Isoprene emissions in Africa inferred from OMI observations of formaldehyde columns.

We use 2005-2009 satellite observations of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns from the OMI instrument to infer biogenic isoprene emissions at monthly 1 × 1° resolution over the African continent. Our work includes new approaches to remove biomass burning influences using OMI absorbing aerosol optical depth data (to account for transport of fire plumes) and anthropogenic influences using AATSR satellite data for persistent small-flame fires (gas flaring). The resulting biogenic HCHO columns (ΩHCHO) from OMI follow closely the distribution of vegetation patterns in Africa. We infer isoprene emission (E ISOP) from the local sensitivity S = ΔΩHCHO / ΔE ISOP derived with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model using two alternate isoprene oxidation mechanisms, and verify the validity of this approach using AMMA aircraft observations over West Africa and a longitudinal transect across central Africa. Displacement error (smearing) is diagnosed by anomalously high values of S and the corresponding data are removed. We find significant sensitivity of S to NOx under low-NOx conditions that we fit to a linear function of tropospheric column NO2. We estimate a 40% error in our inferred isoprene emissions under high-NOx conditions and 40-90% under low-NOx conditions. Our results suggest that isoprene emission from the central African rainforest is much lower than estimated by the state-of-the-science MEGAN inventory.

Nicafenine, a new analgesic. I. Synthesis and physicochemical properties.

The synthesis of 2-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-amino] benzoic acid 3-pyridine carboxamide-N-ethyl ester (nicafenine) was carried out by a new method using isatoic anhydride. The IR, NMR, MS and UV spectrophotometric studies are described, together with the characteristics of this compound.

Study of the repercussions on blood of acute experimental inflammation in rats. I. Systemic effects induced by generalised inflammation with dextran.

Systemic effects resulting from dextran induced general inflammation in rats were studied. The phlogogenic agent was i.p. or i.v. injected. Dextran led to an increase in hematocrit values and erythrocyte counts. A decrease in blood total proteins, fibrinogen and sedimentation rate was observed, too. ADP mediated platelet aggregation was also decreased.

Study of the repercussions on blood of acute experimental inflammation in rats. II. Blood changes in the course of carrageenin induced inflammation.

Repercussions on blood of inflammation induced by carrageenin injection in the four paws of rats were studied. Two stages were observed. 4 h after carrageenin injection, a high fall in leucocyte count and a small decrease in blood total proteins and blood fibrinogen were registered. ADP mediated platelet aggregation and sedimentation rate were not modified. 24 h after carrageenin injection, sedimentation rate and blood fibrinogen were increased; some platelet hyperaggregation with ADP was also observed.