologicamente, pelo alargamento da mucosa às custas de hiperplasia foveolar e hipotrofia das glândulas em corpo e fundo gástrico. A EDA, junto à biópsia gástrica, confirma o diagnóstico. O que nos intriga no caso a seguir é o tempo evolução arrastado da paciente, cerca de oito anos.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Bleeding of esophageal varices is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children with portal hypertension. It is important to understand the factors related with a bleeding episode to evaluate more effective primary prophylaxis. The present study aims to describe the endoscopic and laboratory findings associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) secondary to esophageal varices. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 103 children and adolescents with cirrhosis, divided into a group that had experienced an episode of upper UGIB (35 patients) and a group without a history of UGIB (68 patients), was carried out. The esophageal and gastric varices were classified, and the portal hypertensive gastropathy, laboratory findings, and Child-Pugh classification were measured. RESULTS: Factors observed in univariate analysis to be associated with UGIB were the presence of esophageal varices of medium caliber or larger, portal hypertensive gastropathy, presence of red spots on esophageal varices, Child-Pugh class B or C, and hypoalbuminemia (Pâ<â0.05). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the significant factors were the presence of red spots on esophageal varices and the presence of gastric varices. When separated the autoimmune hepatitis, nonbiliary atresia patients (all patients except the patients with biliary atresia), and biliary atresia groups the findings in the univariate analysis were the presence of esophageal varices of medium or larger caliber, presence of red spots on varices, and presence of gastric varices in the autoimmune hepatitis patients and nonbiliary atresia patients and presence of red spots on esophageal varices, presence of gastric varices, and Child-Pugh classification B or C in biliary atresia group (Pâ<â0.05). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, no statistical significance was found for any factor analyzed in any groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of gastric varices and red spots on esophageal varices were related to episodes of UGIB secondary to rupture of esophageal varices. When these findings are observed, indications for endoscopic primary prophylaxis should be evaluated. More studies are, however, necessary to better understand this problem.