RESUMO
The agricultural industry and regulatory organizations define strategies and build tools and products for plant protection against pests. To identify different plants and their related pests and avoid inconsistencies between such organizations, an agreed and shared classification is necessary. In this regard, the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) has been working on defining and maintaining a harmonized coding system (EPPO codes). EPPO codes are an easy way of referring to a specific organism by means of short 5 or 6 letter codes instead of long scientific names or ambiguous common names. EPPO codes are freely available in different formats through the EPPO Global Database platform and are implemented as a worldwide standard and used among scientists and experts in both industry and regulatory organizations. One of the large companies that adopted such codes is BASF, which uses them mainly in research and development to build their crop protection and seeds products. However, extracting the information is limited by fixed API calls or files that require additional processing steps. Facing these issues makes it difficult to use the available information flexibly, infer new data connections, or enrich it with external data sources. To overcome such limitations, BASF has developed an internal EPPO ontology to represent the list of codes provided by the EPPO Global Database as well as the regulatory categorization and relationship among them. This paper presents the development process of this ontology along with its enrichment process, which allows the reuse of relevant information available in an external knowledge source such as the NCBI Taxon. In addition, this paper describes the use and adoption of the EPPO ontology within the BASF's Agricultural Solutions division and the lessons learned during this work.
RESUMO
El diseño del sistema de seguridad social en salud y su efectiva implementación es uno de los más grandes retos de la sociedad, y a su vez es la principal garantía del goce efectivo del derecho a la salud. Un gran desafío de estos sistemas es la administración del riesgo financiero implícito en la provisión de los servicios de salud. En este documento de investigación se explica en qué medida este desafío se puede enmarcar dentro de un problema de administración cuantitativa de los riesgos financieros. Si bien el uso de estas herramientas no es nuevo en el diseño del sistema de seguridad social en salud colombiano, es importante hacer claridad sobre el alcance que han tenido, las posibles mejoras que se les puedan hacer y los desafíos en la gestión de estos riesgos, implícitos en la reforma actual de la institucionalidad del sistema.
The design and effective implementation of health security are one of the biggest challenges of society and, at the same time, it is the main way to guarantee the effective enjoyment of the right to health. A great challenge of these systems is managing the financial risk implicit in supplying health services. This research document explains to what extent this challenge can be framed within a quantitative management of financial risk problem. Although the use of these tools is not a novelty in the design of the health security system in Colombia, it is important to clarify their reach, the possible improvements that might be performed on them, and the challenges in the management of these risks, implicit to the current reform of the institutionality of the system.
O desenho do sistema de provisão social em saúde e sua efetiva implementação é um dos mais grandes desafios da sociedade e, por sua vez, a principal garantia do usufruto efetivo do direito à saúde. Um grande desafio destes sistemas é a administração do risco financeiro implícito na provisão dos serviços de saúde. Neste documento de pesquisa explica-se em qual medida este desafio pode-se enquadrar dentro de um problema de gestão quantitativa dos riscos financeiros. Bem que o uso destas ferramentas não é novo no desenho do sistema colombiano de segurança social em saúde, é importante esclarecer o escopo que teriam os possíveis melhoramentos que pudessem se fazer e os desafios na gestão destes riscos, implícitos na reforma atual da institu-cionalidade do sistema.
