Construction of an individual socioeconomic status index for analysing inequalities in colorectal cancer screening.

OBJECTIVE: To construct an individual socioeconomic status index (ISESI) with information available in the Population Information System of the Region of Valencia, Spain, and use it to analyse inequalities in a colorectal cancer screening programme (CRCSP). METHODS: Cross-sectional study of men and women aged between 50 and 75 at the time of the study (2020) that were selected from the target population of the Region of Valencia CRCSP. (study sample 1,150,684). First, a multiple correspondence analysis was performed to aggregate information from the Population Information System of the Region of Valencia into an ISESI. Second, data from the 2016 Region of Valencia Health Survey were used for validation, and finally the relationship between CRCSP participation and the ISESI was analysed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: The variables included in the index were nationality, employment status, disability, healthcare coverage, risk of vulnerability and family size. The most important categories for determining the highest socioeconomic status were being employed and not being at risk of social vulnerability, and being unemployed and at risk of social vulnerability for determining the lowest socioeconomic status. Index validation demonstrated internal and external coherence for measuring socioeconomic status. The relationship between CRCSP participation and the ISESI categorised by quartile (Q) showed that Q4 (the lowest socioeconomic status) was less likely to participate OR = 0.769 (0.757-0.782) than Q1 (the highest socioeconomic status), and the opposite was found for Q2 OR = 1.368 (1.347-1.390) and Q3 OR = 1.156 (1.137-1.175). CONCLUSIONS: An ISESI was constructed and validated using Population Information System data and made it possible to evaluate inequalities in colorectal cancer screening.

Valoración de un programa piloto de prescripción de actividad física en atención primaria en la Comunitat Valenciana / Evaluation of a pilot program of physical activity prescription in primary care in the Valencian Community (Spain)

Objetivo: Valorar el proceso de prescripción y la mejora de la autoestima y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en un estudio piloto de prescripción de activos de actividad física durante 3 meses. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes-después sin grupo control, para la valoración del proyecto piloto (noviembre de 2017 y mayo de 2018) del programa Conecta Actius per a la Salut en seis centros de salud de la Comunitat Valenciana. Quienes aceptaron participar cumplimentaron un cuestionario con datos sociales, la escala de autoestima de Rosemberg y el cuestionario de calidad de vida EQ-5D al inicio (T0) y a los 3 meses (T1). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo por sexo, nivel educativo y oferta de activos, en el que se calcularon las diferencias de medianas entre T0 y T1 mediante el test de Wilconxon para dos muestras relacionadas. Resultados: Respondieron 82 personas en T0 y 78 en T1. Se observa una mejora de la calidad de vida (7%; p ≤0,001), la percepción de salud (12,5% p ≤0,001) y la autoestima (5,9%; p ≤0,001) entre T0 y T1. Las mujeres mejoran en mayor proporción que los hombres para las tres escalas medidas, y quienes tienen mayor nivel educativo o les han realizado la prescripción en los centros que ofertan un único activo. Conclusión: Se han obtenido beneficios en salud a corto plazo tras la prescripción de actividad física. En concreto, se observa una mejora en la calidad de vida, la percepción de salud y la autoestima. (AU)

Objective: Assess the prescription process, adherence and impact on health measured in improvement of self-esteem and health-related quality of life, as short-term health indicators, from a pilot study of prescription of physical activity assets for 3 months. Method: Quasi-experimental study before-after without a control group, for the evaluation of the pilot phase (November 2017 and May 2018) of the program Conecta Actius per a la Salut in the Valencian Community (Spain). The physical activity prescription was performed and a questionnaire was completed at the beginning (T0) and at 3 months (T1). A descriptive analysis was carried out by sex and educational level where the differences between T0 and T1 were calculated using chi square and the Wilcoxon test of two dependent samples. Results: The sample was 82 in T0 and 78 people in T1. The analysis shows an improvement between quality of life (7%; p ≤0.001), health perception (12,5%; p ≤0.001) and self-esteem (5,9%; p ≤0.001) between T0 and T1. The improvement proportion in Health perception is greater in women than in men for the three measured scales and in those who have a higher educational level or have been prescribed in centers that offer a single asset. Conclusion: Pilot study shows short-term health benefits after the physical activity prescription. Specifically, there is an improvement in the quality of life, health perception and self-esteem of the population. (AU)

[Evaluation of a pilot program of physical activity prescription in primary care in the Valencian Community (Spain)]. / Valoración de un programa piloto de prescripción de actividad física en atención primaria en la Comunitat Valenciana.

OBJECTIVE: Assess the prescription process, adherence and impact on health measured in improvement of self-esteem and health-related quality of life, as short-term health indicators, from a pilot study of prescription of physical activity assets for 3 months. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study before-after without a control group, for the evaluation of the pilot phase (November 2017 and May 2018) of the program Conecta Actius per a la Salut in the Valencian Community (Spain). The physical activity prescription was performed and a questionnaire was completed at the beginning (T0) and at 3 months (T1). A descriptive analysis was carried out by sex and educational level where the differences between T0 and T1 were calculated using chi square and the Wilcoxon test of two dependent samples. RESULTS: The sample was 82 in T0 and 78 people in T1. The analysis shows an improvement between quality of life (7%; p ≤0.001), health perception (12,5%; p ≤0.001) and self-esteem (5,9%; p ≤0.001) between T0 and T1. The improvement proportion in Health perception is greater in women than in men for the three measured scales and in those who have a higher educational level or have been prescribed in centers that offer a single asset. CONCLUSION: Pilot study shows short-term health benefits after the physical activity prescription. Specifically, there is an improvement in the quality of life, health perception and self-esteem of the population.

Reasons for participating in the Valencian Community Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme by gender, age, and social class.

OBJECTIVE: To know the reasons to participate or not in a colorectal cancer (CCR) screening programme and to analyze the differences by sex, age and social class. METHODS: Cross-sectional study by a telephone survey directed to a sample of men and women aged between 50-74 year old,participants (n = 383) and non participants (n = 383) in the CCR screening programme of Valencian Community. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models estimating the Odds Ratio (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The main reasons to participate are "it is important for health" (97.9 %) and "the test is easy" (97.6 %); and to nonparticipate are "no CCR symptoms" (49.7 %) and "didn't receive invitation letter" (48.3 %). Women are more likely not to participate if the reason was to consider the "test unpleasant" (OR: 1.82; IC: 1.00-3.28), and men if the reason was "lack of time" (OR 0.51;IC: 0.27-0.97); persons 60 or more years old if the reason was "diagnostic fear" (OR: 2.31; IC: 1.11-4.80), and persons 50-59 years old if was "lack of time" (OR 0.44; IC: 0.23-0.85); non manual social class persons if the reason was "lack of time" (OR: 2.66; IC: 1.40-5.10); manual women if the reason was "embarrassment to perform the test" (OR: 0.37; IC: 0.14-0.97); and non manual men if was "lack of time" (OR: 4.78; IC: 1.96-11.66). CONCLUSIONS: There are inequalities in the reasons for not participating in CCR screening programmes by sex, age and social class. It would be advisable to design actions that incorporate specific social group needs in order to reduce inequalities in participation.

Motivos de participación en el Programa de Prevención del Cáncer Colorrectal de la Comunidad Valenciana según sexo, edad y clase social / Reasons for participating in the Valencian Community Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme by gender, age, and social class

Objetivo: conocer los motivos para participar o no participar en un Programa de Prevención de Cáncer Colorrectal (PPCCR) y analizar las diferencias de sexo, edad y clase social. Métodos: estudio transversal mediante encuesta telefónica a una muestra de hombres y mujeres entre 50 y 74 años, participantes (n = 383) y no participantes (n = 383) en el PPCCR de la Comunidad Valenciana. Análisis descriptivo y de regresión logística calculando las Odds Ratio (p < 0,05). Resultados: los motivos de participación mayoritarios son «es importante para su salud» (97,9 %) y «la prueba es sencilla» (97,6 %); y los de no participación la «ausencia de síntomas de CCR» (49,7 %) y «no recibió la carta de invitación» (48,3%). Es más probable que las mujeres no participen por el motivo «prueba desagradable» (OR 1,82; IC: 1,00-3,28), y los hombres por «falta de tiempo» (OR 0,51; IC: 0,27-0,97); las personas de 60 y más años por «miedo al diagnóstico» (OR 2,31; IC: 1,11-4,80), y las de 50-59 años por «falta de tiempo» (OR 0,44; IC: 0,23-0,85); las de clase social no manual por «falta de tiempo» (OR 2,66; IC: 1,40- 5,10); las mujeres de clase social manual por «vergüenza a hacerse la prueba» (OR 0,37; IC: 0,14-0,97); y los hombres de clase social no manual por «falta de tiempo» (OR 4,78; IC: 1,96-11,66). Conclusiones: existen desigualdades en los motivos de no participación por sexo, edad y clase social. Sería recomendable diseñar acciones que incorporen las necesidades específicas de diferentes grupos sociales para reducir las desigualdades en la participación (AU)

Objective: To know the reasons to participate or not in a colorectal cancer (CCR) screening programme and to analyze the differences by sex, age and social class. Methods: Cross-sectional study by a telephone survey directed to a sample of men and women aged between 50-74 year old, participants (n = 383) and non participants (n = 383) in the CCR screening programme of Valencian Community. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression models estimating the Odds Ratio (p < 0.05). Results: The main reasons to participate are «it is important for health» (97.9 %) and «the test is easy» (97.6 %); and to non participate are «no CCR symptoms» (49.7 %) and «didn’t receive invitation letter» (48.3 %). Women are more likely not to participate if the reason was to consider the «test unpleasant» (OR: 1.82; IC: 1.00-3.28), and men if the reason was «lack of time» (OR 0.51; IC: 0.27-0.97); persons 60 or more years old if the reason was «diagnostic fear» (OR: 2.31; IC: 1.11-4.80), and persons 50-59 years old if was «lack of time» (OR 0.44; IC: 0.23-0.85); non manual social class persons if the reason was «lack of time» (OR: 2.66; IC: 1.40-5.10); manual women if the reason was «embarrassment to perform the test» (OR: 0.37; IC: 0.14-0.97); and non manual men if was «lack of time» (OR: 4.78; IC: 1.96-11.66). Conclusions: There are inequalities in the reasons for not participating in CCR screening programmes by sex, age and social class. It would be advisable to design actions that incorporate specific social group needs in order to reduce inequalities in participation (AU)