Fifteen minutes of high intensity running can impair performance on concussion testing; Implications for on-field diagnosis in sport.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of 15 min of high intensity treadmill running on concussion testing assessed by the King-Devick test. DESIGN: Prospective Cohort Study. METHODS: Participants self-selected to either a running or a control group. At baseline both groups were assessed using the King-Devick concussion test. The running group then completed 15-minutes of treadmill running at rating of perceived exertion of 7-9/10 while the control group sat quietly. Both groups repeated the King-Devick test following that 15-minute period. RESULTS: Participants (n = 84 men, 53 women) were divided in two groups; running or control. Both groups, on average, had significant improvement after 15 min (suggesting a learning effect). Comparisons between the baseline and re-assessment scores indicated impaired performance was more common following high intensity treadmill running (n = 23 participants, 34.3%) compared to the control group (n = 10 participants, 14.3%, p = 0.006, OR = 3.44 [95%CI 1.40-8.50]). Four participants in the running group worsened their score at reassessment by more than 3 s compared to no participants in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: After 15 min of high intensity treadmill running, 1 in 3 participants scored a slower time at follow-up or committed a mistake compared to baseline. Implications for clinical practise include: the recommendation that baseline tests be conducted at rest and after high intensity exercise to provide accurate comparisons to assist in clinical decision making; and a cut-off of >3 s may be a clinically useful difference between resting baseline and re-assessment using the King-Devick test.

A roundtable on responsible innovation with autologous stem cells in Australia, Japan and Singapore.

We report on a roundtable event hosted in Singapore that sought to identify some of the ethical and regulatory challenges in translating autologous cell-based interventions, particularly those claiming to involve stem cells, into safe and effective therapies and to propose some solutions to encourage responsible innovation with these products. Challenges are identified in the three areas of cell manufacturing and processing, innovative uses of autologous cells in clinical practice and standards of evidence. Proposed solutions are discussed within a co-operative model of statutory laws and regulations that can enable product development with autologous cells and professional codes and standards that can encourage ethical conduct in clinical practice. Future research should be directed toward establishing regional networks for the development of internationally consistent standards in manufacturing and ethical codes of conduct for innovating with stem cells, and other autologous cells, and fostering ongoing exchange between jurisdictions.