University Hospital Financial Status Does Not Influence Subjective Perception of General Surgery Residents on Training Adequacy.

BACKGROUND: Surgical residency training is a complex and costly task. Hospital economic health is dependent on different variables, but it is especially linked to the country macroeconomics that may be extremely fluctuating, especially in underdeveloped countries. This study analyzed the correlation between a single-center university hospital financial status and subjective perception of general surgery residents on program support and adequacy. METHODS: We surveyed former residents that started general surgery residency program in a tertiary university hospital between 1999 and 2017. Individuals answered a questionnaire about the perception of the influence of the hospital´s financial status on training. Hospital´s financial status was estimated yearly by the current liquidity ratio (CLR) that measures whether or not a company has enough resources to meet its short-term obligations. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-seven (96%) were still in surgical practice; 242 (93%) were satisfied with their residency training; 210 (78%) believed training was affected by financial status; 183 (68%) believed they were prepared for independent practice; 180 (67%) practiced in an academic environment; 146 (54%) felt the need to complete specialty training beyond residency; and 56 (21%) believed hospital financial status was adequate. The rate of positive or negative answers did not correlate with the current liquidity ratio, except for the need to complete specialty training that was indirectly related to CLR. CONCLUSIONS: University hospital financial status did not influence subjective perception of general surgery residents on training, program support and adequacy.

Retracted articles in surgery journals. What are surgeons doing wrong?

BACKGROUND: Retraction of previously published scientific articles is an important mechanism to preserve the integrity of scientific work. This study analyzed retractions of previously published articles from surgery journals. METHODS: We searched for retracted articles in the 100 surgery journals with the highest SJR2 indicator grades. RESULTS: We found 130 retracted articles in 49 journals (49%). Five or more retracted articles were published in 8 journals (8%). The mean time between publication and retraction was 26 months (range 1 to 158 months). The United States, China, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom accounted for more than 3 out of 4 of the retracted articles. The greatest number of retractions came from manuscripts about orthopedics and traumatology, general surgery, anesthesiology, cardiothoracic surgery, and plastic surgery. Nonsurgeons were responsible for 16% of retractions in these surgery journals. The main reasons for retraction were duplicate publication (42%), plagiarism (16%), absence of proven integrity of the study (14%), incorrect data (13%), data published without authorization (12%), violation of research ethics (11%), documented fraud (11%), request of an author(s) (5%), and unknown (3%). In 25% of the retracted articles, other publications by the same authors also had been retracted. CONCLUSION: Retraction of published articles does not occur frequently in surgery journals. Some form of scientific misconduct was present in the majority of retractions, especially duplication of publication and plagiarism. Retractions of previously published articles were most frequent from countries with the greatest number of publications; some authors showed recidivism.

Esophageal motility after gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y for morbid obesity: high resolution manometry findings.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric operations may alter esophageal motility; however, there is a paucity of studies of the esophageal motility with high resolution manometry. AIM: To study patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity with high resolution motility. METHODS: Were included 18 asymptomatic patients (17 women, mean age 53 years) after undergoing to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. All patients underwent high resolution motility after a mean follow-up of three years after the operation. RESULTS: The mean pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was 18 ± 13 (range 0-51) mmHg. Seven (39%) patients had a hypotonic sphincter and one (5%) hypertonicity. Sphincter relaxation was abnormal in one patient. Total and abdominal lower esophageal sphincter length was 4 ± 1 (1-7) cm e 2 ± 1 (0-3) cm, respectively. Esophageal body distal amplitude (average measurements at 3 and 7 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter) was 77 ± 22 (40-120) mmHg. One (5%) patient had hypocontractility. Peristaltic waves were found in 95 ± 0% (60-100). The upper esophageal sphincter basal pressure was 118 ± 82 (33 - 334) mmHg; one (5%) patient (5%) had a hypotonic upper sphincter and eight (44%) hypertonicity. CONCLUSION: After gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y occurs significant lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia and upper esophageal sphincter hypertonia.

Motilidade esofágica após derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux para obesidade mórbida: achados à manometria de alta resolução / Esophageal motility after gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y for morbid obesity: high resolution manometry findings

RACIONAL:A cirurgia bariátrica pode provocar alterações na motilidade esofágica. Entretanto, existe paucidade de estudos com a manometria de alta resolução. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a motilidade esofágica em pacientes submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux para obesidade mórbida. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 18 pacientes assintomáticos submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y-de-Roux por laparotomia. Todos foram submetidos à manometria de alta resolução em média três anos após a operação. RESULTADOS: O esfíncter esofagiano inferior teve pressão basal média de 18±13 (variação 0-51) mmHg; sete pacientes (39%) apresentaram hipotonia e um (5%) hipertonia. O relaxamento foi anormal em um paciente. O comprimento total e abdominal do esfíncter foi de 4±1 (1-7) cm e 2±1 (0-3) cm, respectivamente. A amplitude distal do corpo esofágico (média de 3 e 7 cm acima do esfíncter) foi de 77±22 (40-120) mmHg e um paciente (5%) teve hipocontratilidade. Ondas peristálticas foram vistas em 95±0% (60-100). O esfíncter esofagiano superior tinha pressão basal média de 118±82 (33 - 334) mmHg; um (5%) paciente apresetnou hipotonia e oito (44%) hipertonia. CONCLUSÃO: Após a derivação gástrica, ocorreu significante hipotonia do esfíncter esofágico inferior e hipertonia do esfíncter esofágico superior.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric operations may alter esophageal motility; however, there is a paucity of studies of the esophageal motility with high resolution manometry. AIM: To study patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity with high resolution motility. METHODS: Were included 18 asymptomatic patients (17 women, mean age 53 years) after undergoing to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. All patients underwent high resolution motility after a mean follow-up of three years after the operation. RESULTS: The mean pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was 18±13 (range 0-51) mmHg. Seven (39%) patients had a hypotonic sphincter and one (5%) hypertonicity. Sphincter relaxation was abnormal in one patient. Total and abdominal lower esophageal sphincter length was 4±1 (1-7) cm e 2±1 (0-3) cm, respectively. Esophageal body distal amplitude (average measurements at 3 and 7 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter) was 77±22 (40-120) mmHg. One (5%) patient had hypocontractility. Peristaltic waves were found in 95±0% (60-100). The upper esophageal sphincter basal pressure was 118±82 (33 - 334) mmHg; one (5%) patient (5%) had a hypotonic upper sphincter and eight (44%) hypertonicity. CONCLUSION: After gastric bypass in Roux-en-Y occurs significant lower esophageal sphincter hypotonia and upper esophageal sphincter hypertonia.