Methionine and cysteine deficiencies altered proliferation rate and time-course differentiation of porcine preadipose cells.

Methionine (Met) is an essential sulfur amino acid (AA) limiting growth and is the precursor of cysteine (Cys), the rate-limiting factor in the synthesis of glutathione, and the main intracellular non-enzymatic antioxidant. This study aimed at determining the effects of limited supplies in Met and(or) Cys in early aspects of adipose tissue development and oxidative stress in differentiated adipocytes. Incremental reductions in Met (70, 40, and 0 µM) were compared with Met 100 µM (control dose) in porcine preadipocytes cultured in media without or with Cys (250 µM). In Cys-deprived media, both the absence (0 µM) and the lowest dose of Met (40 µM) reduced preadipocyte proliferation. Adding Cys in media only partly compensated for this decrease. On the opposite, mild Met deficiency (70 µM) did not alter preadipocyte proliferation in media without or with Cys. Strong Met deficiency (40 µM) also reduced differentiation and lipid accumulation into preadipose cells. Mild Met deficiency also reduced preadipocyte differentiation when Cys was present in the culture media, whereas in Cys-deprived media, percent of differentiated cell was similar and intracellular lipid content was slightly higher at Met 70 µM than at Met 100 µM. Finally, incremental reductions in Met in media with or without Cys lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by differentiated cells. These results demonstrate the strong dependency of porcine adipogenesis to sulfur AA supplies. Strong Met deficiency decreases both proliferation and differentiation, whereas mild deficiency only alters differentiation.

Curso extracurricular de primeros auxilios a estudiantes de medicina para el aprendizaje de socorrismo / First aids extracurricular course to medicine students for rescuing learning

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 62 estudiantes de medicina, quienes asistieron a cursos extracurriculares en la sede de la Cruz Roja provincial de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de aprender a ejecutar primeros auxilios para salvar vidas, así como complementar su formación de actitudes y valores. Se realizaron 3 cursos (2 en el 2014 y uno en el 2015) con 20 horas cada uno, de 5:00 a 9:00 pm. De los alumnos matriculados, concluyeron con la ejecución de un examen final teórico-práctico 55 (88,7 por ciento); 36 cubanos y 19 extranjeros. Aquellos que aprobaron dicho examen recibieron certificados que les acreditarían como entrenados en primeros auxilios básicos y les permitirían trabajar como socorristas voluntarios en casos de desastre(AU)

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 62 medicine students who attended extracurricular courses in the provincial Red Cross office in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out in order to learn how to carry out first aids to save lives, as well as to supplement their training for attitudes and values. Three courses were carried out (2 in 2014 and one in 2015) with 20 hours each one, from 5:00 to 9:00 pm. Of the registered students, 36 Cubans and 19 foreigners concluded the theoretical-practical final exam (88.7 percent). Those that passed this exam received certificates that would credit them as trained in basic first aids and would allow them to work as voluntary rescuers in cases of disaster(AU)

Curso extracurricular de primeros auxilios a estudiantes de medicina para el aprendizaje de socorrismo / First aids extracurricular course to medicine students for rescuing learning

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 62 estudiantes de medicina, quienes asistieron a cursos extracurriculares en la sede de la Cruz Roja provincial de Santiago de Cuba, a fin de aprender a ejecutar primeros auxilios para salvar vidas, así como complementar su formación de actitudes y valores. Se realizaron 3 cursos (2 en el 2014 y uno en el 2015) con 20 horas cada uno, de 5:00 a 9:00 pm. De los alumnos matriculados, concluyeron con la ejecución de un examen final teórico-práctico 55 (88,7%); 36 cubanos y 19 extranjeros. Aquellos que aprobaron dicho examen recibieron certificados que les acreditarían como entrenados en primeros auxilios básicos y les permitirían trabajar como socorristas voluntarios en casos de desastre.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 62 medicine students who attended extracurricular courses in the provincial Red Cross office in Santiago de Cuba, was carried out in order to learn how to carry out first aids to save lives, as well as to supplement their training for attitudes and values. Three courses were carried out (2 in 2014 and one in 2015) with 20 hours each one, from 5:00 to 9:00 pm. Of the registered students, 36 Cubans and 19 foreigners concluded the theoretical-practical final exam (88.7%). Those that passed this exam received certificates that would credit them as trained in basic first aids and would allow them to work as voluntary rescuers in cases of disaster.

A Methionine Deficient Diet Enhances Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism and Alters Anti-Oxidant Pathways in Young Growing Pigs.

Methionine is a rate-limiting amino-acid for protein synthesis but non-proteinogenic roles on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress have been demonstrated. Contrary to rodents where a dietary methionine deficiency led to a lower adiposity, an increased lipid accretion rate has been reported in growing pigs fed a methionine deficient diet. This study aimed to clarify the effects of a dietary methionine deficiency on different aspects of tissue lipid metabolism and anti-oxidant pathways in young pigs. Post-weaned pigs (9.8 kg initial body weight) were restrictively-fed diets providing either an adequate (CTRL) or a deficient methionine supply (MD) during 10 days (n=6 per group). At the end of the feeding trial, pigs fed the MD diet had higher lipid content in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Expression levels of genes involved in glucose uptake, lipogenesis but also lipolysis, and activities of NADPH enzyme suppliers were generally higher in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues of MD pigs, suggesting an increased lipid turnover in those pigs. Activities of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase were increased in adipose tissues and muscle of MD pigs. Expression level and activity of the glutathione peroxidase were also higher in liver of MD pigs, but hepatic contents in the reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione and glutathione reductase activity were lower compared with control pigs. In plasma, superoxide dismutase activity was higher but total anti-oxidant power was lower in MD pigs. These results show that a dietary methionine deficiency resulted in increased levels of lipogenesis and lipolytic indicators in porcine adipose tissues. Decreased glutathione content in the liver and coordinated increase of enzymatic antioxidant activities in adipose tissues altered the cellular redox status of young pigs fed a methionine-deficient diet. These findings illustrate that a rapidly growing animal differently adapts tissue metabolisms when facing an insufficient methionine supply.

Infección por VPH en niñas sin contacto sexual / HPV infection in girls without sexual contact

Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados con la infección por virus papiloma humano en las descendientes menores de 8 años que conviven con pacientes infectadas con el virus. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística e intencional, la conformaron veintiocho (28) pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por VPH, tipificado por reacción en cadena de polimerasa asentado en su historia clínica y que tuvieran niñas menores de 8 años. Se realizó vulvoscopia a las niñas y toma de muestra por reacción en cadena de polimerasa. Resultados: Se obtuvo que en el 42,9 % la persona responsable de la higiene de la descendiente fue su madre, 89,3 % lavaba su ropa en conjunto con la de la niña (P<0,01). El 71,4 % refirió usar de forma compartida con las niñas toallas, sábanas y jabón de baño. Tanto en las madres como en sus descendientes, el tipo de virus papiloma humano mayormente diagnosticado fue el tipo 6, con predominio estadísticamente significativo de los virus de bajo riesgo en ambos grupos.

Objective: Analize the associated factors with human papilloma virus infection in the descendants who are under the age of 8 years old living with infected patients with the virus. Methods: It was made a descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. The sample was intentional and non probabilistic, integrated by twenty-eight (28) patients with a diagnosis of human papilloma virus infection, typified by polimerase chain reaction seated in their medical history and that they had girls under the age of 8 years. It was made a vulvoscopy to the children and sampling by polimerase chain reaction. Results: It was found that in 42.9 % the person responsible for the cleanliness of the descendant was her mother, 89.3 % washed their clothes in conjunction with the descendant´s (P<0,01), The 71.4 percent reported use of a shared with girls towels, bed linen and bathroom soap. On both the mother and their descendants, the mostly diagnosed type of human papilloma virus was type 6, with statistically significant predominance of viruses of low risk in both groups.

La motivación en los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Carabobo: Una aproximación teórica / The motivaton ammong medicine students of the university ofcarabobo. a theeoretical approach

Algunos autores, han estudiado el interés de los alumnos por ingresar a la escuela de medicina y el grado de identificación que tienen con la carrera, pero son pocas las investigaciones referentes a dichos estudiantes que pudieran establecer un patrón, según la carrera elegida. Se plantea, en este contexto una revisión teórica de la motivación como primera fase de una investigación, que tiene como propósito describir algunos de dichos postulados, que pudieran explicar las razones para decidirse a estudiar medicina. Hemos encontrado que la aproximación del médico al enfermo no es una cualidad profesional sino una actitud humana que se procesa en los individuos a través de vivencias, educación y modelaje familiar, entre otras. Frente a esta situación, parece necesario lograr una explicación más integrada acerca de algunos aspectos de la motivación y variables intervinientes en la elección de la carrera, implicando más de una de las teorías descritas.

Some authors have studied the interest of high school students in entering the medicine school and the identification degree that they have with the career, but are few the investigations referred to medicine students that can establish a pattern according to the chosen career. It's proposed, in this context, a theoretical review of motivation as a first phase of an investigation, which aims to describe some of these postulates, which might explain the reasons for deciding to study medicine. We have found that the approximation of the physician to the patient is not a professional quality but a human attitude which is processed in individuals through experiences, education and family, modeling between others. Faced with this situation, it seems necessary to achieve a more integrated explanation of some aspects of motivation and intervening variables in the choice of career, involving more than one of the above theories.

Conocimiento sobre el virus del papiloma humano en estudiantes de enfermería / Knowledge of nursing students about human papillomavirus

Determinar el conocimiento sobre el virus de papiloma humano en estudiantes de enfermería. Investigación descriptiva. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 137 alumnos que incluyó edad, procedencia, ejercicio de función sexual, parejas sexuales, etiología del virus de papiloma humano, modo de transmisión, clínica y prevención. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Carabobo. La edad fue 18 ± 0,5 años. Predominó significativamente el sexo femenino (92 por ciento versus 8 por ciento, P=0,000) y los estudiantes que no refirieron tener más de una pareja sexual (87,6 por ciento versus 6,6 por ciento, P=0,000). Más de la mitad de las mujeres tuvo un conocimiento sobre virus de papiloma humano muy bueno o excelente, estando éste significativamente asociado a un ejercicio responsable de la sexualidad en ambos géneros. Se recomienda reforzar las campañas de información y formación a los adolescentes respecto al virus del papiloma humano

To determine the knowledge on human papilloma virus in students of Nursery. Descriptive investigation. A questionnaire was applied to 137 students that included age, origin, exercise of sexual function, sex partners, etiology of, transmission way, clinic and prevention. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Carabobo. The age was 18±0.5 years. It prevailed significantly the feminine (92 percent versus 8 percent, P=0.000) sex and the students that didn’t refer to have more than a couple (87.6 percent versus 6.6 percent, P=0.000). More than a half of the women had a very good or excellent knowledge on human papilloma virus, being this significantly associated with responsible sexual performance in both genders. It’s recommended to reinforce the campaigns of information and formation to the adolescents regarding human papilloma virus

Recurrent anterior dislocation after the Latarjet procedure: outcome after revision using a modified Eden-Hybinette operation.

We assessed the results of the modified Eden-Hybinette operation as a salvage procedure after failure of an index Latarjet. Outcomes, complications, and evidence of arthritis of the glenohumeral joint were evaluated in 46 patients. Thirty-four (74%) were clinically and radiologically assessed at a mean of 6.8 years (range, 2-17 years). Good or excellent results were recorded in 27 of the 34 patients (79%). Four patients had another dislocation, and 2 became recurrent dislocators. One required an arthrodesis. Thirteen complained of a sensation of persistent apprehension. Twenty-three (68%) returned to their predislocation level of sport. Two gave up sports entirely. Radiographic evidence of arthritis was present in 6 (18%) before revision surgery. At final review, 10 (29%) had glenohumeral arthritis, graded as moderate or severe in 6 patients. Recurrence after an initial Latarjet procedure may be successfully treated by the modified Eden-Hybinette procedure. Patients may still experience a sensation of apprehension, but this does not appear to be clinically significant.