Adequado crescimento, aus�ncia de ganho de peso excessivo e de altera��o no padr�o evacuat�rio em lactentes com refluxo gastroesof�gico recebendo f�rmula infantil espessada com goma jata� / Adequate growth, absence of excessive weight gain and no changing in feces consistency in infants with gastroesophageal reflux receiving carob bean gum-thickened infant formula

Introdu��o: O tratamento do refluxo gastroesof�gico (RGE) com f�rmulas espessadas com goma jata� tem se mostrado eficaz na redu��o dos epis�dios de refluxo e regurgita��o. Neste estudo, n�s comparamos o tratamento cl�nico, evolu��o p�ndero-estatural e padr�o das fezes, de lactentes com RGE em aleitamento materno ou recebendo f�rmula infantil antirregurgita��o com goma jata�. Material e m�todos: Analisamos um total de 42 prontu�rios m�dicos de lactentes menores de 1 ano com RGE atendidos em uma cl�nica de gastroenterologia pedi�trica. Os pacientes foram divididos em Grupo AME- aleitamento materno (n=17); e Grupo FAR- f�rmula antirregurgita��o com goma jata� (n=17). Dados antropom�tricos, uso de medica��o antirrefluxo, padr�o evacuat�rio e evolu��o do ganho p�ndero-estatural foram avaliados em 4 consultas consecutivas. Resultados: Observamos maior prescri��o de medicamentos antirrefluxo no grupo AME quando comparado ao FAR (p=0.08). N�o houve diferen�a entre os grupos no c�lculo do z-escore P/E e E/I, nem nos epis�dios de diarreia e/ou constipa��o intestinal ao longo dos 4 tempos de acompanhamento (p>0.05). Conclus�o: O uso da f�rmula espessada com goma jata� foi eficaz e segura para garantir crescimento adequado, com bom ganho p�ndero-estatural, n�o ocasionando sobrepeso, al�m de n�o interferir no padr�o das evacua��es.

Fatty acids in plasma, white and red blood cells, and tissues after oral or intravenous administration of fish oil in rats.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The importance of route of administration of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (oral vs intravenous (iv)) is not clear. We determined the relative concentrations of fatty acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and several tissues after short-term oral or iv administration of soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO). METHODS: Wistar rats (n = 6/group) received saline, FO, or SO by gavage or saline, FO based-lipid emulsion (FLE), or SO based-lipid emulsion (SLE) iv. The oils were provided at 0.2 g/kg/day for three consecutive days. The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last administration, blood was collected for plasma, WBC and RBC separation and tissues removed. Fatty acids were analysed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: FO resulted in higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in plasma PC and liver than the control. FLE resulted in higher EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFA in plasma PC, WBC and liver than both the control and SLE groups. EPA, DHA and total n-3 PUFA were higher in the heart with FLE compared with SLE. Individual and total n-3 PUFA were higher in plasma PC, WBC, liver and heart with FLE than with FO given by gavage. CONCLUSION: Short-term iv administration of n-3 PUFA appears to be more effective at increasing EPA and DHA status in plasma, WBC, liver and heart than oral administration. This might be important for rapid treatment with n-3 PUFA.

Impact of nutrition support teams on hospitals' nutritional support in the largest South American city and its metropolitan area.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the practice of nutritional therapy (NT) by NT multiprofessional teams (NTMTs) in hospitals of the São Paulo metropolitan region to verify its adequacy in meeting the legislation that regulates NT in Brazil. METHODS: This was an open prospective study using active research through an inquiry with a multiple-choice, directed, and descriptive questionnaire, which was evaluated using EPI Info 6.04. Data were presented as median and 25th and 75th percentiles and compared according to the considered outcome. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 119 evaluated hospitals in the São Paulo metropolitan region, 84 were located in the city itself and 35 in the surrounding cities. There were 52 hospitals with NTMTs: 35 in the city of São Paulo and 13 in the other cities. No significant statistical differences were found when comparing the hospitals according to size (small, average, large, and specialized) and to the presence of a NTMT. We observed that the philanthropic institutions presented a significantly higher frequency of NTMTs presence. The private, academic, and public hospitals did not present significant differences with regard to the presence of NTMTs. CONCLUSION: The number of NTMTs in the hospitals of the São Paulo metropolitan area is below the requirement established by law; the existence of a NTMT is more frequent in medium and large hospitals; the purchase of the necessary supplies and equipment for the NT practice is more adequate in hospitals with non-public reimbursement; the NTMTs in non-public hospitals were found to be more competent than those in public hospitals in implementing enteral and parenteral nutrition; private hospitals offer better conditions for professional growth for a NTMT staff compared with public hospitals.