RESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Socio-educational tools aimed at the population with chronic pain can help in the knowledge about trigger mechanisms, beliefs, and attitudes towards pain that may be useful in their control. In addition to developing them, it is necessary to evaluate whether these tools are valid for therapeutic use. The objective of this study was to describe the validation process of an educational booklet for people with chronic pain. METHODS: This study was developed in three stages: questionnaires for the evaluation of the booklet by patients and professionals, interview, and content validation. The sample consisted of 60 patients with chronic pain and six professionals specialized in your treatment. For validation, the Content Validity Index per items was used considering a score greater than or equal to 80%. RESULTS: All six domains evaluated in the booklet obtained a Content Validity Index per items score greater than 80%. The Content Validity Index per items overall rate of the domains evaluated by the patients was 88% while for the health professionals it was 92%. CONCLUSION: The EducaDor booklet showed to be valid for use in the education of patients with chronic pain.
RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Ferramentas socioeducativas voltadas para a população com dor crônica podem auxiliar no conhecimento sobre mecanismos desencadeantes, crenças e atitudes frente à dor, que podem ser úteis no seu controle. Além de desenvolvê-las, se faz necessário avaliar se essas ferramentas são válidas para o uso terapêutico. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o processo de validação de uma cartilha educativa para pessoas com dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas: construção de questionários para avaliação da cartilha por pacientes e profissionais, entrevista e validação de conteúdo. A amostra consistiu de 60 pacientes com dor crônica e seis profissionais especializados no seu tratamento. Para validação, foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo por itens considerando um escore maior ou igual a 80%. RESULTADOS: Todos os seis domínios avaliados na cartilha obtiveram escore do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo por itens maior que 80%. A taxa global do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo por itens dos domínios avaliados pelos pacientes foi de 88% enquanto que para os profissionais de saúde foi de 92%. CONCLUSÃO: A cartilha EducaDor mostrou-se válida para o uso na educação de pacientes com dor crônica.
RESUMO
Electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF) has been applied to treat different types of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). However, despite the clinical practice widespread use its evidence is controversial. With the objective of summarize the available evidence on the electromyographic biofeedback effectiveness and efficacy to help motor function recovery after PNI an integrative review was performed. A secondary objective was to identify the conceptual framework and strategies of EMG-BF intervention, and the quality of technical description of EMG-BF procedures. To conduct this integrative review a systematic search of the literature was performed between October 2013 and July 2018, in PUBMED, ISI and COCHRANE databases for EMG-BF original studies in PNI patients of any etiology, in English, Portuguese, Spanish or French, published after 1990. Exclusion criteria were poor description of EMG-BF treatment, associated treatment that could impair EMG-BF effect, inclusion of non-PNI individuals and case studies design. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate study quality of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) included. This resulted in 71 potential articles enrolled to full reading, although only nine matched the inclusion criteria. PNI included facial paralysis, acute sciatic inflammation and carpal tunnel syndrome. The average quality score of the included RCTs was five, corresponding to low methodological quality. Due to the small number of included articles, low quality studies and heterogeneity of interventions, outcomes and population we concluded that there is limited evidence of EMG-BF effectiveness and efficacy for motor function recovery in PNI patients.
