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1.
Arch. med. deporte ; 40(1): 24-29, Ene. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-218779

RESUMO

Introducción: Debido a los cambios demográficos de fecundidad y mortalidad se predice que en el año 2050 la proporciónde la población mundial de 60 años y más, aumentará del 11% al 22%.Objetivo: Analizar los efectos del entrenamiento intervalado de alta-intensidad en el adulto mayor sano. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y ScienceDirect,con la utilización de los términos boleanos High-intensity Interval excercise OR High-intensity interval training OR high intensityinterval activity AND aged OR older adult OR elderly. Se utilizó la estrategia PICoR para definir criterios de elegibilidad (P) Adultosmayores sanos, (I) Utilizar Entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT), (C) ser sometidos a evaluación mediante la escalade PEDRO y obtener en esta un puntaje igual o superior a 6 puntos, (O) efecto del entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensi-dad en el Adulto Mayor sano (S) estudios con grupos control u otras intervenciones, publicados entre los años 2016 a 2021.Resultados: Se identificaron 1.516 artículos, pero solo se incluyeron los que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (7estudios). Se obtuvieron mejoras significativas en la calidad de sueño, fatiga y composición corporal combinando un entre-namiento HIIT con apoyo nutricional. Otras mejoras se obtuvieron en fuerza, hormonas anabólicas, lípidos en sangre, Vo2máx,tolerancia al ejercicio y PA sistólica solo utilizando entrenamiento HIIT.Conclusión: El entrenamiento HIIT adaptado, es aplicable a adultos mayores sanos y provoca mejoras significativas en estegrupo etario.(AU)


Introduction: Due to demographic changes in fertility and mortality, it is predicted that in 2050 the proportion of the worldpopulation aged 60 and over will increase from 11% to 22%.Objective: To analyze the effects of high-intensity interval training in healthy older adults. Material and method: A bibliographic search was carried out in the following Pubmed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases,using the Boolean terms High-intensity interval excercise OR High-intensity interval training OR high intensity interval activityAND aged OR older adult OR elderly. The PICoR strategy was used to define eligibility criteria (P) Healthy Older Adults, (I) UseHigh Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), (C) be subjected to evaluation using the PEDRO scale and obtain a score equal to orgreater than 6 points, (O) effect of high-intensity interval training in Adults Healthy elderly (S) studies with control groups orother interventions, published between the years 2016 to 2021.Results: 1.516 articles were identified, but only those that met the inclusion criteria (7 studies) were included. Significantimprovements in sleep quality, fatigue, and body composition were obtained by combining HIIT training with nutritionalsupport. Other improvements were obtained in strength, anabolic hormones, blood lipids, VO2max, exercise tolerance, andsystolic BP using only HIIT training.Conclusion: The adapted HIIT training is applicable to healthy older adults and causes significant improvements in this agegroup.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Exercício Físico , Qualidade de Vida , Atividade Motora , Fadiga , Saúde do Idoso , Medicina Esportiva
2.
Front Psychol ; 13: 915314, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36059745

RESUMO

Physical activity plays an important role in the well-being and development of adolescents. Physical activity habits expressed in terms of frequency and duration are consistently associated with sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and socioeconomic status. However, there is less evidence of the relationship between the type and context of physical activity in adolescents. The aim of this article is to analyze physical activity habits and their relationship with sociodemographic factors in Chilean adolescents. The cross-sectional study consisted of 7,263 adolescents aged between 10 and 20 years old, students from both public and private schools in all regions of Chile. Physical activity habits were examined by means of a self-report questionnaire. The age groups were classified according to the three stages of adolescence (early: 10 to 13, middle: 14 to 16, and late: 17 to 20 years old). Socioeconomic level was established based on the school vulnerability index (SVI) of the school attended by each adolescent. In the study it was obvious to the level of physical activity for the adolescents was below the international recommendations. A statistically significant association can also be found between the sociodemographic factors studied and the physical activity habits reported by the young people. The multivariate regression analysis established that the risk of not achieving the physical activity recommendations was 2.8 times higher in females than in males, 2.4 times higher in the older age groups (14-16 and 17-20 years old) compared to the 10-13-year age range and 1.1 times in the medium and high vulnerability groups than in the low socioeconomic vulnerability group. These findings highlight the importance of considering all these factors holistically whenever designing programs or public policies that promote the development of healthy physical activity habits in adolescents.

3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33920935

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The effect of two physical training methods on older adults should be investigated in greater depth and its results shared with the community. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of two types of physical training on the functional features associated with the cognitive state and the effect on a physiological mediator of growth hormone (IGF-1) in older women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quasi-experimental study that included 12 weeks of training in two groups divided into resistance and aerobic training. The study included a population of 113 women aged 69.39 ± 6.48 years from Talcahuano, Chile. All participants were randomly assigned to either group. The MINIMENTAL test was used to examine the executive functions of cognitive state and blood concentration of IGF-1, which was also used to examine neurotrophic factors. For the assessment of physical condition, an indirect test was used for the maximum mass displaced in one repetition (1RM) by the limbs and the TM6 test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption. RESULTS: Significant differences between the groups with respect to the total score obtained in the MINIMENTAL test (EG1 = 28.13 ± 2.26; EG2 = 28.57 ± 1.83 and CG = 23.47 ± 2.80; ANOVA; p = 0.000) were observed. A post hoc analysis revealed no significant differences when examining executive functions individually between groups (Bonferroni; p > 0.05). An increase in the neurotrophic factor IGF-1 was also recorded in the training groups (EG1 p = 0.014 and EG2 p = 0.005). The pre- and post-test showed large differences in magnitude in the resistance training group (ES = 0.9; 20.41% change). CONCLUSION: Both workouts produce an overall improvement in the functions associated with cognitive status and increase blood concentrations of IGF-1 in older adults.


Assuntos
Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Chile , Cognição , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Consumo de Oxigênio
4.
Nutr. hosp ; 37(6): 1166-1172, nov.-dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198308

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: actualmente, el ejercicio físico practicado de manera regular es la mejor herramienta disponible para fomentar el bienestar de las personas y una mejor salud. OBJETIVO: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de condición física y el estado nutricional, así como la relación entre estos, en estudiantes de enseñanza básica de la ciudad de Chillán. MÉTODOS: el estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal y relacional. Participaron 2500 estudiantes. Para evaluar la condición física se utilizaron los siguientes test: Wells y Dillons (flexibilidad), Sargent Test (potencia miembros inferiores), Test de 1 Milla de la AAPHARD (capacidad aeróbica) y Abdominales en 30 segundos (capacidad muscular localizada). RESULTADOS: al comparar por sexos, los hombres presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en las variables físicas de capacidad aeróbica (p = 0,00), abdominales (p = 0,00) y salto (p = 0,00); solo en el caso de la flexibilidad las mujeres presentaron mejores resultados (p = 0,01). Al relacionar el IMC con la capacidad física se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos, es decir: a mayor IMC, menor es la cantidad de abdominales realizados (r = -0,032; r = -0,084, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente) y la capacidad aeróbica (r = -0,063 y r = -0,023, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente). En flexibilidad y salto se observa una correlación positiva, aunque esta es insignificante. CONCLUSIÓN: los hombres y las mujeres con normopeso presentan una mejor condición física en comparación con quienes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. En cuanto al sexo, los hombres presentan una mejor condición física salvo en la prueba de flexibilidad, donde las mujeres presentan los mejores resultados. Además, se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos entre la condición física y la composición corporal, donde un IMC elevado se traduce en un bajo nivel de rendimiento físico


INTRODUCTION: currently, regular physical exercise is the best tool available to promote people's well-being and improve their health. OBJECTIVE: the objective of the study was to determine the level of physical condition and nutritional status, as well as the relationship between them, in elementary school students in the city of Chillán. METHODS: the study is of the descriptive, cross-sectional, relational type. A total of 2500 students participated. To evaluate physical condition, the followingtests were used: Wells and Dillons (flexibility), Sargent Test (lower limb power), AAPHARD's 1-Mile Test (cardiorespiratory resistance), and Sit-ups in 30 seconds (localized muscular resistance). RESULTS: when comparing by sex, men presented significant statistical differences in the physical variables of aerobic capacity (p = 0.00), situps (p = 0.00) and jumping (p = 0.00); only in the case of flexibility did women present better results (p = 0.01). When relating BMI to physical capacity a negative relationship is observed in both sexes-that is, the higher the BMI, the lower the amount of sit-ups (r = -0.032; r = -0.084, women and men, respectively) and aerobic capacity (r = -0.063 and r = -0.023, women and men, respectively). In flexibility and jump a positive though negligible correlation was observed. CONCLUSION: normal-weight men and women have a better physical condition as compared to those with overweight or obesity. As for sex, men have a better physical condition except for the flexibility test, where women obtain the best results. In addition, a negative relationship is observed in both sexes between physical condition and body composition, where a high BMI results in a low level of physical performance


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Valor Nutritivo/fisiologia , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Composição Corporal , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Antropometria , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia
5.
Nutr Hosp ; 37(6): 1166-1172, 2020 Dec 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33119391

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: currently, regular physical exercise is the best tool available to promote people's well-being and improve their health. Objective: the objective of the study was to determine the level of physical condition and nutritional status, as well as the relationship between them, in elementary school students in the city of Chillán. Methods: the study is of the descriptive, cross-sectional, relational type. A total of 2500 students participated. To evaluate physical condition, the followingtests were used: Wells and Dillons (flexibility), Sargent Test (lower limb power), AAPHARD's 1-Mile Test (cardiorespiratory resistance), and Sit-ups in 30 seconds (localized muscular resistance). Results: when comparing by sex, men presented significant statistical differences in the physical variables of aerobic capacity (p = 0.00), sit-ups (p = 0.00) and jumping (p = 0.00); only in the case of flexibility did women present better results (p = 0.01). When relating BMI to physical capacity a negative relationship is observed in both sexes-that is, the higher the BMI, the lower the amount of sit-ups (r = -0.032; r = -0.084, women and men, respectively) and aerobic capacity (r = -0.063 and r = -0.023, women and men, respectively). In flexibility and jump a positive though negligible correlation was observed. Conclusion: normal-weight men and women have a better physical condition as compared to those with overweight or obesity. As for sex, men have a better physical condition except for the flexibility test, where women obtain the best results. In addition, a negative relationship is observed in both sexes between physical condition and body composition, where a high BMI results in a low level of physical performance.


INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: actualmente, el ejercicio físico practicado de manera regular es la mejor herramienta disponible para fomentar el bienestar de las personas y una mejor salud. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de condición física y el estado nutricional, así como la relación entre estos, en estudiantes de enseñanza básica de la ciudad de Chillán. Métodos: el estudio es de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal y relacional. Participaron 2500 estudiantes. Para evaluar la condición física se utilizaron los siguientes test: Wells y Dillons (flexibilidad), Sargent Test (potencia miembros inferiores), Test de 1 Milla de la AAPHARD (capacidad aeróbica) y Abdominales en 30 segundos (capacidad muscular localizada). Resultados: al comparar por sexos, los hombres presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en las variables físicas de capacidad aeróbica (p = 0,00), abdominales (p = 0,00) y salto (p = 0,00); solo en el caso de la flexibilidad las mujeres presentaron mejores resultados (p = 0,01). Al relacionar el IMC con la capacidad física se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos, es decir: a mayor IMC, menor es la cantidad de abdominales realizados (r = -0,032; r = -0,084, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente) y la capacidad aeróbica (r = -0,063 y r = -0,023, mujeres y hombres, respectivamente). En flexibilidad y salto se observa una correlación positiva, aunque esta es insignificante. Conclusión: los hombres y las mujeres con normopeso presentan una mejor condición física en comparación con quienes presentan sobrepeso u obesidad. En cuanto al sexo, los hombres presentan una mejor condición física salvo en la prueba de flexibilidad, donde las mujeres presentan los mejores resultados. Además, se observa una relación negativa en ambos sexos entre la condición física y la composición corporal, donde un IMC elevado se traduce en un bajo nivel de rendimiento físico.


Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Estudantes , Músculos Abdominais/fisiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32859109

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a muscular strength programme on the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cognitive status in elder women with mild cognitive impairment who lived in areas of high air pollution. A total of 157 women participated in the study, distributed in four groups: Active/Clean (AC n = 38) and Active/Pollution (AP n = 37), who carried out a progressive resistance training programme for 24 months, and Sedentary/Clean (SC n = 40) and Sedentary/Pollution (SP n = 42). Maximum strength in the upper and lower limbs (1RM), cognition (Mini-Mental Scale Examination (MMSE)) and blood IGF-1 were evaluated. At the beginning of the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in the assessed variables. The active groups which carried out the resistance training programme (AC and AP), registered better results in IGF-1 than the sedentary groups. These differences were statistically significant in AC vs. SC (p < 0.01) and AP vs. SC (p < 0.05). Regarding MMSE, group AC registered the highest score increases (+8.2%) (significantly better than the other groups), while group SP worsened (-7%) significantly compared to the other three groups. In conclusion, resistance training had a positive effect on IGF-1, while sedentary behaviour and air pollution had a negative effect on cognitive status.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Cognição/fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Força Muscular , Treinamento Resistido/métodos
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 33(6): 1379-1384, 2016 Nov 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28000469

RESUMO

Introducción: Chile en las últimas décadas ha experimentado un cambio en su perfil epidemiológico nutricional, pasando de una situación caracterizada por una elevada prevalencia de desnutrición y enfermedades infecciosas/parasitarias a otro completamente distinto, en donde las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas presentan una elevada prevalencia.Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es elaborar tablas de referencia de aspectos antropométricos y de condición física en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán.Método: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de 1250 varones con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Para la confección de las tablas de referencia se utilizó estadística descriptiva y estas fueron divididas en cinco clasificaciones desde muy malo, malo, media, bueno y muy bueno, teniendo como parámetro la edad.Resultados: observamos niveles importantes de sobrepeso que se asociaron con bajo desempeño físico, lo que plantea la urgencia de realizar un seguimiento en el tiempo con herramientas de fácil aplicación como la presente batería; con el fin de detectar a tiempo a los niños que tienen bajos niveles de condición física y tomar medidas orientadas a estimular o mejorar la capacidad física como factores protectores de promoción de la salud y como ayuda en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con el sobrepeso u obesidad.Conclusión: en este trabajo se han establecido valores de referencia para posteriores estudios en cuanto a la condición física orientada a la salud en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán, que permitirán evaluar e interpretar correctamente la condición física orientada a la salud de este grupo etario.


Assuntos
Antropometria , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Padrões de Referência , Estudantes
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 33(6): 1379-1384, nov.-dic. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-159819

RESUMO

Introducción: Chile en las últimas décadas ha experimentado un cambio en su perfil epidemiológico nutricional, pasando de una situación caracterizada por una elevada prevalencia de desnutrición y enfermedades infecciosas/parasitarias a otro completamente distinto, en donde las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas presentan una elevada prevalencia. Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio es elaborar tablas de referencia de aspectos antropométricos y de condición física en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán. Método: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. La muestra se compone de 1250 varones con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Para la confección de las tablas de referencia se utilizó estadística descriptiva y estas fueron divididas en cinco clasificaciones desde muy malo, malo, media, bueno y muy bueno, teniendo como parámetro la edad. Resultados: observamos niveles importantes de sobrepeso que se asociaron con bajo desempeño físico, lo que plantea la urgencia de realizar un seguimiento en el tiempo con herramientas de fácil aplicación como la presente batería; con el fi n de detectar a tiempo a los niños que tienen bajos niveles de condición física y tomar medidas orientadas a estimular o mejorar la capacidad física como factores protectores de promoción de la salud y como ayuda en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con el sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusión: en este trabajo se han establecido valores de referencia para posteriores estudios en cuanto a la condición física orientada a la salud en estudiantes varones de 10 a 14 años de la ciudad de Chillán, que permitirán evaluar e interpretar correctamente la condición física orientada a la salud de este grupo etario (AU)


Introduction: Chile in recent decades has experienced a change in its nutritional epidemiological profile, going from a situation characterized by a high prevalence of malnutrition and infectious/parasitic diseases to another completely different, where chronic and degenerative diseases have high prevalence. Objective: The aim of the study is to develop reference values of health-related physical fitness and health male students 10-14 years of the city of Chillan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 1,250 men aged from 10 to 14 years. Descriptive statistics were used for the preparation of these reference tables and these were divided into five classifications from very bad, bad, average, good and very good, within the age parameter. Results: We observed important levels of overweight were associated with low physical performance, raising the urgency to track in time, with tools for easy application as is this battery; in order to detect promptly the children who have low fitness levels and take measures to stimulate or improve physical capacity as a protective factors for health promotion and as an aid in the prevention of chronic diseases related to overweight or obesity. Conclusion: In this work we have established reference values for further studies regarding the health-oriented male students 10-14 years of the city of Chillan that will allow to asses and interpret correctly health-related physical fitness of this age group (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Antropometria/métodos , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Peso-Estatura , Crescimento , Valores de Referência , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente
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