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1.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(8): 413-420, nov.-dic. 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117230

RESUMO

Introducción. Pretendemos valorar la idoneidad de los criterios STOPP/START para su utilización en el ámbito de atención primaria (AP) en España. Material y método. Estudio observacional transversal con metodología RAND a 2 rondas realizado en la Gerencia de AP de Vigo con 582.968 habitantes (24% ≥>= 65 años). El grupo de expertos fue constituido por la comisión de farmacia del área, con 12 miembros de diversas especialidades. En una primera ronda, se proporciona a la comisión bibliografía relevante y un cuestionario con los criterios STOPP/START para puntuar la idoneidad en AP con una escala Likert del 1-9 (mínimo, máximo). Cada criterio se clasifica en función de la mediana de las puntuaciones obtenidas y su grado de acuerdo. En una segunda ronda, los expertos debaten los criterios dudosos y las sugerencias aportadas. Resultados. La mayoría de los criterios se consideran apropiados, proponiendo una nueva versión AP2012 con las siguientes diferencias: eliminar START E2 «Bifosfonatos en pacientes que reciben corticoesteroides orales a dosis de mantenimiento»; eliminar START F3 «Antiagregantes plaquetarios en la diabetes mellitus si coexisten uno o más factores mayores de riesgo cardiovascular»; modificar STOPP A9, A15, A16, A17 y E5 y START A1 y A2, por referirse solo a la warfarina y se añade acenocumarol, habitual en nuestro medio, e introducir STOPP C6 «Uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) fuera de sus indicaciones autorizadas». Conclusiones. Los criterios STOPP/START son adecuados para su uso en el ámbito de AP pero es necesaria su adaptación y actualización periódica (AU)


Introduction: A new screenings tool called STOPP/START has been formulated to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of STOPP/START criteria in primary health care (PHC) in Spain. Material and method: The RAND Appropriateness Method was used to obtain agreement on STOPP/START criteria with two rounds in Vigo PHC with 582.968 inhabitants (24% >=65 years). The pharmacotherapy committee of Vigo PHC area was identified as expert panel, with 12 members from different specialties. In the first round, the committee was provided with relevant literature and a questionnaire with STOPP/START criteria to rate their applicability in PHC with a 9-point Likert scale. Then, each of the criteria was classified according to the median scores and the degree of agreement. In the second round, the experts discussed the undecided criteria and suggestions. Results: Most of the criteria were appropriate. We present a new version with the following differences: to remove START E2 «Biphosphonates in patients taking maintenance oral corticosteroid therapy»; to remove START F3 «Antiplatelet therapy in diabetes mellitus with coexisting major cardiovascular risk factors»; to modify STOPP A9, A15, A16, A17 and E5; and START A1 and A2, adding acenocoumarol to all of them because acenocoumarol is the most used anticoagulant in our country and they only refer to warfarin, and to introduce STOPP C6: «Use of proton pump inhibitors without authorized indication». Conclusions: Criteria STOPP/START are suitable for use PHC but it is necessary to adapt and update them periodically (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Uso Off-Label/ética , Uso Off-Label/legislação & jurisprudência , Uso Off-Label/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Varfarina/uso terapêutico , Acenocumarol/uso terapêutico , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Semergen ; 39(8): 413-20, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24230489

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A new screenings tool called STOPP/START has been formulated to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of STOPP/START criteria in primary health care (PHC) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The RAND Appropriateness Method was used to obtain agreement on STOPP/START criteria with two rounds in Vigo PHC with 582.968 inhabitants (24% ≥ 65 years). The pharmacotherapy committee of Vigo PHC area was identified as expert panel, with 12 members from different specialties. In the first round, the committee was provided with relevant literature and a questionnaire with STOPP/START criteria to rate their applicability in PHC with a 9-point Likert scale. Then, each of the criteria was classified according to the median scores and the degree of agreement. In the second round, the experts discussed the undecided criteria and suggestions. RESULTS: Most of the criteria were appropriate. We present a new version with the following differences: to remove START E2 «Biphosphonates in patients taking maintenance oral corticosteroid therapy¼; to remove START F3 «Antiplatelet therapy in diabetes mellitus with coexisting major cardiovascular risk factors¼; to modify STOPP A9, A15, A16, A17 and E5; and START A1 and A2, adding acenocoumarol to all of them because acenocoumarol is the most used anticoagulant in our country and they only refer to warfarin, and to introduce STOPP C6: «Use of proton pump inhibitors without authorized indication¼. CONCLUSIONS: Criteria STOPP/START are suitable for use PHC but it is necessary to adapt and update them periodically.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos/normas , Prescrição Inadequada/prevenção & controle , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Espanha
4.
Pharm. care Esp ; 14(3): 110-121, mayo-jun. 2012. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108968

RESUMO

Objetivos: Diseño y validación de una metodología que permita evaluar los conocimientos y las actitudes de los farmacéuticos comunitarios de Pontevedra sobre farmacovigilancia. Presentar los resultados de la muestra participante en el proceso de validación. Método: Un comité de redacción, formado por ocho farmacéuticos con experiencia en el diseño y la validación de cuestionarios, elaboró el cuestionario (actitudes y conocimientos). Posteriormente, se aplicó el método Delphi y se replantearon algunas preguntas, con lo que se obtuvo el cuestionario definitivo. Se analizó la viabilidad, el grado de validez y la fiabilidad, evaluando la consistencia interna mediante el índice de Cronbach, y su estabilidad con la prueba del test-retest mediante envío a todos los farmacéuticos comunitarios de Pontevedra. Resultados: Se obtuvo un cuestionario psicométrico multidimensional y autoadministrado, con 14 ítems que valoran las actitudes positivas y negativas mediante una escala Likert de 5 puntos y 10 preguntas sobre conocimientos. Se recibieron 188 cuestionarios (de un 18,72% de los farmacéuticos comunitarios de la provincia). El tiempo para contestarlo era menor de 10 minutos. La administración resultó viable. Validez de contenido: Nota media (método Delphi) de 4,3563 (alfa= 0,3880) sobre 5. Consistencia interna: Alfa de Cronbach de 0,72. Reproducibilidad: Coefi ciente de correlación intraclase de 0,83. Conclusiones: Se validó una metodología para evaluar los conocimientos y las actitudes sobre farmacovigilancia de los farmacéuticos comunitarios de Pontevedra. Las preguntas con mayor porcentaje de error corresponden a definiciones modificadas en el Real Decreto 1.344/2007. Complacencia, ignorancia y subestimación son las actitudes negativas, y el interés y la demanda las positivas, sobre las que hay que intervenir para mejorar la notificación espontánea por parte de los farmacéuticos comunitarios(AU)


Aims: To design and validate a methodology for the evaluation of knowledge and attitudes levels of community pharmacists of Pontevedra (CPh) in pharmacovigilance. To present the results of the participated sample in the validation process. Method: A drafting committee consisting of 8 pharmacists with experience in the design and validation of questionnaires drafted the questionnaire (attitudes and knowledge). Afterwards, we did apply the Delphi method and reexamined some questions. This led the final questionnaire presentation. Viability, degree of validity and reliability were analyzed and internal consistency was evaluated by applying Cronbach code and its stability with test-retest test-method by sending it to all CPh of Pontevedra. Results: A multidimensional, self-administered and psychometric questionnaire was obtained, with 14 items that evaluate positive and negative attitudes by a 5-point Likert scale and 10 knowledge questions. 188 questionnaires were received (18.72% of CPh were from the province). Answering time was less than 10 minutes. The administration was feasible. Content validity: Average rating (Delphi method) 4.3563 (alpha = 0.3880) of 5. Internal consistency: Cronbach’s alpha 0.72. Reproducibility: intraclass correlation degree 0.83. Conclusions: A methodology to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of CPh of Pontevedra province about FV was validated. Questions with more errors correspond to modifi ed defi nitions in RD 1344/2007. Complacency, ignorance and low estimation are negative attitudes and Interest & Demand are the positive ones which will be worked on to improve spontaneous reporting by the CPh(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Farmacovigilância , Farmácias/organização & administração , Psicometria/métodos , Psicometria/tendências , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/instrumentação , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Psicometria/organização & administração
5.
Pharm. care Esp ; 13(3): 104-113, mayo-jun. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-108645

RESUMO

Introducción: Por parte de diversas instituciones se está haciendo un gran esfuerzo en la difusión de los procedimientos de atención farmacéutica (AF). Con el presente trabajo se pretende comprobar los resultados de una acción formativa orientada a la AF en dolor osteomuscular y valorar mediante la técnica del paciente simulado el grado de incorporación de los protocolos de dispensación e indicación a la práctica profesional de la farmacia comunitaria. Método: Estudio prospectivo longitudinal controlado llevado a cabo en farmacias de la provincia de Pontevedra (España). Se constituyó un grupo de intervención con las farmacias en las que al menos un farmacéutico asistió al curso de apoyo a la acción del Plan Estratégico para la Implantación de la Atención Farmacéutica. El grupo control lo formaron farmacias próximas a las anteriores y en las que ningún farmacéutico asistió al curso. Todas las farmacias fueron visitadas antes y después del curso por pacientes simulados que escenificaban una consulta de indicación y solicitaban una dispensación. Resultados: La media de preguntas que realizan los farmacéuticos al aplicar el protocolo de indicación aumenta de forma estadísticamente significativa: 2,03 ± 0,93 frente a 2,77 ± 1,3 (p= 0,0286). Aumentan asimismo los farmacéuticos que proponen tratamiento oral y consejos no farmacológicos. La media de preguntas que realizan los farmacéuticos al aplicar el protocolo de dispensación aumenta pero no de forma estadísticamente significativa: 0,17 ± 0,65 frente a 0,87 ± 1,83 (p= 0,1067). Al fi nal no hay diferencias significativas entre los grupos en relación con el número de preguntas que los farmacéuticos realizan en los procedimientos de indicación y dispensación. Conclusiones: La acción formativa mejora ligeramente el grado de implantación de los protocolos de dispensación e indicación en las farmacias participantes, pese a lo cual todavía es bajo(AU)


Introduction: Different institutions are doing a great effort in spreading the procedures of pharmaceutical dispensation (PD). With the present work it is pretended to proof the results of a formative oriented action of the PD in musculoskeletal pain and value through a technique of the simulated patient the great of incorporation of the protocols of dispensation and indication to the professional practice of the community pharmacy. Method: Prospective longitudinal controlled study which took place in pharmacies of the province of Pontevedra, Spain. It was done by an intervention group with the pharmacies in which at least one pharmacist attended the course of action of the Strategic Plan for the Implantation of the Pharmaceutical Dispensation. The control group was formed by pharmacies close to the ones before mentioned of which none of the pharmacists assisted to the course. All the pharmacies were visited before and after the course by simulated patients whom play acted as in an indication consultation and asked for dispensation of a medication. Results: The mean of the questions that the pharmacists do when applying the indication protocol increases in a statistically significant way: 2.03 ± 0.93 vs. 2.77 ± 1.3 (p= 0.0286). The amount of pharmacists whom propose oral treatment and none pharmacologic counseling increase. The mean of questions that are done by the pharmacists when applying the dispensation protocol increase in a non statistically significant way: 0.17 ± 0.65 vs. 0.87 ± 1.83 (p= 0.1067). There are no significant differences between the groups at the end, the number of questions which the pharmaceutics do in the procedures of indication or dispensation. Conclusions: The educational action improves lightly the grade of implantation in the protocols of dispensation and indication of the pharmacies that participated, in spite it still continues being low(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Formas de Dosagem/normas , Dor Musculoesquelética/tratamento farmacológico , Sistema Musculoesquelético , Farmácias/organização & administração , Farmácias/normas , Farmácias , Assistência Farmacêutica , Assistência Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Assistência Farmacêutica/normas , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais/normas , Estudos Longitudinais
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