Suturing with or without surgical glue is superior to surgical glue alone for sealing ex vivo swine gallbladders.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of various sealing techniques in cholecystotomies under maximum intraluminal pressure stress using an ex vivo swine model. SAMPLE: 30 gallbladders from different animals were used. METHODS: The experiment was conducted ex vivo, with the formation of 3 groups, each comprising 10 samples. Group 1 utilized a traditional single-layer Cushing suture made from polydioxanone material. Group 2 employed a single layer of Cushing suture, also made from polydioxanone material, but in conjunction with surgical glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate). Group 3 relied solely on the use of surgical glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) for sealing the edges of the surgical wound. The intraluminal pressure was gauged with a pressure transducer. RESULTS: The maximum intraluminal pressures (mean ± SD) sustained in G1, G2, and G3 were, respectively, 48.70 ± 21.32 mm Hg, 110.90 ± 37.52 mm Hg, and 10.9 ± 4.07 mm Hg. Comparisons between groups showed that G2 supported significantly higher pressures (56.1% higher) than G1 (P < .001) and G3 (90.2% higher; P < .001). When G1 was compared with G3, a significantly higher pressure (77.6%) was also observed (P < .01). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study's conclusions demonstrated the safest suture techniques for the gallbladder and provided advice regarding the use of surgical glue.

Genetic relationship between Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy mastitis and from the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans / Caracterização genotípica de Escherichia coli isolados de leite com mastite e da mosca dos estábulos Stomoxys calcitrans

The stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) has been described as a potential spreader of infectious agents to cattle herds. Among the agents transmitted by this fly, Escherichia coli has attracted attention due to its potential to cause gastrointestinal disorders as well as environmental mastitis in dairy cows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and to assess the genetic diversity and the clonal relatedness among E. coli isolates from the milk of dairy mastitis and from stable flies anatomical sites by the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. The molecular typing revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism suggesting that these microorganisms have a non-clonal origin. Identical electrophoretic profiles were observed between E. coli isolates from different flies, different mammary quarters of the same cow and from cows on a single farm. These results reveal the circulation of the same bacterial lineages and suggest the role of the stable fly in bacterial dispersion. Considering the high pathogenic potential of this bacterial species, our findings alert to a more effective health surveillance.(AU)

A mosca dos estábulos Stomoxys calcitrans é descrita como um importante dispersor de agentes infecciosos aos bovinos. Dentre os agentes veiculados por esta mosca a bactéria Escherichia coli ganha relevância devido ao seu potencial em desenvolver alterações gastroentéricas, bem como mastite bovina ambiental. Desta forma, objetiva-se com este estudo isolar e acessar a diversidade genética e relação de clonalidade entre isolados de E. coli provenientes de casos de mastite e de moscas dos estábulos utilizando a técnica da Amplificação Randômica do DNA Polimórfico (RAPD). A tipagem molecular revelou elevado polimorfismo genético sugerindo que esses microrganismos têm origem não clonal. Perfis eletroforéticos idênticos entre si foram observados entre amostras isoladas de diferentes moscas, quartos mamários de uma mesma vaca, bem como de diferentes vacas dentro de uma mesma propriedade. Esses resultados revelam a circulação de uma mesma linhagem bacteriana e sugerem o papel da Stomoxys calcitrans na dispersão bacteriana. Considerando o elevado potencial patogênico dessa espécie bacteriana, nossos achados alertam para uma vigilância sanitária mais efetiva.(AU)

Genetic relationship between Escherichia coli strains isolated from dairy mastitis and from the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans / Caracterização genotípica de Escherichia coli isolados de leite com mastite e da mosca dos estábulos Stomoxys calcitrans

The stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) has been described as a potential spreader of infectious agents to cattle herds. Among the agents transmitted by this fly, Escherichia coli has attracted attention due to its potential to cause gastrointestinal disorders as well as environmental mastitis in dairy cows. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate and to assess the genetic diversity and the clonal relatedness among E. coli isolates from the milk of dairy mastitis and from stable flies anatomical sites by the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) technique. The molecular typing revealed a high degree of genetic polymorphism suggesting that these microorganisms have a non-clonal origin. Identical electrophoretic profiles were observed between E. coli isolates from different flies, different mammary quarters of the same cow and from cows on a single farm. These results reveal the circulation of the same bacterial lineages and suggest the role of the stable fly in bacterial dispersion. Considering the high pathogenic potential of this bacterial species, our findings alert to a more effective health surveillance.(AU)

A mosca dos estábulos Stomoxys calcitrans é descrita como um importante dispersor de agentes infecciosos aos bovinos. Dentre os agentes veiculados por esta mosca a bactéria Escherichia coli ganha relevância devido ao seu potencial em desenvolver alterações gastroentéricas, bem como mastite bovina ambiental. Desta forma, objetiva-se com este estudo isolar e acessar a diversidade genética e relação de clonalidade entre isolados de E. coli provenientes de casos de mastite e de moscas dos estábulos utilizando a técnica da Amplificação Randômica do DNA Polimórfico (RAPD). A tipagem molecular revelou elevado polimorfismo genético sugerindo que esses microrganismos têm origem não clonal. Perfis eletroforéticos idênticos entre si foram observados entre amostras isoladas de diferentes moscas, quartos mamários de uma mesma vaca, bem como de diferentes vacas dentro de uma mesma propriedade. Esses resultados revelam a circulação de uma mesma linhagem bacteriana e sugerem o papel da Stomoxys calcitrans na dispersão bacteriana. Considerando o elevado potencial patogênico dessa espécie bacteriana, nossos achados alertam para uma vigilância sanitária mais efetiva.(AU)

Aerobic bacterial microbiota in stomoxys calcitrans: preliminary studies in Brazil / Microbiota bacteriana aeróbica em Stomoxys calcitrans: estudos preliminares no Brasil

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, has a great importance in medical and veterinary health due to its feeding and reproductive habits, which can disseminate some pathogenic agents among hosts even at long distances. This study aimed to describe, for the first time in Brazil, the bacterial microbiota in segments of the stable fly. Bacterial species were isolated from three different segments (cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract) of the stable fly. Twenty dairy farms were visited in four municipalities: Barra Mansa, Quatis, Resende and Rio Claro in the State of Rio de Janeiro in order to collect 20 flies in each site. Dissection of the flies and procedures of isolation and identification of bacterial species were performed. A total of 161 colonies of 33 distinct species were isolated, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. intermedius. Stomoxys calcitrans may harbor bacterial agents on their cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract and these bacteria may be pathogenic to their hosts.

A mosca dos estábulos, Stomoxys calcitrans, possui grande importância médica e veterinária devido a seus hábitos alimentares e reprodutivos, visto que pode disseminar agentes patogênicos para hospedeiros, mesmo a longas distâncias. Esse estudo teve por objetivo, pela primeira vez no Brasil, descrever a microbiota bacteriana de segmentos da mosca dos estábulos. As espécies bacterianas foram isoladas de três diferentes segmentos (superfície externa, aparelho bucal e trato digestivo abdominal) de S. calcitrans. Foram visitadas 20 fazendas leiteiras em quatro municípios: Barra Mansa, Quatis, Resende e Rio Claro no Estado do Rio de Janeiro para coletar 20 moscas em cada uma delas. A dissecção das moscas e os procedimentos de isolamento e identificação bacteriana foram realizados. Um total de 161 colônias de 33 espécies distintas foi isolado, dentre elas Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e S. intermedius. Stomoxys calcitrans pode veicular agentes bacterianos presentes na superfície externa, aparelho bucal e trato digestivo abdominal e essas bacterias possuem potencial patogênico a diversos hospedeiros deste muscídeo.

Aerobic bacterial microbiota in Stomoxys calcitrans: preliminary studies in Brazil.

The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, has a great importance in medical and veterinary health due to its feeding and reproductive habits, which can disseminate some pathogenic agents among hosts even at long distances. This study aimed to describe, for the first time in Brazil, the bacterial microbiota in segments of the stable fly. Bacterial species were isolated from three different segments (cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract) of the stable fly. Twenty dairy farms were visited in four municipalities: Barra Mansa, Quatis, Resende and Rio Claro in the State of Rio de Janeiro in order to collect 20 flies in each site. Dissection of the flies and procedures of isolation and identification of bacterial species were performed. A total of 161 colonies of 33 distinct species were isolated, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and S. intermedius. Stomoxys calcitrans may harbor bacterial agents on their cuticle, mouth parts and abdominal alimentary tract and these bacteria may be pathogenic to their hosts.

Stomoxys calcitrans parasitism associated with cattle diseases in Espírito Santo do Pinhal, São Paulo, Brazil.

The stable fly has been of great significance to livestock production in the county of Espirito Santo do Pinhal; it has a painful bite, sucks blood, and carries many diseases. The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between the parasitism of Stomoxys calcitrans, manure management, cattle diseases, and technical support. According to the farmers the stable fly reaches its highest level in the rainy season, the same period in which diseases were detected. Most of the farmers said that they did not receive technical assistance. The association of inappropriate manure management, verified in this survey, with the low frequency of technical visits, resulted in a low level of technology utilization. Better technological assistance could moderate the stable fly infestation and help manage serious cattle diseases.