Predictors of cardiovascular risk in a population of diabetic adults of Gypsy origin, in Granada.

AIMS: The aim of this work is to identify cardiovascular risk factors in a population of ethnic Gypsy diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to compare this population with a control group of non-Gypsy patients also diagnosed with T2DM and with a similar sociological background. DESIGN: Observational descriptive cross-cutting study. METHODS: Using a systematic random sampling, we selected a sample of 220 Gypsy patients diagnosed with T2DM and another sample of 230 non-Gypsy patients, also diagnosed with T2DM. Both samples were composed of patients registered at the Almanjáyar and Cartuja health centres, in Granada (Spain). The data were collected between October 2010 and October 2011. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the Gypsy and non-Gypsy patients in the following variables concerning the control of cardiovascular risk: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: The factors of cardiovascular risk presented by Gypsy patients diagnosed with T2DM were more acute than those of non-Gypsy patients (Tab. 7, Ref. 26).

[The perception of health, social support and family function in HIV seropositivity]. / Percepción de salud, apoyo social y función familiar en VIH positivo.

OBJECTIVE: To discover the perception of health, social support and family function for asymptomatic HIV carriers. DESIGN: This was an observation crossover study, using validated questionnaires. SETTING: Almanjayar and Cartuja Health Centres in Granada. PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS: 58 HIV+ patients belonging to the two basic areas were included. They were selected from the archives of the health centres and from the infectious diseases clinic of the referral hospital. There were an equal number of controls with similar socio-demographic characteristics. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The questionnaires used were as follows: GHQ, DUKE-UNC, the family APGAR, which measure health perception, social support and family function, respectively. Of seropositive patients, 58% presented a negative perception of their health, mainly expressed through symptoms of anguish and anxiety; as against 25% of the control group. As to social support, 29% of the HIV+ carriers perceived low levels of support, as against 6.9% of the control group. We found family dysfunction among 46% of seropositive patients, as against 12% of the control group. The Chi squared test was used for the analysis: all the differences were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who are HIV carriers, even when they are asymptomatic, have a poor health perception, which can be attributed to the nature of the illness. The low level of social support detected, linked to the stress involved in being seropositive, may be the origin of the family dysfunction observed in 46% of our sample. We recommend action at individual, family and community levels in order to improve these patients' quality of life, strength their support structures and restore balance to family function.

[The evaluation of a program for the early diagnosis of cervix cancer at a health center (1981-1987)]. / Evaluación de un programa de diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de cérvix en un centro de salud (1981-1987).

The results of a program for the early diagnosis of cervical cancer (EDC) in a health center was evaluated for the period 1981-87. This activity was included in a general program of attention to women and was carried out by the primary care staff of the center. 915 women were evaluated, and 1,279 samples for cytology were collected. The achieved coverage was 11.56%. The most usual way of recruitment was through the family planning program. We detected that the group of women included in the program had risk factors predisposing to cervical cancer; however, this was not associated with a higher incidence of dysplasia. The referrals to a higher level of care were made in early disease stages, and this was the case in 38 women. It was considered that the continuation of the program in the health center is adequate. Recruitment should be increased and directed to the women with higher risk.