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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Feb 23.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33619242

RESUMO

Newborn Screening Programs (NSP) in Spain were born in the city of Granada in 1968. Till the 1980s, they were developed around the so-called "National Plan for Preventing Subnormality", covering up to 30% of the Spanish newborns. From 1982, when the health system management was transferred to the different autonomous regions, the NSP began to expand, and the bases to transform them into an organized and multidisciplinary activity, integrated and coordinated from the National Health System were settled. Despite this expansion, it is not until the 1990s when their coverage reaches almost 100% newborns in Spain. NSP grew up asymmetrically across the different autonomous regions. In 2005 and 2006 the scientific societies SEQC (Spanish Society of Clinical Chemistry) and AECNE (Spanish Society of Newborn Screening), coordinated by the Health Promotion Area of the General Directorate of Public Health, gathered together the necessary information to elaborate a report on the NSP in Spain addressed to the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System. In July 2013, that Council approved the seven diseases that should be part of each region newborn screening panel, being the first step towards the NSP harmonization in Spain. Currently, the NSP include between 8 and 29 diseases in their panels, thus more still more efforts are needed in order to achieve a higher uniformity.


Los Programas de Cribado Neonatal (PCN) nacen en España en Granada en el año 1968. Posteriormente, y hasta los años 80, se fueron desarrollando en torno al llamado "Plan Nacional de Prevención de la Subnormalidad" con una cobertura cercana al 30% de los recién nacidos españoles. A partir de 1982, con el inicio de la gestión de la sanidad a las comunidades autónomas (CCAA), los PCN se expandieron y se comenzaron a sentar las bases para que éstos se convirtieran en una actividad organizada y multidisciplinar, integrados y coordinados desde el Sistema de Salud. A pesar de dicha expansión no es hasta el inicio de la década de los 90 cuando se consigue una cobertura próxima al 100% de los RN en España. Los PCN fueron creciendo de forma muy asimétrica en las diferentes CCAA y en los años 2005 y 2006 las Sociedades Científicas SEQC (Sociedad Española de Química Clínica) y AECNE (Asociación Española de Cribado Neonatal), con la coordinación del Área de Promoción de la Salud de la Dirección General de Salud Pública, recopilaron la información y elaboraron un informe, sobre los PCN en España para el Consejo Interterritorial del sistema Nacional de Salud (CISNS). En julio de 2013 este Consejo aprobó las siete enfermedades que debían formar parte del panel de detección de los PCN territoriales, primer paso hacia la armonización de estos programas. Actualmente, los PCN incluyen entre 8 y 29 enfermedades por lo que es necesario seguir trabajando para conseguir una mayor uniformidad.


Assuntos
Triagem Neonatal/história , Triagem Neonatal/organização & administração , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Espanha
2.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Jan 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33496272

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones are essential for normal brain development, with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) being the most frequent cause of mental retardation that can be prevented. The early detection of CH is of primary interest in Public Health and Preventive Medicine and is included in neonatal screening programs. In newborns detected and starting treatment in the first days of life, morbidity, mortality and possible disabilities associated with the disease are reduced. The objective of the review was to highlight the relevance of HC detection programs, to know the current situation at the national and global level and the challenges and future prospects. METHODS: The review was based on the selection of studies and reviews of the disease and published studies of different screening programs for the detection of CH. As sources of information, bibliographic reference bases, guides and / or protocols of scientific societies, documents of technological evaluation agencies and documents of official organizations have been used. RESULTS: In all the references consulted, it has been possible to verify based on the cases detected, positive predictive value and prevalences that the early detection of CH has been highly efficient for the diagnosis of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal screening for primary CH is an example of success in public health. Lines of research are needed to clarify whether other moderate forms of CH benefit from early detection and treatment.


OBJETIVO: Las hormonas tiroideas son fundamentales para un desarrollo cerebral normal, siendo el hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) la causa más frecuente de retraso mental que se puede prevenir. La detección precoz del HC es de interés primordial en Salud Pública y Medicina Preventiva y está incluida en los programas de cribado neonatal. En los recién nacidos detectados y que inician tratamiento en los primeros días de vida se consigue reducir la morbilidad, mortalidad y las posibles discapacidades asociadas a la enfermedad. El objetivo de la revisión fue poner de manifiesto la relevancia que tienen los programas de detección del HC, conocer la situación actual a nivel nacional y mundial y los desafíos y perspectivas de futuro. METODOS: La revisión se ha basado en la selección de estudios y revisiones de la enfermedad y de estudios publicados de diferentes programas de cribado para la detección del HC. Como fuentes de información se han utilizado bases de referencias bibliográficas, guías y/o protocolos de sociedades científicas, documentos de agencias tecnológicas evaluadoras y documentos de organismos oficiales. RESULTADOS: En todas las referencias consultadas se ha podido constatar en función de los casos detectados, valor predictivo positivo y prevalencias que la detección precoz del HC ha resultado de una gran eficiencia para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: El cribado neonatal del HC primario es un ejemplo de éxito en salud pública. Son necesarias líneas de investigación para aclarar si otras formas moderadas del HC se benefician de su detección y tratamiento precoz.


Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Triagem Neonatal , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Espanha
3.
Adv Lab Med ; 2(4): 567-574, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37360896

RESUMO

Objectives: Hereditary xanthinuria is a rare, autosomal and recessive disorder characterized by severe hypouricemia and increased xanthine excretion, caused by a deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO, EC: 1.17.1.4/1.17.3.2) in type I, or by a deficiency of XDH/XO and aldehyde oxidase (AOX, EC: 1.2.3.1) in type II. Methods: We describe a novel point mutation in the XDH gene in homozygosis found in a patient with very low serum and urine levels of uric acid, together with xanthinuria. He was asymptomatic but renal calculi were discovered during imaging. Results: Additional cases were found in his family and dietary recommendations were made in order to prevent further complications. Conclusions: Hereditary xanthinuria is an underdiagnosed pathology, often found in a routine analysis that shows hypouricemia. It is important for Laboratory Medicine to acknowledge how to guide clinicians in the diagnosis.

4.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33323918

RESUMO

Galician newborn screening program for early detection of endocrine and metabolic diseases began in 1978 and was a pioneer in expanded newborn screening in Spain with the incorporation of mass spectrometry in July 2000. As a primary objective, 28 diseases are screened, including those recommended SNS except sickle cell anemia which is in the inclusion phase. In its 20-year history, 404,616 newborns (nb) have been analyzed, identifying 547 cases affected by the diseases included, with a global incidence of 1: 739 newborns and 1: 1.237 of the screened inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (1:1.580 nb if excluding benign hyperphenylalaninemia-HPA), with an average participation of 99.35%, progressively higher during the analyzed period. Among the pathologies screened, congenital hypothyroidism (1:2.211 nb), cystinuria (1:4.129 nb) and HPA (1:5.699 nb), followed by phenylketonuria and cystic fibrosis (1:10,936 nb) stand out for their incidence. Sixty-six cases of false positives were identified (seventeen of them in relation to maternal pathology) and five false negatives, being the overall PPV and NPV of the program respectively of 89.2% and 99.99%, with a sensitivity of 99.09% and a specificity of 99.98%. The mortality rate of diagnosed CME patients is 1.52%, with eleven cases presenting symptoms prior to the screening result (2%). The intelligence quotient of IEM patients at risk of neurological involvement is normal in more than 95% of cases.


El Programa Gallego para la Detección Precoz de Enfermedades Endocrinas y Metabólicas se inició en 1978 y fue pionero en España en el cribado neonatal ampliado con la incorporación de la espectrometría de masas en julio de 2000. Como objetivo primario se criban veintiocho enfermedades, incluyendo las de la cartera básica del Servicio Nacional de Salud excepto la anemia de células falciformes, que está en fase de inclusión. En sus veinte años de trayectoria se analizaron 404.616 recién nacidos (RN), identificando 547 casos afectos de las enfermedades incluidas, con una incidencia global de 1:739 RN vivos y de 1:1.237 RN de las enfermedades metabólicas congénitas (EMC) cribadas (1:1.580 RN excluyendo la hiperfenilalaninemia benigna-HPA), con una participación media del 99,35%, progresivamente creciente durante el período analizado. Entre las patologías cribadas destacan por su incidencia el hipotirodismo congénito (1:2.211 RN), la cistinuria (1:4.129 RN) y la HPA (1:5.699 RN), seguida de fenilcetonuria y fibrosis quística (1:10.936 RN). Se identificaron sesenta y seis casos de falsos positivos (diecisiete de los mismos en relación con patología materna) y cinco falsos negativos, siendo el VPP (valor predictivo positivo) y el VPN (valor predictivo negativo) global del programa del 89,2% y 99,99%, respectivamente, con una sensibilidad de 99,09% y una especificidad del 99,98%. La tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes con EMC diagnosticados fue del 1,52%, presentando once casos sintomatología previa al resultado del cribado (2%). El cociente intelectual de los pacientes con EMC y riesgo de afectación neurológica es normal en más del 95% de los casos.


Assuntos
Hipotireoidismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Triagem Neonatal , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/epidemiologia , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/epidemiologia , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/normas , Triagem Neonatal/tendências , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 94: 0-0, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200462

RESUMO

El Programa Gallego para la Detección Precoz de Enfermedades Endocrinas y Metabólicas se inició en 1978 y fue pionero en España en el cribado neonatal ampliado con la incorporación de la espectrometría de masas en julio de 2000. Como objetivo primario se criban veintiocho enfermedades, incluyendo las de la cartera básica del Servicio Nacional de Salud excepto la anemia de células falciformes, que está en fase de inclusión. En sus veinte años de trayectoria se analizaron 404.616 recién nacidos (RN), identificando 547 casos afectos de las enfermedades incluidas, con una incidencia global de 1:739 RN vivos y de 1:1.237 RN de las enfermedades metabólicas congénitas (EMC) cribadas (1:1.580 RN excluyendo la hiperfenilalaninemia benigna-HPA), con una participación media del 99,35%, progresivamente creciente durante el período analizado. Entre las patologías cribadas destacan por su incidencia el hipotirodismo congénito (1:2.211 RN), la cistinuria (1:4.129 RN) y la HPA (1:5.699 RN), seguida de fenilcetonuria y fibrosis quística (1:10.936 RN). Se identificaron sesenta y seis casos de falsos positivos (diecisiete de los mismos en relación con patología materna) y cinco falsos negativos, siendo el VPP (valor predictivo positivo) y el VPN (valor predictivo negativo) global del programa del 89,2% y 99,99%, respectivamente, con una sensibilidad de 99,09% y una especificidad del 99,98%. La tasa de mortalidad de los pacientes con EMC diagnosticados fue del 1,52%, presentando once casos sintomatología previa al resultado del cribado (2%). El cociente intelectual de los pacientes con EMC y riesgo de afectación neurológica es normal en más del 95% de los casos


Galician newborn screening program for early detection of endocrine and metabolic diseases began in 1978 and was a pioneer in expanded newborn screening in Spain with the incorporation of mass spectrometry in July 2000. As a primary objective, 28 diseases are screened, including those recommended SNS except sickle cell anemia which is in the inclusion phase. In its 20-year history, 404,616 newborns (nb) have been analyzed, identifying 547 cases affected by the diseases included, with a global incidence of 1: 739 newborns and 1: 1.237 of the screened inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) (1:1.580 nb if excluding benign hyperphenylalaninemia-HPA), with an average participation of 99.35%, progressively higher during the analyzed period. Among the pathologies screened, congenital hypothyroidism (1:2.211 nb), cystinuria (1:4.129 nb) and HPA (1:5.699 nb), followed by phenylketonuria and cystic fibrosis (1:10,936 nb) stand out for their incidence. Sixty-six cases of false positives were identified (seventeen of them in relation to maternal pathology) and five false negatives, being the overall PPV and NPV of the program respectively of 89.2% and 99.99%, with a sensitivity of 99.09% and a specificity of 99.98%. The mortality rate of diagnosed CME patients is 1.52%, with eleven cases presenting symptoms prior to the screening result (2%). The intelligence quotient of IEM patients at risk of neurological involvement is normal in more than 95% of cases


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Triagem Neonatal , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/epidemiologia , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Incidência , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/epidemiologia , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Triagem Neonatal/normas , Triagem Neonatal/tendências , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Espanha/epidemiologia , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
6.
Rev. lab. clín ; 12(4): 189-195, oct.-dic. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-187319

RESUMO

La espectrometría de masas en tándem (MS-MS) ha permitido ampliar el alcance del cribado neonatal. Eso hace más complicado determinar el momento más adecuado para la toma de muestra, sobre todo en recién nacidos prematuros y/o bajo peso y/o ingresados en unidades neonatales. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido revisar las normas de toma de muestra de los distintos programas en estas situaciones, a nivel nacional e internacional. Se obtienen los datos a través de páginas web de salud pública, de plataformas de búsqueda o por contacto con los centros. Existe gran disparidad de criterios para la toma de una nueva muestra, incluso dentro de un mismo país. La limitación de información disponible, hizo imposible obtener resultados de muchos países, en particular de África, Asia o Latinoamérica. A pesar de que cada vez más estados se acogen a las recomendaciones del Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute u otros organismos internacionales, el aumento del coste que implica, hace muy difícil conseguir la estandarización


The most significant breakthrough in the newborn screening (NBS) programs was the introduction of the tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) to the laboratory, which makes it possible to detect multiple disorders. However, it is difficult to choose the ideal time for the specimen collection, particularly in preterm, low birth weight, and sick newborns. The aim of this study was to revise the protocols, in national and international programs for specimen collection in these newborns. Data were collected from web pages of public health, internet searches, and contact with the laboratories. The results showed a great disparity in criteria for a new specimen collection, as well as among different centres within a country. It has been difficult to obtain this information from many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Although an increasing number of laboratories follow the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or other international guidelines, the increased cost involved makes standardisation difficult


Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Triagem Neonatal/métodos , Coleta de Amostras Sanguíneas/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Doenças do Prematuro/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso
7.
Rev. lab. clín ; 5(4): 188-194, oct.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-107854

RESUMO

Introducción. Los programas para cribado neonatal utilizan muestras de sangre impregnada en papel, en ellas se determinan los marcadores de las patologías incluidas. La presencia de anticoagulantes en las muestras puede producir interferencias en los métodos de medida y se recomienda su no utilización. No es posible reconocer las muestras recogidas con anticoagulante. Material y métodos. Se desarrolló y optimizó un procedimiento por espectrometría de masas en tándem con electrospray (ESI-MS/MS) para la determinación de EDTA (ácido etilendiaminotetraacético) en las muestras de sangre en papel y se valoró su inclusión en el perfil de aminoácidos y acilcarnitinas utilizado para la detección precoz neonatal de enfermedades metabólicas. Se estudió su influencia sobre las medidas de tirotropina (TSH), realizadas para el cribado neonatal de hipotiroidismo congénito. Resultados. Se optimizaron los parámetros que permiten la medida de EDTA en el eluato de sangre. Se ha determinado TSH en sangre en papel, suero y plasma de un grupo de 110 muestras y EDTA en otro grupo de 2.300 muestras provenientes del programa de cribado neonatal detectando su presencia en un 0,74% de las mismas. Conclusiones. El método desarrollado es válido para la determinación de este anticoagulante y se puede incluir en el perfil de aminoácidos y acilcarnitinas por MS/MS para detectar aquellas muestras que se extrajeron inadecuadamente. Se ha confirmado la influencia negativa del EDTA en la determinación de TSH mediante un fluoroinmunoensayo (AutoDELFIA(R)). Esto podría provocar un falso negativo en el cribado neonatal de hipotiroidismo congénito (AU)


Introduction. Newborn screening programs use blood impregnated paper to analyze disease markers. The presence of EDTA in samples may interfere in the analytical methods used to measure these markers. For this reason, it is recommended not use anticoagulants in these samples. Moreover, it is not possible to recognize samples that have been collected into EDTA. Material and Methods. We developed and optimized an electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) method to determine EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) in dried blood spots (DBS) on paper. We also included the method in the amino acids and acylcarnitines profile used for metabolic diseases neonatal screening. We also studied the EDTA influence on thyrotropin (TSH) neonatal screening analysis. Results. Optimized parameters for EDTA analysis in the blood eluate were found. TSH analysis was performed on DBS, serum and plasma samples from 110 patients. EDTA analysis on 2000 neonatal screening samples detected 0.74% of cases with EDTA contamination. Conclusions. The negative influence of EDTA in the determination of TSH by fluoroimmunoassay (AutoDELFIA(R)) has been confirmed. This could cause a false negative in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. The developed method is valid for the determination of this blood anticoagulant and can be included in the profile of amino acids and acylcarnitines by MS / MS to detect those samples that were taken improperly (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/normas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/instrumentação , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Receptores da Tireotropina/análise , Tireotropina , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/classificação , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/tendências , Hipotireoidismo Congênito , Hipotireoidismo/diagnóstico , Medições Luminescentes/métodos
8.
J Child Neurol ; 26(12): 1522-4, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21642615

RESUMO

We determined the serum concentration of biotin, zinc, antiepileptic drugs, and biotinidase enzyme activity in 20 children treated with valproic acid, in 10 children treated with carbamazepine, and in 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the serum levels of biotin, and biotinidase enzyme activity between the patients treated with valproic acid, the patients treated with carbamazepine, and the control group. Zinc serum levels were lower in the patients treated with valproic acid and with carbamazepine than in the control group, but within the normal range. Hair loss was observed in 3 patients treated with valproic acid, with normal serum levels of biotin, zinc, and biotinidase activity, and the alopecia disappeared with the oral administration of biotin (10 mg/d) in 3 months. These results suggest that the treatment with valproic acid does not alter the serum levels of biotin, zinc, and biotinidase enzyme activity.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Biotina/sangue , Biotinidase/sangue , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/sangue , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Zinco/sangue , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
9.
J Child Neurol ; 25(1): 32-5, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19458381

RESUMO

There is evidence that valproic acid causes a reduction of serum biotinidase enzyme activity. We determined the serum concentration of antiepileptic drugs, transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transferase, ammonia, and biotinidase enzyme activity in 57 children treated with valproic acid, in 17 children treated with carbamazepine, and in 75 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the serum biotinidase enzyme activity between the patients treated with valproic acid, the patients treated with carbamazepine, and the control group. Hyperammonemia was detected in 8 patients treated with valproic acid. Hair loss was observed in 3 female patients treated with valproic acid, and the alopecia disappeared with the oral administration of biotin (10 mg/ d) in 3 months. These results suggest that the treatment with valproic acid does not alter the serum biotinidase enzyme activity.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Biotinidase/sangue , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Convulsões/sangue , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Amônia/sangue , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Carbamazepina/efeitos adversos , Carbamazepina/sangue , Criança , Feminino , Cabelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Hiperamonemia/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Caracteres Sexuais , Ácido Valproico/efeitos adversos , Ácido Valproico/sangue , gama-Glutamiltransferase/sangue
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