Analysis of Madrid Primary Health-Care staff for the implementation of exercise prescription.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the self-perception of nurses and general practitioners (GPs) toward Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) in Madrid Primary Health-Care (PHC). DESIGN: A survey-cohort study. SITE: Nurses and GPs of Madrid PHC System. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 319 GPs and 285 nurses' responders. MEASUREMENTS: Data were analyzed under a classification tree analysis by four predictor variables: (i) Health professional (Nurses/GPs); (ii) Exercise prescription collaboration with all health professionals: physicians, nurses, psychologists, physical therapists, sports medicine physicians, sports scientists, nutritionists, and teachers (Yes/No); (iii) PA promotion collaboration with Sports Scientists (Yes/No); and (iv) The stage of change of PHC staff to PA promotion (0-4 Likert scale). RESULTS: Regarding the predictor variable (i), responders without PA guidelines knowledge and positive attitude to collaborate with nurses in PA promotion are more GPs of female sex (nurses n=33 and GPs n=175) than male sex (nurses n=3 and GPs n=59) (p<.001). For the predictor variable (ii) only 9.30% of PHC staff with a positive attitude to collaborate with all health professionals in PA promotion and exercise prescription. For the predictor variable (iii) was shown low collaboration with sports physicians and sports scientists under a multidisciplinary PAP approach (26.50% responders). Finally, in the predictor variable (iv) Staff maintaining PAP for at least 6 months, self-considered active, and with PAP knowledge want to collaborate with Sports scientists (Yes=233; No=133). CONCLUSIONS: Nurses and GPs are conscious of health-related PA benefits despite the lack of PAP knowledge and lack of willingness to collaborate with other health personnel, exercise professionals, and community resources available.

Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity: the Hamburg Declaration.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dementia, depression and cancers, are on the rise worldwide and are often associated with a lack of physical activity (PA). Globally, the levels of PA among individuals are below WHO recommendations. A lack of PA can increase morbidity and mortality, worsen the quality of life and increase the economic burden on individuals and society. In response to this trend, numerous organisations came together under one umbrella in Hamburg, Germany, in April 2021 and signed the 'Hamburg Declaration'. This represented an international commitment to take all necessary actions to increase PA and improve the health of individuals to entire communities. Individuals and organisations are working together as the 'Global Alliance for the Promotion of Physical Activity' to drive long-term individual and population-wide behaviour change by collaborating with all stakeholders in the community: active hospitals, physical activity specialists, community services and healthcare providers, all achieving sustainable health goals for their patients/clients. The 'Hamburg Declaration' calls on national and international policymakers to take concrete action to promote daily PA and exercise at a population level and in healthcare settings.

Physical exercise training in the syllabus of Bachelor of Science in nursing degrees: an environmental scan.

Background: Scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is increasing. Healthcare systems are trying to increase exercise prescription treatments. However, it is not clear if health professionals are sufficiently trained. Aim: to analyze the contents related to PA and exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the syllabus of the Bachelor of Science in Nursing at all Spanish universities. Methods: A systematic environmental scan that included a web page search of curricular guide programs of all Spanish universities offering the Bachelor of Science in Nursing was undertaken for the 2017-2018 academic course. The assessment of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) about physical activity and/or exercise health-related benefits in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases was performed by two experts in a peer-review process. ECTS of Practicum and Bachelor thesis were not included in the analysis. Results: In the mean, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing dedicated 5.82% (5.01% mandatory and 0.82% voluntary) of a total of 240 ECTS (ranging from 0 to 45 ECTS). The majority of contents were related to PA promotion; in contrast, contents related to exercise prescription are neglectable. Five Spanish universities do not offer any academic teaching to physical activity on prescription. Conclusions: A great disparity between universities was identified. In general, acquired knowledge seems scarce for PA promotion and exercise prescription in primary healthcare staff. Nurses would need additional physical activity on prescription training to improve PA promotion and exercise prescription knowledge as a coadjutant non-pharmacological treatment for non-communicable chronic diseases in Primary Healthcare settings.

Adherence Factors Related to Exercise Prescriptions in Healthcare Settings: A Review of the Scientific Literature.

Purpose: Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is being introduced in healthcare systems around the world. To apply a successful treatment is as important as to know if the patient is able to follow-up. In order to contribute to the development of effective PAP strategies, we have analyzed PAP-related adherence factors with a multi-dimensional approach. Methods PAP adherence factors in studies published in the WoS, Pubmed, and PsycInfo were reviewed, according to the WHO five dimensions adherence model. In a setting of prediction or adherence analysis of adults with high-risk factors or chronic diseases, the methods used to measure physical activity (PA), PAP treatments, PAP adherence, and mentioned theories related to human behavior change were analyzed. Results A total of 32 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. According to the WHO five dimensions adherence model, these total clustered adherence variables were observed: social/economic (n = 100), healthcare system/healthcare team (n = 18), condition-related (n = 61), therapy-related (n = 20), and patient-related (n = 47). PAP adherence has mainly been measured by adherence to measurement methods and by calculating attended versus total sessions scheduled. PA level was measured mainly by questionnaires and exercise referrals were the most frequent PAP resource in analyzed studies. Transtheoretical model of behavior change was the theory most referenced. Conclusion A lack of considering health system/healthcare-team factors and therapy-related factors has been identified, as most studies only analyze social/economic factors in non-pharmacological PAP adherence studies in healthcare settings. A multidimensional approach should be adopted to analyze PAP adherence in healthcare settings.

Physical activity as a tool to reduce disease-related work absenteeism in sedentary employees: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: Physical Activity (PA) programs have been suggested to lower absenteeism due to illness in sedentary employees. The aim of this review was to examine available scientific literature in order to study PA effects in workplace absenteeism taking the program design into consideration. METHODS: A search through 4 databases (Medline, Sportdiscus, Web of Science and Embase), from inception to December 2017, was conducted to identify control intervention and observational studies about PA and absenteeism published in either English or Spanish language using PRISMA procedures. RESULTS: A total of 10 published studies between 1981 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from the review suggested that PA is effective in reducing illness-related absence. Likelihood of being off from workplace reported with sedentary workers reach more probabilities when compared with exercisers. CONCLUSIONS: General PA is considered paramount in order to lower employees' absenteeism, which could be more related to vigorous training. However, there is a lack of rigorous and more specific studies about the issue. More focused on PA effect on absenteeism, adjusted by intervention variables, research would be desirable.

OBJETIVO: Se ha sugerido que los programas de actividad física (AF) podrían reducir el absentismo laboral por motivos de enfermedad en trabajadores sedentarios. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo examinar la evidencia científica disponible para estudiar los efectos de la AF sobre el absentismo laboral teniendo en consideración el diseño del programa de AF. METODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 4 bases de datos (Medline, Sportdiscus, Web of Science y Embase) de ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales publicados sobre AF y absentismo laboral, en inglés y en español, desde el inicio de indización hasta diciembre de 2017, utilizando la metodología PRISMA. RESULTADOS: Un total de 10 estudios publicados cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos. Las evidencias encontradas en la revisión sugieren que la AF es efectiva como medida para reducir el absentismo laboral por motivos de enfermedad. En general, los estudios señalaron que se observan mayores probabilidades de ausentarse del trabajo en trabajadores sedentarios que en los físicamente activos. CONCLUSIONES: La AF en general parece disminuir el absentismo laboral. En concreto, la AF vigorosa podría obtener mejores resultados que la realizada a intensidad moderada, aunque faltan estudios de intervención más rigurosos y específicos, con un mayor control sobre las variables de intervención.

La actividad física como herramienta para reducir el absentismo laboral debido a enfermedad en trabajadores sedentarios: Una revisión sistemática / Physical activity as a tool to reduce disease-related work absenteeism in sedentary employees: A systematic review

Fundamentos: Se ha sugerido que los programas de actividad física (AF) podrían reducir el absentismo laboral por motivos de enfermedad en trabajadores sedentarios. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo examinar la evidencia científica disponible para estudiar los efectos de la AF sobre el absentismo laboral teniendo en consideración el diseño del programa de AF. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en 4 bases de datos (Medline, Sportdiscus, Web of Science y Embase) de ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales publicados sobre AF y absentismo laboral, en inglés y en español, desde el inicio de indización hasta diciembre de 2017, utilizando la metodología PRISMA. Resultados: Un total de 10 estudios publicados cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad establecidos. Las evidencias encontradas en la revisión sugieren que la AF es efectiva como medida para reducir el absentismo laboral por motivos de enfermedad. En general, los estudios señalaron que se observan mayores probabilidades de ausentarse del trabajo en trabajadores sedentarios que en los físicamente activos. Conclusiones: La AF en general parece disminuir el absentismo laboral. En concreto, la AF vigorosa podría obtener mejores resultados que la realizada a intensidad moderada, aunque faltan estudios de intervención más rigurosos y específicos, con un mayor control sobre las variables de intervención

Background: Physical Activity (PA) programs have been suggested to lower absenteeism due to illness in sedentary employees. The aim of this review was to examine available scientific literature in order to study PA effects in workplace absenteeism taking the program design into consideration. Methods: A search through 4 databases (Medline, Sportdiscus, Web of Science and Embase), from inception to December 2017, was conducted to identify control intervention and observational studies about PA and absenteeism published in either English or Spanish language using PRISMA procedures. Results: A total of 10 published studies between 1981 and 2017 met the inclusion criteria. Evidence from the review suggested that PA is effective in reducing illness-related absence. Likelihood of being off from workplace reported with sedentary workers reach more probabilities when compared with exercisers. Conclusions: General PA is considered paramount in order to lower employees' absenteeism, which could be more related to vigorous training. However, there is a lack of rigorous and more specific studies about the issue. More focused on PA effect on absenteeism, adjusted by intervention variables, research would be desirable

[Physical activity as prevention and treatment resource of chronic diseases in the syllabus of Medicine and Sport Sciences at Spanish universities]. / La actividad física en el currículo universitario español de los grados de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte como recurso en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, there is scientific evidence about the benefits of physical exercise over human health. The aim of this study was to review the curricula of Medicine and Sport Sciences at Spanish universities, specifically regarding the contents related to physical exercise in the promotion, prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a systematic way, all syllabus, programs and contents of the different subjects were reviewed for all Spanish universities which offer the Bachelors of Medicine and Sport Sciences. Total, compulsory and optional European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) were analyzed and added for each university. Practicum and Bachelor thesis were not considered. RESULTS: In the mean, Medicine studies dedicate 3.62% (2.38% mandatory and 1.20% optional) of the total 360 ECTS to these contents. In Sport Sciences studies, of the total 240 ECTS, 17.78% (9.87% mandatory and 7.92% optional) were identified as related to these areas of knowledge. Contents ranged from 36 to 4.5 ECTS in Medicine and from 48 to 28 ECTS in Sport Sciences. CONCLUSION: There is a great disparity between universities for both degrees among Spanish universities. Contents related to the efficient use of physical exercise for the prevention and treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases are scarce, especially in Medicine. Results indicate the need of increasing these contents in undergraduate studies and/or include them in Master or other programs.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la evidencia científica ha acreditado los beneficios que posee la actividad física sobre la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la formación curricular de los estudiantes de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (CAFYD) en las universidades españolas, en relación a la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas a través de la actividad y el ejercicio físico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: de manera sistemática, se han revisado los planes de estudio de todas las universidades españolas que tienen capacidad legal para impartir de forma presencial los grados de Medicina y CAFYD, contabilizando el promedio de créditos ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) totales, obligatorios y optativos de las asignaturas que abordan la promoción, la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas a través del ejercicio físico, excluyendo practicum y trabajos fin de grado (TGF). RESULTADOS: el grado de Medicina dedica un promedio del 3,62% (2,38% y 1,20% créditos obligatorios y optativos, respectivamente) (360 ECTS) y el grado de CAFYD un 17,78% (9,87% y 7,92%) (240 ECTS) a contenidos relacionados con la actividad física como herramienta en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. El rango va de 36 a 4,5 ECTS en Medicina y de 48 a 28 ECTS en CAFYD. CONCLUSIÓN: se observa cierta disparidad entre los planes de estudio de las universidades españolas para los dos grados. Los créditos ECTS relacionados con actividad física y salud resultan escasos en el currículo de ambos grados, especialmente en Medicina. Los resultados indican la necesidad de aumentar estos contenidos en los estudios de grado y/o incluirlos en programas de postgrado.

[Sarcopenic obesity in elderly women: influence of I/D polymorphism of the angiotension converter enzyme]. / Obesidad sarcopénica en mujeres mayores: influencia del polimorfismo I/D de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina.

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a term that refers to an increase of fat mass together with a decrease of muscle mass, which is suffered by a high percentage of elderly population. Physical activity seems to be a good strategy to prevent it getting worse. However, genetic factors related to the aging process and to elderly's physical fitness could have an influence on it. AIM: To determine if elderly women > 60 who practice physical activity regularly had differences in sarcopenic obesity according to the I/D polymorphism from the ACE (angiotensin converter enzyme) gen. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 300 elderly women who have practiced physical exercise at least twice a week for the past two years. Anthropometric data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour questionnaire, sarcopenic obesity (determining the percentage of fat mass and total muscle mass by electrical impedance and grouping the quintiles of these values into four groups) and physical fitness assessment, as well as ACE gen genotype measured by oral mucosa sample, were evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in sarcopenic obesity according to ACE I/D genotype (SO values: 2.18 ACE DD vs 2.48 ACE II + ACE ID). CONCLUSIONS: Women who were ACE DD presented lower risk of sarcopenic obesity than those in the ACE II and ACE ID groups.

Obesidad sarcopénica en mujeres mayores: influencia del polimorfismo I/D de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina / Sarcopenic obesity in elderly women: influence of I/D polymorphism of the angiotension converter enzyme

Introducción: la obesidad sarcopénica (OS) es un término que relaciona el aumento de la masa grasa con la disminución de la masa muscular y que afecta a un importante porcentaje de población mayor. La falta de ejercicio regular y factores genéticos relacionados con el envejecimiento y la condición física podrían influir en su aparición. Objetivo: determinar si las mujeres mayores de 60 años que practican de forma continuada ejercicio físico presentan diferencias en la obesidad sarcopénica en función del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ACE). Métodos: estudio transversal de 300 mujeres mayores que realizaban ejercicio físico al menos dos veces a la semana en los últimos dos años. Se tomaron datos de medidas antropométricas, cuestionario de comportamiento actividad-sedentarismo, evaluación de la obesidad sarcopénica (a través de la determinación del porcentaje de masa grasa y masa muscular total mediante impedancia eléctrica y la agrupación de los quintiles de estos valores en cuatro grupos), evaluación de la condición física y genotipado del gen ACE mediante extracción de ADN de mucosa oral. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas en la obesidad sarcopénica en función del genotipo I/D de ACE. Las mujeres del grupo ACE DD presentaron menor riesgo de padecer obesidad sarcopénica que aquellas con genotipo ACE II y ACE ID (valores OS: 2.18 genotipo ACE DD frente a 2.48 genotipo ACE II + ACE ID; p < 0,05). Conclusiones: las mujeres mayores de 60 años con genotipo ACE DD que practican ejercicio regularmente presentan menor riesgo de padecer obesidad sarcopénica (AU)

Introduction: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a term that refers to an increase of fat mass together with a decrease of muscle mass, which is suffered by a high percentage of elderly population. Physical activity seems to be a good strategy to prevent it getting worse. However, genetic factors related to the aging process and to elderly's physical fitness could have an influence on it. Aim: To determine if elderly women > 60 who practice physical activity regularly had differences in sarcopenic obesity according to the I/D polymorphism from the ACE (angiotensin converter enzyme) gen. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 300 elderly women who have practiced physical exercise at least twice a week for the past two years. Anthropometric data, physical activity and sedentary behaviour questionnaire, sarcopenic obesity (determining the percentage of fat mass and total muscle mass by electrical impedance and grouping the quintiles of these values into four groups) and physical fitness assessment, as well as ACE gen genotype measured by oral mucosa sample, were evaluated. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in sarcopenic obesity according to ACE I/D genotype (SO values: 2.18 ACE DD vs 2.48 ACE II + ACE ID). Conclusions: Women who were ACE DD presented lower risk of sarcopenic obesity than those in the ACE II and ACE ID groups (AU)

La actividad física en el currículo universitario español de los grados de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte como recurso en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas / No disponible

Introducción: la evidencia científica ha acreditado los beneficios que posee la actividad física sobre la salud. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar la formación curricular de los estudiantes de Medicina y de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (CAFYD) en las universidades españolas, en relación a la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas a través de la actividad y el ejercicio físico. Material y métodos: de manera sistemática, se han revisado los planes de estudio de todas las universidades españolas que tienen capacidad legal para impartir de forma presencial los grados de Medicina y CAFYD, contabilizando el promedio de créditos ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) totales, obligatorios y optativos de las asignaturas que abordan la promoción, la prevención y el tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas a través del ejercicio físico, excluyendo practicum y trabajos fin de grado (TGF). Resultados: el grado de Medicina dedica un promedio del 3,62% (2,38% y 1,20% créditos obligatorios y optativos, respectivamente) (360 ECTS) y el grado de CAFYD un 17,78% (9,87% y 7,92%) (240 ECTS) a contenidos relacionados con la actividad física como herramienta en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles. El rango va de 36 a 4,5 ECTS en Medicina y de 48 a 28 ECTS en CAFYD. Conclusión: se observa cierta disparidad entre los planes de estudio de las universidades españolas para los dos grados. Los créditos ECTS relacionados con actividad física y salud resultan escasos en el currículo de ambos grados, especialmente en Medicina. Los resultados indican la necesidad de aumentar estos contenidos en los estudios de grado y/o incluirlos en programas de postgrado (AU)

No disponible

Effect of whole-body vibration therapy on health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents with disabilities: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To summarize the current literature regarding the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy on the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents with disabilities. METHODS: A literature search using MEDLINE-PubMed, SPORT DISCUS, and EMBASE databases was conducted up to August 2013. A total of 22 articles were included in this review (eight randomized controlled trials, four non-randomized controlled trials, three case reports, and seven reviews). RESULTS: Most of the studies showed positive effects of WBV on health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents with disabilities. Overall, 10-20 minutes at least three times per week, for a minimum of 26 weeks, with high frequency (between 15 and 35 Hz) and low amplitude (no more than 4 mm of peak-to-peak displacement) might be an appropriate protocol to achieve improvement in body composition and muscular strength. CONCLUSIONS: Because no serious adverse events have been observed, WBV might be defined as a safe treatment to be applied in children and adolescents with disabling conditions. Further research is recommended to explore the minimum dose of exposure to WBV required to elicit an optimal response in children and adolescents for improving health-related physical fitness. These may be translated into a more specific WBV protocol.

El dopaje en los Juegos Olímpicos de verano (1968-2008) / No disponible

Introducción y objetivos: El uso de sustancias, fármacos y métodos para mejorar el rendimiento en el trabajo o en el mundo deportivo data de hace siglos. Sin embargo, fue a partir de los Juegos Olímpicos de México (1968) cuando el Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) comenzó a realizar controles antidopaje. El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evolución de los resultados de los controles antidopaje desde 1968 hasta la actualidad. Métodos: Se ha revisado la evolución de los casos positivos de los Juegos Olímpicos de verano a través de la página Web Oficial del COI y la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje, siendo contrastados con documentos de prensa especializada. Resultados: El número total de controles antidopaje fue de 21.849, siendo sancionados 94. El mayor número de positivos (26) tuvo lugar en Atenas 2004. Por el contrario, en Moscú 1980 no se encontró ninguno. En Montreal 1976 se halló el mayor porcentaje de positivos por controles realizados (1,40%). Europa es el continente más sancionado por dopaje (62,67%) y los agentes anabolizantes la sustancia más empleada (46 sanciones). El porcentaje de deportistas sometidos a pruebas antidopaje ha aumentado considerablemente en los últimos años (1996: 18,64%; 2008:42,86%). Conclusiones: A partir de 1980 y hasta la actualidad, el número de controles antidopaje ha aumentado. La creación de la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje y su política de controles podría explicar la disminución del número de sancionados en los Juegos Olímpicos en Beijing 2008(AU)

Introduction and objectives: The use of substances, drugs and methods to improve work or sports performance has been well known for centuries. However, the International Olympic Committee only carried out the first anti-doping tests in the Mexico Olympic Games (1968). The main objective of this study is to analyse the evolution of the anti-doping tests results since 1968 until the present. Methods: We have reviewed the development of the positive cases at the Summer Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee and World Anti-Doping Agency Official Web Sites, which have been compared with documents from the specialised press. Results: The total number of anti-doping tests was 21,849, with 94 being penalised. The highest number of positives (26) took place in Athens 2004. By contrast, no positives were found in Moscow 1980. The highest percentage of positive cases per anti-doping tests was found in Montreal 1976 (1.40%). The most sanctioned continent was Europe (62.67% of total cases) and anabolic agents were the most used substances (46 positives). The percentage of athletes tested has risen steeply over the last years (1996: 18.64%; 2008: 42.86%). Conclusions: The number of anti-doping tests has increased since 1980. The creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency and its anti-doping policy could explain the decrease in the positive cases at the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008(AU)