RESUMO
Introduction: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. are microorganisms referred as the ESKAPE group pathogens. These microorganisms have generated great concern in health institutions around the world since most of them have resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause most infections associated with healthcare, as well as community infections. The aim of this study was the analysis of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms of the ESKAPE group, recovered from clinical samples in 11 health institutions from Hermosillo and Ciudad Obregón in the State of Sonora, México, during the period from 2019 to 2020. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and temporality epidemiological study was carried out. A comparative and statistical analysis of antibiotic resistance was carried out using the chi-square test, and small values were analyzed using Fisher's exact test p ≤ 0.05. Results and discussion: All the ESKAPE group microorganisms showed significant differences in antibiotic resistance percentages between both cities. High resistance percentages for some antibiotics, like cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin were detected for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii.
Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , México , HumanosRESUMO
Se evaluó la diversidad serológica y genética de cepas de Salmonella spp. aislada de campos de cultivo de melón Cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) y cilantro (Coriandrum sativum). Para identificar al patógeno se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas, serología, susceptibilidad a antibióticos y caracterización por PFGE. Se encontraron 11 muestras contaminadas de los campos de cilantro y 7 de los de melón. Se aisló Salmonella anatum y S. give, principalmente. Solo una de las cepas presentó resistencia a tobramicina. El PFGE mostró que cepas del mismo serogrupo, produjeron patrones electroforéticos similares y el análisis polifásico desplegó cinco grupos distintos con similitud menor al 35%. Es necesario intensificar las buenas prácticas agrícolas y de producción, ya que los serogrupos identificados han sido involucrados en brotes epidémicos. Por otro lado, el análisis polifásico mostró variabilidad genómica y además permite suponer que las cepas de S. give son clonales, no así para S. anatum, que estuvo presente en diferentes muestras.
The serological and genetic diversity of Salmonella spp. strains isolated from Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) fields were evaluated. Biochemical test, serology, antibiotic resistance and PFGE were performed to identify isolated strains. Eleven contaminated samples from coriander fields were found, and seven from melon fields. The serogroups identified were mainly Salmonella anatum and S. give. Only one strain was resistant to tobramicyn. PFGE showed five electrophoretic profiles, in agreement with the identified serotypes and in the polyphasic analysis five clusters were observed (<35% similarity). It is necessary to implement good agricultural and production practices, since identified serogroups have been involved in epidemic outbreaks. Moreover, the polyphasic analysis showed genomic variability and also suggests that strains of S. give are clonal. It is not the same for S. anatum strains, which were isolated from different samples.
Avaliou-se a diversidade sorológica e genética de cepas de Salmonella spp. isolada de campos de cultivo de melão Cantalupo (Cucumis melo) e coentro (Coriandrum sativum). Para identificar ao patógeno foram realizadas provas bioquímicas, sorologia, suscetibilidade a antibióticos e caracterização por PFGE. Encontraram-se 11 amostras contaminadas dos campos de coentro e 7 dos de melão. Isolou-se Salmonella anatum e S. give, principalmente. Somente uma das cepas apresentou resistência à tobramicina. O PFGE mostrou que cepas do mesmo sorogrupo, produziram padrões eletroforéticos similares e a análise polifásica desprendeu cinco grupos distintos com similitude menor a 35%. É necessário intensificar as boas práticas agrícolas e de produção, já que os sorogrupos identificados têm sido envolvidos em surtos epidêmicos. Por outro lado, a análise polifásica mostrou variabilidade genômica e além disso permite supor que as cepas de S. give são clonais, não sendo assim para S. anatum, que esteve presente em diferentes amostras.
