Femoral tunnel position in chronic anterior cruciate ligament rupture reconstruction: randomized controlled trial comparing anatomic, biomechanical and clinical outcomes.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between anteromedial (AM) and transtibial (TT) femoral tunnel positioning techniques for the reconstruction of chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a randomized prospective study of 106 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction because of a chronic ACL rupture (55 AMT, 51 TT). Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Demographic, clinical and radiological data, including MRI grafts' anatomy and biomechanics intraoperative navigation system evaluation, were analyzed. Also, International Knee Documentation Committee score, Tegner Knee score, Lysholm Knee Score, Short-Form Health Survey and 4-point Likert Scale were evaluated. RESULTS: The AM technique achieves a more anatomic graft than TT technique in both sagittal and coronal plane (6° approximately). Immediate postoperative biomechanical evaluation of the graft showed both techniques significantly improved translational and rotational laxity (p = 0.000). AMT showed superiority only in controlling internal rotation (p = 0.016). Both techniques reported significant improvement in all evaluated score scales, without differences between techniques. Independently of the femoral tunnel positioning technique, patients with cartilage lesion had worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that AMT achieves a more anatomical and biomechanically accurate graft allowing better control over internal rotation laxity; however, this does not lead to better clinical outcomes if we compare with TT in the reconstruction of chronic ACL rupture. Patients with chronic ACL rupture and cartilage lesion had worse clinical outcomes, independently the femoral tunnel positioning technique.

Outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion treated with staple fixation: stress TELOS X-ray evaluation.

PURPOSE: Tibial-side avulsion injuries of the posterior cruciate ligament are rare injuries. In displaced fracture, the reduction and fixation is the treatment of choice, although the optimal surgical management has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiological outcome after an open reduction and internal fixation with staples of a posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion. METHODS: A historical cohort of patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation with staple due to a posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion were reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data, including stress X-ray, were analyzed. Also, International Knee Documentation Committee Score, Tegner Knee Score, Lysholm Knee Score, Short-Form Health Survey, and four-point Likert scale were evaluated. RESULTS: Four males (57%) and 3 females (43%) were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 39 years (range 27-54). All patients had a fracture union. No implant migration was observed. Postoperative posterior drawer, reverse pivot shift, and varus/valgus stress were negative. In stress TELOS X-ray, no statistically significant differences were observed between the postoperative and contralateral knee. All evaluated scores had good or excellent results. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides further evidence that the use of an open reduction and internal fixation with a staple could be a simple and reliable management for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures of the tibia. In our study, the postoperative stress TELOS X-ray analyze showed a correct fixation and biomechanical function of the posterior cruciate ligament.

[SECOT consensus on thromboembolisms in knee and hip replacement surgery]. / Consenso SECOT sobre tromboembolismo en la cirugía protésica de rodilla y cadera.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a professional consensus that proposes, in the light of the current scientific evidence and the clinical experience of an expert panel, some clinical recommendations directed at the Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery (OTS) specialist and with the aim of reducing the variability in the prophylactic management of venous thromboembolic disease in knee and hip arthroplasty in clinical practice. The Delphi method was used, which consisted of two rounds of an e-mail questionnaire. Of the 55 items considered, a consensus was reached in 37 (67.2%) of them. In 31 cases there was consensus with the formulation of the item, and in 6 cases there was no agreed consensus. It was observed that there was a consensus in multiple clinical recommendations that could help OTS specialists in the making of decisions in their clinical practice.

Consenso SECOT sobre tromboembolismo en la cirugía protésica de rodilla y cadera / SECOT consensus on thromboembolisms in knee and hip replacement surgery

El objetivo de este documento es desarrollar un consenso profesional que proponga a la luz de la evidencia científica actual y de la experiencia clínica de un panel de expertos, unas recomendaciones clínicas dirigidas a especialistas COT y orientadas a reducir la variabilidad de la práctica clínica en el tratamiento de la profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, en la cirugía protésica de rodilla y cadera. Se empleó el método Delphi, el cual consiste en 2 rondas de un cuestionario por correo electrónico. De los 55 ítems considerados se consiguió el consenso en 37 de ellos (67,2%). En 31 casos se consensuó según la formulación del ítem y en 6 casos se consensuó en desacuerdo. Se observa que existe un consenso en múltiples recomendaciones clínicas que pueden ayudar en la toma de decisiones del especialista de COT en su práctica clínica (AU)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a professional consensus that proposes, in the light of the current scientific evidence and the clinical experience of an expert panel, some clinical recommendations directed at the Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery (OTS) specialist and with the aim of reducing the variability in the prophylactic management of venous thromboembolic disease in knee and hip arthroplasty in clinical practice. The Delphi method was used, which consisted of two rounds of an e-mail questionnaire. Of the 55 items considered, a consensus was reached in 37 (67.2%) of them. In 31 cases there was consensus with the formulation of the item, and in 6 cases there was no agreed consensus. It was observed that there was a consensus in multiple clinical recommendations that could help OTS specialists in the making of decisions in their clinical practice (AU)

Tromboprofilaxis con enoxaparina para artroplastia total de rodilla: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico comparando el inicio del tratamiento preoperatorio con el postoperatorio / Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin for total knee replacement: an observational, retrospective and multicentre study comparing starting the treatment before and after the operation

Objetivo. Las heparinas de bajo peso molecular son la primera opción en la profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en cirugía ortopédica mayor. El momento de inicio de su administración es controvertido. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la enoxaparina en los pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla comparando el inicio en el preoperatorio frente al postoperatorio. Métodos. Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, retrospectivo, de práctica clínica habitual, para determinar la incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda y/o tromboembolismo pulmonar sintomáticos en la artroplastia total de rodilla. La tromboprofilaxis fue la pauta habitual de cada centro. Se incluyeron pacientes que recibieron enoxaparina 40mg/24h, bien la primera dosis 12h antes de la cirugía (±2h) (G-PRE) o entre 6 y 12h después de la misma (G-POST). El objetivo principal de seguridad fue la hemorragia. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariante para determinar la influencia real de cada variable. Resultados. Se recogieron datos de 2.014 pacientes, de los que 1.440 fueron incluidos para el análisis de eficacia (782/1.440, 54% del G-PRE, y 658/1.440, 46% del G-POST). La incidencia media de eventos trombóticos sintomáticos fue de 1,67% (24/1.440). La incidencia de trombosis venosa profunda en el G-PRE fue del 1,15% frente al 1,22% en el G-POST (p=0,569 después del análisis multivariante) y la incidencia de tromboembolismo pulmonar fue del 0,51% frente al 0,76% respectivamente (p=0,582 después del análisis multivariante). Para el análisis de seguridad se incluyeron 1.422 pacientes. Hubo sangrado significativo en 59/788 del G-PRE y en 35/634 del G-POST (7,49 frente al 5,52% respectivamente; p=0,138). Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que la tromboprofilaxis con enoxaparina (40mg/24h sc) en pacientes intervenidos de artroplastia total de rodilla presenta un perfil de eficacia y seguridad similar cuando se inicia su administración 12h antes de la cirugía o entre 6 y 12h después de la misma(AU)

Objective. The low molecular weight heparins are the first option for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic disease in major orthopaedic surgery. The time of starting their administration is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in patients subjected to total knee replacement comparing the starting of it before and after the surgery. Methods. An observational, retrospective and multicentre study of normal clinical practice to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary thromboembolism in total knee replacement surgery. Thromboprophylaxis was normal practice in each centre. Patients were included if they received the first dose of 40mg/24h of enoxaparin either 12h (± 2h) before the surgery (G-PRE) or between 6 and 12hours after the surgery (G-POST). The main safety objective was haemorrhage. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the real influence of each variable. Results. Data was collected from 2014 patients, of whom 1440 were included for the analysis of efficacy (782/1440, 54% of the G-PRE and 658/1440, 46% of the G-POST). The mean incidence of symptomatic thrombotic events was 1.67% (24/1440). The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in the G-PRE was 1.15% compared to 1.22% in the G-POST (P=.569 after multivariate analysis) and the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism was 0.51 compared to 0.76%, respectively (P=.582 after multivariate analysis). A total of 1422 patients were included for the safety analysis. There was significant bleeding in 59/788 of the G-PRE and in 35/634 of the G-POST (7.49% compared to 5.52%, respectively, P=.138). Conclusions. These results suggest that thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin (40mg/24h sc) in patients subjected to total knee replacement surgery has a similar safety and effective profile when it is given 12hours before the surgery or between 6 and 12hours afterwards(AU)

[Thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin for total knee replacement: an observational, retrospective and multicentre study comparing starting the treatment before and after the operation]. / Tromboprofilaxis con enoxaparina para artroplastia total de rodilla: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y multicéntrico comparando el inicio del tratamiento preoperatorio con el postoperatorio.

OBJECTIVE: The low molecular weight heparins are the first option for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic disease in major orthopaedic surgery. The time of starting their administration is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of enoxaparin in patients subjected to total knee replacement comparing the starting of it before and after the surgery. METHODS: An observational, retrospective and multicentre study of normal clinical practice to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary thromboembolism in total knee replacement surgery. Thromboprophylaxis was normal practice in each centre. Patients were included if they received the first dose of 40 mg/24 h of enoxaparin either 12 h (± 2 h) before the surgery (G-PRE) or between 6 and 12 hours after the surgery (G-POST). The main safety objective was haemorrhage. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the real influence of each variable. RESULTS: Data was collected from 2014 patients, of whom 1440 were included for the analysis of efficacy (782/1440, 54% of the G-PRE and 658/1440, 46% of the G-POST). The mean incidence of symptomatic thrombotic events was 1.67% (24/1440). The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in the G-PRE was 1.15% compared to 1.22% in the G-POST (P=.569 after multivariate analysis) and the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism was 0.51 compared to 0.76%, respectively (P=.582 after multivariate analysis). A total of 1422 patients were included for the safety analysis. There was significant bleeding in 59/788 of the G-PRE and in 35/634 of the G-POST (7.49% compared to 5.52%, respectively, P=.138). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that thromboprophylaxis with enoxaparin (40 mg/24 h sc) in patients subjected to total knee replacement surgery has a similar safety and effective profile when it is given 12 hours before the surgery or between 6 and 12 hours afterwards.

Efficacy and safety of bemiparin compared with enoxaparin in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

In this randomized, multicenter, controlled, double-blind, sequential trial, 381 patients undergoing primary total knee replacement were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of either 3500 IU anti-factor Xa of bemiparin sodium, first dose 6 h after surgery, or 40 mg of enoxaparin, first dose 12 h before surgery, followed by daily doses for 10 +/- 2 days, for the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. The primary efficacy endpoint was venous thromboembolism up to postoperative day 10 +/- 2, defined as deep vein thrombosis detected by mandatory bilateral venography, documented symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and/or documented symptomatic pulmonary embolism. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. Eighty-seven percent of all randomized patients (333 of 381 patients) were evaluable for efficacy. The incidence of venous thromboembolism was 32.1% (53 of 165 patients) in the bemiparin group and 36.9% (62 of 168 patients) in the enoxaparin group. The absolute risk difference was 4.8% in favor of bemiparin [95% confidence interval (CI), -15.1% to 5.6%; non-inferiority P-value: 0.02; superiority P-value: 0.36]. The incidence of proximal deep vein thrombosis was 1.8% (three of 165 patients) in the bemiparin group and 4.2% (seven of 168 patients) in the enoxaparin group. Major bleeding occurred in six patients (three in each group). There were no deaths during the study. This trial shows that bemiparin started postoperatively is as effective and safe as enoxaparin started preoperatively in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee replacement.