Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Retrospective Study of Mammary Lesions in Bitches - Uberlândia, MG, Brazil

Background: Mammary tumors are a type of neoplasia that are most commonly found in female dogs and are mostly malignant. The aim of this study, performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Uberlândia (LVP-FUU) from 2004 to 2014, was to determine the prevalence of mammary tumors in bitches and to verify the relationship between the epidemiological factors (age and breed) and clinicopathological aspects (ulceration, tumor size, and malignancy) in the occurrence of tumors.Materials, Methods & Results: A retrospective study was carried out using histopathological information retrieved from the LPV-UFU database. We collected the information on age and breed of female dogs, as well as about the location, macroscopic aspects, and histological diagnosis of mammary lesions. Only female dogs were considered for this study; a total of 911 histopathological protocols (with only one diagnosis) were analyzed along with 36 protocols that presented more than one diagnosis of mammary tumor. The age of animals ranged from one to 20 years, and the mean age was 9.99 years. The most affected breeds of dogs were: Cross breed (39.56% - 288/728) and Poodle (20.19% - 147/728). The inguinal glands were most affected by the malignant tumors (P 0.05). A prevalence of tumors bigger than 5 cm in diameter (T3) was observed in the elderly animals (P = 0.0154) and i

Conservation and viability of refrigerated platelet-rich plasma from New Zealand rabbits / Conservação e viabilidade de plasma rico em plaquetas refrigerado de coelhos Nova Zelândia

Fifteen male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, with the aim of storing their platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for 30 days at 4-6 C to investigate its conservation and viability during this period. Thirty samples of PRP were prepared and sorted into three equal groups (G1, G2, and G3), and every three days a sample was taken out for evaluationof the number of platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), pH of the plasma, aggregation post addition of calcium thromboplastin, and for the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination. Results suggested that, for the number of platelets, there was no linear relationship over time. However, when comparing the number of platelets pre-storage to that post-storage, a statistical difference was observed. The hemogram MPV variables, pre and post-storage, also did not relate with time however, there was a statistical difference between the MPV of hemogram and MPV pre-storage, and between MPV pre-storage and MPV post-storage. From the pH evaluation, no influence of time on the variables was found, but statistical differences were found in the samples after storage between 30 and 6 days, 30 and 24 days, and 30 and 27 days. Platelet aggregation occurred within twenty seconds in all samples, independent of storage time. There was no growth of bacteria or yeast in any sample; however, mold growth occurred in the samples stored for 21 days from

Quinze coelhos machos da raça Nova Zelândia foram utilizados neste experimento, com a finalidade de armazenar o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) durante 30 dias a 4-6C para investigar a sua conservação e viabilidade durante este período. Trinta amostras de PRP foram preparadas e divididos em três grupos iguais (G1, G2 e G3), e de três em três dias foi retirada uma amostra para avaliação do número de plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), pH do plasma, agregação após adição de tromboplastina cálcica, e para a presença de contaminação bacteriana e fúngica. Os resultados sugerem que, para o número de plaquetas, não houve uma relação linear com o tempo. No entanto, quando se compara o número de plaquetas pré-armazenamento com o pós-armazenamento, foi observada diferença estatística. As variáveis VPM no hemograma, pré e pós-armazenamento, também não se relacionou com o tempo, porém, houve diferença estatística entre o VPM do hemograma e pré-armazenamento, e entre VPM pré-armazenamento e pós-armazenamento. A partir da avaliação do pH, não houve influência do tempo sobre as variáveis, porém foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nas amostras após o armazenamento entre 30 e 6, 30 e 24, e 30 e 27 dias. A agregação de plaquetas ocorreu no prazo de vinte segundos, em todas as amostras, independente do tempo de armazenamento. Não houve crescimento de bactérias ou fungos em qualquer a

Conservation and viability of refrigerated platelet-rich plasma from New Zealand rabbits / Conservação e viabilidade de plasma rico em plaquetas refrigerado de coelhos Nova Zelândia

Fifteen male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, with the aim of storing their platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for 30 days at 4-6 C to investigate its conservation and viability during this period. Thirty samples of PRP were prepared and sorted into three equal groups (G1, G2, and G3), and every three days a sample was taken out for evaluationof the number of platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), pH of the plasma, aggregation post addition of calcium thromboplastin, and for the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination. Results suggested that, for the number of platelets, there was no linear relationship over time. However, when comparing the number of platelets pre-storage to that post-storage, a statistical difference was observed. The hemogram MPV variables, pre and post-storage, also did not relate with time however, there was a statistical difference between the MPV of hemogram and MPV pre-storage, and between MPV pre-storage and MPV post-storage. From the pH evaluation, no influence of time on the variables was found, but statistical differences were found in the samples after storage between 30 and 6 days, 30 and 24 days, and 30 and 27 days. Platelet aggregation occurred within twenty seconds in all samples, independent of storage time. There was no growth of bacteria or yeast in any sample; however, mold growth occurred in the samples stored for 21 days from

Quinze coelhos machos da raça Nova Zelândia foram utilizados neste experimento, com a finalidade de armazenar o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) durante 30 dias a 4-6C para investigar a sua conservação e viabilidade durante este período. Trinta amostras de PRP foram preparadas e divididos em três grupos iguais (G1, G2 e G3), e de três em três dias foi retirada uma amostra para avaliação do número de plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), pH do plasma, agregação após adição de tromboplastina cálcica, e para a presença de contaminação bacteriana e fúngica. Os resultados sugerem que, para o número de plaquetas, não houve uma relação linear com o tempo. No entanto, quando se compara o número de plaquetas pré-armazenamento com o pós-armazenamento, foi observada diferença estatística. As variáveis VPM no hemograma, pré e pós-armazenamento, também não se relacionou com o tempo, porém, houve diferença estatística entre o VPM do hemograma e pré-armazenamento, e entre VPM pré-armazenamento e pós-armazenamento. A partir da avaliação do pH, não houve influência do tempo sobre as variáveis, porém foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas nas amostras após o armazenamento entre 30 e 6, 30 e 24, e 30 e 27 dias. A agregação de plaquetas ocorreu no prazo de vinte segundos, em todas as amostras, independente do tempo de armazenamento. Não houve crescimento de bactérias ou fungos em qualquer a

Homeopathy against ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) in crossbreds dairy cattle / Homeopatia contra carrapatos (Rhipicephalus microplus) em bovinos mestiços leiteiros

The dairy farming is one of the main agribusiness activities in Brazil, but it suffers with the presence of parasites, particularly the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Treatment of parasitic diseases with allopathic products is common, but it leaves residues in meat and milk, besides inducing tick resistance. Homeopathy has been applied successfully by some producers. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a commercial biotherapic (Ectoderm®) made with the ectoparasites Rhipicephalus microplus (30 cH) and Haematobia irritans (30 cH), and the plants Daphne mezereum (6 cH) and Rhus toxicodendron (6 cH) in a calcium carbonate vehicle upon 36 crossbred (Holstein x Gir) female cattle. Ticks larger than 4 mm length present on all over the animals body were counted daily during four months. Then, the animals were randomly separated, considering their tick susceptibility in three similar experimental groups of 12 animals. Each animal of T1 group received 10g biotherapic in 500g concentrate daily. T2 group was placed in the same pasture than T1 and received the same management, but 10g of placebo (calcitic limestone) in 500g concentrate per head daily. T1 and T2 animals had different troughs. The T3 group was placed in separate pastures but received the same forage and concentrate and placebo daily in the concentrate, like T2. Daily counting of ticks continued for 8 months (06

O artigo não possui resumo em português.

Homeopathy against ticks (Rhipicephalus microplus) in crossbreds dairy cattle / Homeopatia contra carrapatos (Rhipicephalus microplus) em bovinos mestiços leiteiros

The dairy farming is one of the main agribusiness activities in Brazil, but it suffers with the presence of parasites, particularly the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus. Treatment of parasitic diseases with allopathic products is common, but it leaves residues in meat and milk, besides inducing tick resistance. Homeopathy has been applied successfully by some producers. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a commercial biotherapic (Ectoderm®) made with the ectoparasites Rhipicephalus microplus (30 cH) and Haematobia irritans (30 cH), and the plants Daphne mezereum (6 cH) and Rhus toxicodendron (6 cH) in a calcium carbonate vehicle upon 36 crossbred (Holstein x Gir) female cattle. Ticks larger than 4 mm length present on all over the animals body were counted daily during four months. Then, the animals were randomly separated, considering their tick susceptibility in three similar experimental groups of 12 animals. Each animal of T1 group received 10g biotherapic in 500g concentrate daily. T2 group was placed in the same pasture than T1 and received the same management, but 10g of placebo (calcitic limestone) in 500g concentrate per head daily. T1 and T2 animals had different troughs. The T3 group was placed in separate pastures but received the same forage and concentrate and placebo daily in the concentrate, like T2. Daily counting of ticks continued for 8 months (06

O artigo não possui resumo em português.

ORIGENS E DISTRIBUIÇÕES DOS NERVOS SUBESCAPULARES EM FETOS DE BOVINOS AZEBUADOS

Neste estudo foram analisadas por meio da dissecação as origens e as distribuições dos nervos subescapulares em 30 fetos de bovinos azebuados, 20 machos e 10 fêmeas, após a fixação em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Constatou-se a presença de dois nervos subescapulares (cranial e caudal) em 100,00% dos casos, os quais se originaram em 11 antímeros (18,33%) do ramo ventral do sexto nervo espinhal cervical (C6), em 60 antímeros (100,00%) do ramo ventral do sétimo nervo espinhal cervical (C7) e em 54 antímeros (90,00%) do ramo ventral do oitavo nervo espinhal cervical (C8). Os nervos subescapulares cranial e caudal cederam ramos para o músculo subescapular em 100,00% dos animais e o nervo subescapular caudal emitiu ramos para o músculo redondo maior em 93,34% dos casos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre as freqüências de ramos musculares cedidos pelos nervos subescapulares cranial e caudal para os antímeros direito e esquerdo e ainda em relação ao sexo dos fetos estudados.

Eosinophils increase in animals that received biotherapic / Aumento de eosinófilos em animais que receberam bioterápico

Dairy industry is an important Brazilian economic activity participating of income generation. European breeds cattle arent adapted to parasites found in the tropics, like the Rhipicephalus microplus tick. Parasites can acquire resistance to allopathic products, but not to homeopathic products. We evaluate the efficacy of an antiparasiticide biotherapic against the R. microplus tick. The biotherapic was prepared according to the homeopathic pharmacopoeia recommendations from vegetable (Abrotanum) and animal products (Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma cajenennense, Haematobia irritans, Musca domestica, Dermatobia hominis), all diluted and vigorous shaken (dynamized) in water or alcohol at a ratio of 1:99, in the 12th Centesimal Hahnemann (CH12), with limestone as the carrier. This homeophatic product found in veterinary pharmacies of Ituiutabas region, Minas Gerais State, is registered at Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Natural tick infestation was accessed in thirty Girolando (Gir x Holstein) cows with 7 to 13 year-old, by monthly counting of tick female bigger than 6 mm, from October/2009 to July/2011. Cows were divided in three groups of 10 similar animals. The treated group (T1) received roughage, concentrate and biotherapic. The placebo group (T2) received roughage, concentrate and limestone and the control group (T3) received only roughage an

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Eosinophils increase in animals that received biotherapic / Aumento de eosinófilos em animais que receberam bioterápico

Dairy industry is an important Brazilian economic activity participating of income generation. European breeds cattle arent adapted to parasites found in the tropics, like the Rhipicephalus microplus tick. Parasites can acquire resistance to allopathic products, but not to homeopathic products. We evaluate the efficacy of an antiparasiticide biotherapic against the R. microplus tick. The biotherapic was prepared according to the homeopathic pharmacopoeia recommendations from vegetable (Abrotanum) and animal products (Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma cajenennense, Haematobia irritans, Musca domestica, Dermatobia hominis), all diluted and vigorous shaken (dynamized) in water or alcohol at a ratio of 1:99, in the 12th Centesimal Hahnemann (CH12), with limestone as the carrier. This homeophatic product found in veterinary pharmacies of Ituiutabas region, Minas Gerais State, is registered at Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Natural tick infestation was accessed in thirty Girolando (Gir x Holstein) cows with 7 to 13 year-old, by monthly counting of tick female bigger than 6 mm, from October/2009 to July/2011. Cows were divided in three groups of 10 similar animals. The treated group (T1) received roughage, concentrate and biotherapic. The placebo group (T2) received roughage, concentrate and limestone and the control group (T3) received only roughage an

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Produção de lágrima após exérese parcial da glândula lacrimal principal em cães

Background:  :  :  : The partial loss of the lacrimal gland by obstruction, injury, removal of tumor tissue or other pathological changes may lead to loss of tear flow, bringing harmful consequences to the body. The aim was to evaluate the production of tears after removal of approximately 50% of the main lacrimal gland. Materials, Methods & Results: For this, lacrimal glands from the left eyes of seven dogs, male, adult, with weight ranging from 6 to 13kg were partially removed. In each animal, an incision of approximately 3.0 cm of skin, orbicularis and cutaneous muscle of the eye between the eyeball and the zygomatic process of frontal bone of the lateral left side was performed. After incision of the conjunctiva, close to the zygomatic process, the orbital ligament was located and partially sectioned to expose the main lacrimal gland. With a stainless steel wire graph, the gland was measured and retired approximately 50% of the parenchyma. The fragment was placed in a bottle containing 10% formalin for histological evaluation. The tears production was measured with lacrimal Schirmer test at 28 ºC and 70% relative humidity 24 hours before surgery and on the 15th, 30th and 60th days after surgery. At the 60th day, samples of gland lacrimal of the same animals were colleted for histopathologic examination of number, mean diameter of the acini and their nuclei, nucleus: cyt

Produção de lágrima após exérese parcial da glândula lacrimal principal em cães

Background:  :  :  : The partial loss of the lacrimal gland by obstruction, injury, removal of tumor tissue or other pathological changes may lead to loss of tear flow, bringing harmful consequences to the body. The aim was to evaluate the production of tears after removal of approximately 50% of the main lacrimal gland. Materials, Methods & Results: For this, lacrimal glands from the left eyes of seven dogs, male, adult, with weight ranging from 6 to 13kg were partially removed. In each animal, an incision of approximately 3.0 cm of skin, orbicularis and cutaneous muscle of the eye between the eyeball and the zygomatic process of frontal bone of the lateral left side was performed. After incision of the conjunctiva, close to the zygomatic process, the orbital ligament was located and partially sectioned to expose the main lacrimal gland. With a stainless steel wire graph, the gland was measured and retired approximately 50% of the parenchyma. The fragment was placed in a bottle containing 10% formalin for histological evaluation. The tears production was measured with lacrimal Schirmer test at 28 ºC and 70% relative humidity 24 hours before surgery and on the 15th, 30th and 60th days after surgery. At the 60th day, samples of gland lacrimal of the same animals were colleted for histopathologic examination of number, mean diameter of the acini and their nuclei, nucleus: cyt

BACTERIOLOGIA DE “ESPETINHOS DE FRANGO FABRICADOS NO MUNIC?PIO DE UBERLÂNDIA-MG SOB INSPEÇÃO MUNICIPAL

Produtos de origem animal in natura, manipulados para comercialização por ambulantes, nem sempre apresentam condições de armazenamento e preparo adequados, oferecendo risco à segurança alimentar. Um desses produtos vem a ganhar importância devido ao seu amplo consumo: o “espetinho ou churrasquinho”. Existem poucas informações sobre a qualidade higiênica e o risco potencial que esses alimentos representam para os consumidores. Trinta e duas amostras de “espetinhos de frango” foram coletadas assepticamente, com freqüência bimestral, diretamente nas indústrias produtoras, no período de 2003 e 2004 para análise de coliformes e Salmonella sp. Os resultados das análises para Salmonella sp indicaram ausência em todas as amostras. Entretanto, as contagens obtidas para coliformes termotolerantes mostraram elevados níveis de contaminação em 2003, com média de 9,8 x 104 NMP. g-1 e 1,2 x 104 NMP.g-1 em 2004. Os resultados demonstraram que no ano de 2003, 47,36% (9/19) das amostras analisadas encontravam- se impróprias para o consumo humano, com redução do índice de contaminação para 15,38% (2/13) em 2004. O menor número de amostras não conformes observadas em 2004, coincide com a obrigatoriedade da implantação de boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) nas indústrias fiscalizadas. Esses resultados estão possivelmente relacionados à melhoria nas práticas de manipulação, processamento e armazename

BACTERIOLOGIA DE “ESPETINHOS DE FRANGO FABRICADOS NO MUNIC?PIO DE UBERLÂNDIA-MG SOB INSPEÇÃO MUNICIPAL

Produtos de origem animal in natura, manipulados para comercialização por ambulantes, nem sempre apresentam condições de armazenamento e preparo adequados, oferecendo risco à segurança alimentar. Um desses produtos vem a ganhar importância devido ao seu amplo consumo: o “espetinho ou churrasquinho”. Existem poucas informações sobre a qualidade higiênica e o risco potencial que esses alimentos representam para os consumidores. Trinta e duas amostras de “espetinhos de frango” foram coletadas assepticamente, com freqüência bimestral, diretamente nas indústrias produtoras, no período de 2003 e 2004 para análise de coliformes e Salmonella sp. Os resultados das análises para Salmonella sp indicaram ausência em todas as amostras. Entretanto, as contagens obtidas para coliformes termotolerantes mostraram elevados níveis de contaminação em 2003, com média de 9,8 x 104 NMP. g-1 e 1,2 x 104 NMP.g-1 em 2004. Os resultados demonstraram que no ano de 2003, 47,36% (9/19) das amostras analisadas encontravam- se impróprias para o consumo humano, com redução do índice de contaminação para 15,38% (2/13) em 2004. O menor número de amostras não conformes observadas em 2004, coincide com a obrigatoriedade da implantação de boas práticas de fabricação (BPF) nas indústrias fiscalizadas. Esses resultados estão possivelmente relacionados à melhoria nas práticas de manipulação, processamento e armazename

Variabilidade espacial do pH, teores de matéria orgânica e micronutrientes em profundidades de amostragem num Latossolo Vermelho sob semeadura direta

The space variability of the indexes of fertility of the soil increases with the no-till system, being verified differences in the nutrients contents of a superficial layer of the soil in relation to the other lower layer. Therefore, it requires the definition of new sampling procedures to contemplate those alterations. The study was aimed at evaluating the spatial variability of the pH, organic matter and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in a Acrustox loamy texture, cultivated since 1995 under no till system. The soil was sampled in regular intervals of 50m, in regular mesh of 121 points, in three depths (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 0-20cm). The data evaluated by descriptive statistics and geostatistics, based on semivariograms adjustment. Larger contents of organic matter, Mn and Zn were verified in the first 10cm of the soil, whereas contrary behaviors were observed for Fe. The highest variabilities were found for B and the lowest for pH in water. For the attributes that presented spatial dependence, this was classified as moderate or strong. Most of the data was adjusted to the semivariograms of exponential model, folloed by the spherical model. Only the variable zinc, in the depth of 0-20cm, did not present spatial dependence. The results obtained results should be considered in the definition of plans of soil sampling and management fertilization of the studied area by the analysis of range and horizontal and vertical variability of the chemical attributes evaluated.

A variabilidade espacial dos índices de fertilidade do solo aumenta com a semeadura direta, constatando-se diferenças nos teores de nutrientes de uma camada superficial do solo em relação à outra logo abaixo. Disto, resulta a necessidade de definir novos procedimentos de amostragem para contemplar essas alterações. Com o objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade espacial do pH em água, teores de matéria orgânica e os micronutrientes boro (B), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn), desenvolveu-se este trabalho num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura muito argilosa, cultivado desde 1995 sob semeadura direta, em Uberlândia - MG. A coleta das amostras do solo foi realizada em intervalos regulares de 50m, em malha regular de 121 pontos, em três profundidades (0-10cm, 10-20cm e 0-20cm). Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e geoestatística, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas. Maiores teores de matéria orgânica, Mn e Zn foram verificados nos primeiros 10cm do solo, enquanto que, para Fe, os maiores teores ocorreram na camada de 10-20cm. As maiores variabilidades horizontais foram encontradas para B e as menores para pH em água. Para os atributos que apresentaram dependência espacial, esta foi classificada como moderada ou forte. A maioria dos dados se ajustou ao semivariograma de modelo exponencial, seguido do esférico e do linear. Apenas a variável zinco, na profundidade de 0-20cm, não apresentou dependência espacial. Os resultados obtidos devem ser considerados na definição de planos de amostragem do solo e no manejo da adubação da área em questão, através da análise do alcance e das variabilidades horizontal e vertical dos atributos químicos estudados.

Variabilidade espacial do pH, teores de matéria orgânica e micronutrientes em profundidades de amostragem num Latossolo Vermelho sob semeadura direta

The space variability of the indexes of fertility of the soil increases with the no-till system, being verified differences in the nutrients contents of a superficial layer of the soil in relation to the other lower layer. Therefore, it requires the definition of new sampling procedures to contemplate those alterations. The study was aimed at evaluating the spatial variability of the pH, organic matter and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in a Acrustox loamy texture, cultivated since 1995 under no till system. The soil was sampled in regular intervals of 50m, in regular mesh of 121 points, in three depths (0-10cm, 10-20cm and 0-20cm). The data evaluated by descriptive statistics and geostatistics, based on semivariograms adjustment. Larger contents of organic matter, Mn and Zn were verified in the first 10cm of the soil, whereas contrary behaviors were observed for Fe. The highest variabilities were found for B and the lowest for pH in water. For the attributes that presented spatial dependence, this was classified as moderate or strong. Most of the data was adjusted to the semivariograms of exponential model, folloed by the spherical model. Only the variable zinc, in the depth of 0-20cm, did not present spatial dependence. The results obtained results should be considered in the definition of plans of soil sampling and management fertilization of the studied area by the analysis of range and horizontal and vertical variability of the chemical attributes evaluated.

A variabilidade espacial dos índices de fertilidade do solo aumenta com a semeadura direta, constatando-se diferenças nos teores de nutrientes de uma camada superficial do solo em relação à outra logo abaixo. Disto, resulta a necessidade de definir novos procedimentos de amostragem para contemplar essas alterações. Com o objetivo de avaliar a variabilidade espacial do pH em água, teores de matéria orgânica e os micronutrientes boro (B), cobre (Cu), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn) e zinco (Zn), desenvolveu-se este trabalho num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura muito argilosa, cultivado desde 1995 sob semeadura direta, em Uberlândia - MG. A coleta das amostras do solo foi realizada em intervalos regulares de 50m, em malha regular de 121 pontos, em três profundidades (0-10cm, 10-20cm e 0-20cm). Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e geoestatística, com base no ajuste de semivariogramas. Maiores teores de matéria orgânica, Mn e Zn foram verificados nos primeiros 10cm do solo, enquanto que, para Fe, os maiores teores ocorreram na camada de 10-20cm. As maiores variabilidades horizontais foram encontradas para B e as menores para pH em água. Para os atributos que apresentaram dependência espacial, esta foi classificada como moderada ou forte. A maioria dos dados se ajustou ao semivariograma de modelo exponencial, seguido do esférico e do linear. Apenas a variável zinco, na profundidade de 0-20cm, não apresentou dependência espacial. Os resultados obtidos devem ser considerados na definição de planos de amostragem do solo e no manejo da adubação da área em questão, através da análise do alcance e das variabilidades horizontal e vertical dos atributos químicos estudados.

Absorção de imunoglobulinas G {lgG) do colo·stro pelo bezerro recém-nascido e suas concentrações na glândula mamária

Foram estudados neste trabalho, a capacidade de absorção de lgG pelo bezerro lactente nas primeiras 24 horas de vida epossíveis diferenças de concentrações de lgG entre o colostro antes do bezerro mamar, que está localizado no seio lactíferoparte glandular e o colostro depois da mamada e ligeira esgota, que está localizado nos duetos lactíferos. Para isso, foianalisado o colostro de 15 vacas recém-paridas e o soro sangüíneo dos bezerros filhos dessas vacas, em duas colheitas,uma antes da primeira mamada, logo após o nascimento, e outra 24 horas depois da primeira. O teste de ELISA foi utilizado. para detecção e quantificação da lgG, tanto no colostro, quanto no soro sangüíneo. Os resultados mostraram que houvegrande absorção de lgG pelo bezerro recém-nascido (p 0,05), em 24 horas, mas não houve diferença de concentração(p>0,05) entre o colostro proveniente do seio laclífero (parte glandular) e dos duetos lactíferos.