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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(3): 1289-1299, sept. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142499

RESUMO

Introducción: el consumo frecuente de pescado aporta beneficios a la salud por su contenido en ácidos grasos n-3. Generalmente se consume cocinado pero la cocción mejora o perjudica la concentración de ácidos grasos(AG), pues son susceptibles a oxidarse por las temperaturas y tiempos de cocción. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de seis técnicas de cocción sobre los lípidos totales (LT) y AG de marlín y merluza y seleccionar la que favorece una mejor conservación de AG de importancia para la salud. Métodos: se sometieron los filetes a diferentes técnicas de cocción: vapor (VA), empapelado papel-aluminio (EA), empapelado hoja-plátano (EP), horno-gas (HG), horno-microondas (HM) y sofrito (SF). Los AG se identificaron por cromatografía de gases/FID. Resultados y discusión: Marlín: el SF aumentó la concentración de LT y el HM la disminuyó. Estadísticamente, los AGS, AGP y EPA + DHA aumentaron con EA, los AGM disminuyeron con EP y aumentaron en el SF. Merluza: el SF aumentó la concentración en todos los grupos de AG, mientras que el VA la disminuyó. Por los valores de AGS, índices de aterogenicidad (IA), trombogenicidad (IT), susceptibilidad a la peroxidación y relación hipocolesterolémica/hipercolesterolémica de los ácidos grasos (HH) encontrados, se sugiere que la merluza es un pescado con mayores beneficios para la salud, independientemente de la técnica que se aplique. Por su contenido en EPA + DHA el marlín parece ser una excelente opción si se cocina en papel aluminio. La técnica de sofrito en ambas especies disminuyó el IA, IT y aumentó significativamente la HH, sin embargo la relación n3/n6 disminuyó. La técnica menos conveniente para ambas especies resultó ser el VA (AU)


Introduction: the regular consumption of fish brings benefits to health due to its content of n-3 fatty acids, but cooking enhances or damages the concentration of fatty acids (FA) since they are susceptible to oxidation by temperatures and cooking times. Objectives: to analyze the effect of six cooking techniques on total lipids (TL) and (FA) content in marlin and hake and select which one helps the best conservation of health beneficial FA. Methods: fillets were subjected to different cooking techniques: steam (ST), foiled-aluminum-paper (FAP), foiled-banana-leaf (FBL), gas-oven (GO), microwave-oven (MO) and fried-lightly (FL). FA were identified by gas chromatography/FID. Results and discussion: Marlin: FL increased the concentration of TL and MO decreased it. Statistically, PUFA, SFA and EPA + DHA increased with FAP, MUFA decreased with FBL and increased in FL. Hake: FL increased concentration in all groups of FA while ST decreased it. SFA values and index of atherogenicity (IA), thrombogenicity (IT), peroxidisability and hipocolesterolemic/hipercolesterolemic fatty acid ratio (HH) found, suggested that hake is a fish with greater health benefits, regardless of the technique you employ. By its EPA + DHA content, marlin seems to be an excellent choice if cooked FAP. FL technique in both species decreased the IA, IT and significantly increased the HH; however n3/n6 ratio decreased. ST seems to be the least desirable cooking technique for both species (AU)


Assuntos
Composição de Alimentos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Produtos Pesqueiros/análise
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(3): 1289-99, 2015 Sep 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26319852

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: the regular consumption of fish brings benefits to health due to its content of n-3 fatty acids, but cooking enhances or damages the concentration of fatty acids (FA) since they are susceptible to oxidation by temperatures and cooking times. OBJECTIVES: to analyze the effect of six cooking techniques on total lipids (TL) and (FA) content in marlin and hake and select which one helps the best conservation of health beneficial FA. METHODS: fillets were subjected to different cooking techniques: steam (ST), foiled-aluminum-paper (FAP), foiled- banana-leaf (FBL), gas-oven (GO), microwave-oven (MO) and fried-lightly (FL). FA were identified by gas chromatography/FID. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Marlin: FL increased the concentration of TL and MO decreased it. Statistically, PUFA, SFA and EPA + DHA increased with FAP, MUFA decreased with FBL and increased in FL. Hake: FL increased concentration in all groups of FA while ST decreased it. SFA values and index of atherogenicity (IA), thrombogenicity (IT), peroxidisability and hipocolesterolemic/ hipercolesterolemic fatty acid ratio (HH) found, suggested that hake is a fish with greater health benefits, regardless of the technique you employ. By its EPA + DHA content, marlin seems to be an excellent choice if cooked FAP. FL technique in both species decreased the IA, IT and significantly increased the HH; however n3/n6 ratio decreased. ST seems to be the least desirable cooking technique for both species.


Introducción: el consumo frecuente de pescado aporta beneficios a la salud por su contenido en ácidos grasos n-3. Generalmente se consume cocinado pero la cocción mejora o perjudica la concentración de ácidos grasos(AG), pues son susceptibles a oxidarse por las temperaturas y tiempos de cocción. Objetivos: analizar el efecto de seis técnicas de cocción sobre los lípidos totales (LT) y AG de marlín y merluza y seleccionar la que favorece una mejor conservación de AG de importancia para la salud. Métodos: se sometieron los filetes a diferentes técnicas de cocción: vapor (VA), empapelado papel-aluminio (EA), empapelado hoja-plátano (EP), horno-gas (HG), horno-microondas (HM) y sofrito (SF). Los AG se identificaron por cromatografía de gases/FID. Resultados y discusión: Marlín: el SF aumentó la concentración de LT y el HM la disminuyó. Estadísticamente, los AGS, AGP y EPA + DHA aumentaron con EA, los AGM disminuyeron con EP y aumentaron en el SF. Merluza: el SF aumentó la concentración en todos los grupos de AG, mientras que el VA la disminuyó. Por los valores de AGS, índices de aterogenicidad (IA), trombogenicidad (IT), susceptibilidad a la peroxidación y relación hipocolesterolémica/ hipercolesterolémica de los ácidos grasos (HH) encontrados, se sugiere que la merluza es un pescado con mayores beneficios para la salud, independientemente de la técnica que se aplique. Por su contenido en EPA + DHA el marlín parece ser una excelente opción si se cocina en papel aluminio. La técnica de sofrito en ambas especies disminuyó el IA, IT y aumentó significativamente la HH, sin embargo la relación n3/n6 disminuyó. La técnica menos conveniente para ambas especies resultó ser el VA.


Assuntos
Culinária/métodos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Gadiformes/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Análise de Alimentos , Humanos
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 61(4): 1981-1998, oct.-dic. 2013. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-703942

RESUMO

Different biotic and abiotic factors determine the fatty acid FA composition of fish tissues and organs. This information is useful for humans due to the fact that fish consumption is associated with health benefits. The aim of the present study was to identify the variation in the concentration of fatty acids, according to different factors, among ten edible marine fish species in Mexico, collected from June to December 2009 in the largest fish market in Mexico city: Euthynnus alletteratus, Sciaenops ocellatus, Bairdiella chrysoura, Sphyraena guachancho, Symphurus elongatus, Istiophorus platypterus, Ophichthus rex, Eugerres plumieri, Eucinostomus entomelas and Oreochromis mossambicus. Lipid content was gravimetrically quantified, the fatty acids were determined using a gas chromatograph and the results were statistically analyzed. Total lipid content ranged from 0.93 to 1.95g/100g in E. entomelas and O. urolepis hornorum, respectively. presented the following order in FA concentration: Polyunsaturated FA PUFASaturated FA SFAMonounsaturated FA MUFA. E. alletteratus, B. chrysoura, S. elongatus, I. platypterus, O. rex and E. plumieriS. ocellatus, S. guachancho and E. entomelas presented SFAPUFAMUFA; and only O. mossambicus presented SFAMUFAPUFA. O. mossambicus had the highest concentration mg/100g of SFA 559.40 and MUFA 442.60, while B. chrysoura presented the highest content mg/100g of PUFA 663.03, n-3 PUFA 514.03, EPA+DHA 506.10 and n-6 PUFA 145.80. Biotic and abiotic factors of the analyzed fish significantly influenced their FA concentration. Subtropical species presented 42.1 more EPA+DHA than tropical specie. Values presented here will vary according to the changes in the ecosystem and characteristics of each fish species, however the information generated in the present study is useful for improving fish consumption recommendations.


Los factores bióticos y abióticos determinan la composición de ácidos grasos AG en los peces, información relevante por la asociación existente entre su consumo y los beneficios para la salud humana. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la variación en la concentración de AG, según diferentes factores, en diez especies marinas de pescado comestible en México: Euthynnus alletteratus, Sciaenops ocellatus, Bairdiella chrysoura, Sphyraena guachancho, Symphurus elongatus, Istiophorus platypterus, Ophichthus rex, Eugerres plumieri, Eucinostomus entomelas y Oreochromis mossambicus. La determinación de AG se llevó a cabo mediante cromatografía de gases. El contenido de lípidos totales varió entre 0.93 y 1.95g/100g en E. entomelas y O. mossambicus, respectivamente. E. alletteratus, B. chrysoura, S elongatus, I. platypterus, O. rex y E. plumieri presentaron el siguiente orden en la concentración de AG: AG poliinsaturados AGPAG saturados AGSAG monoinsaturados AGM. S. ocellatus, S. guachancho y E. entomelas: AGSAGPAGM; mientras que tan solo O. mossambicus presentó AGSAGMAGP. Este tuvo la mayor concentración de AGS 559.40mg/100g y AGM 422.60mg/100g, mientras que B. chrysoura presentó el mayor contenido mg/100g de AGP 663.03, AGn-3 514.03, EPA+DHA 506.10 y AGn-6 145.80. Factores bióticos y abióticos influyeron significativamente en la concentración de AG. Las especies subtropicales presentaron una concentración 42.1 mayor de EPA+DHA que las tropicales. Los valores presentados pueden cambiar según modificaciones en el ecosistema y en las características de cada especie, sin embargo, el conocimiento aquí generado es útil para mejorar las recomendaciones sobre el consumo de pescado.


Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes/classificação , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Cromatografia , México , Valor Nutritivo , Especificidade da Espécie
4.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 63(1): 74-86, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24167961

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of six cooking techniques (steamed, foiled, foiled with banana leaf, baked, microwave-cooked and light frying) in the fatty acid content of Thunnus albacore (yellowfin tuna), Cynoscionnebulosus (spotted weakfish) and Trachinotuscarolinus (Florida pompano). After cooking the fish fillets, fatty acid analyses were performed using gas chromatography. Total lipids increased in all cooking techniques in tunaand spotted weakfish. Saturated fatty acids of tuna and spotted weakfish increased in three cooking techniques, while in Florida pompano only gas oven raised their content. Lightly frying generated the highest content of n-3 in tuna and spotted weakfish, and the lowest in Florida pompano, specie that presented less variation. In tuna fish, the most recommended cooking techniques are foiled with aluminum and microwave oven; for spotted weakfish, foiled with banana leaf; while Florida pompano can be prepared using all cooking methods except gas oven. This information is useful to enrich data from chemical composition tables, in which concentrations are usually presented in raw food.


Assuntos
Culinária/métodos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Perciformes , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Animais , Temperatura Alta , Atum
5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 63(1): 74-86, Mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-740226

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar el efecto de seis técnicas de cocción (al vapor, empapelado en aluminio, empapelado en hoja de plátano, horno de gas, horno de microondas y sofrito) en el contenido de ácidos grasos de Thunnusalbacare (atún aleta amarilla), Cynoscionnebulosus (trucha marina) y Trachinotuscarolinus (pámpano). Después de someter los filetes de pescado a las técnicas de cocción se determinó el perfil de ácidos grasos por cromatografía de gases. Los lípidos totales se concentraron en todas las técnicas de cocción en atún y trucha. Los ácidos grasos saturados de atún y truchaaumentaron en tres técnicas, mientras que en pámpano sólo aumentaron en horno de gas. Sofrito fue la técnica que mayor contenido de n-3 presentó en atún y trucha, en tanto que el pámpano mostró el contenido más bajo; esta especie mostró menor variación con respecto a las restantes. Las técnicas de cocción recomendadas son, para el atún: empapelado con aluminio y horno de microondas; para la trucha: empapelado con hoja de plátano; y para el pámpano todas las técnicas descritas excepto horno de gas. Esta información puede enriquecer los datos de las tablas de composiciónnutricional de los alimentos, los cuales normalmente indican las concentraciones de nutrientes en crudo.


The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of six cooking techniques (steamed, foiled, foiled with banana leaf, baked, microwavecooked and light frying) in the fatty acid content of Thunnus albacore (yellowfin tuna), Cynoscionnebulosus (spotted weakfish) and Trachinotuscarolinus (Florida pompano). After cooking the fish fillets, fatty acid analyses were performed using gas chromatography. Total lipids increased in all cooking techniques in tunaand spotted weakfish. Saturated fatty acids of tunaand spotted weakfish increased in three cooking techniques, while in Florida pompano only gas oven raised their content. Lightly frying generated the highest content of n-3 in tunaand spotted weakfish, and the lowest in Florida pompano, specie that presented less variation. In tuna fish, the most recommended cooking techniques are foiled with aluminum and microwave oven; for spotted weakfish, foiled with banana leaf; while Florida pompano can be prepared using all cooking methods except gas oven. This information is useful to enrich data from chemical composition tables, in which concentrations are usually presented in raw food. Key words: Fatty acids, cooking techniques, fish, yellowfin tuna, spotted weakfish, Florida pompano.


Assuntos
Animais , Culinária/métodos , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Óleos de Peixe/análise , Perciformes , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Temperatura Alta , Atum
6.
Rev Biol Trop ; 61(4): 1981-98, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24432548

RESUMO

Different biotic and abiotic factors determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of fish tissues and organs. This information is useful for humans due to the fact that fish consumption is associated with health benefits. The aim of the present study was to identify the variation in the concentration of fatty acids, according to different factors, among ten edible marine fish species in Mexico, collected from June to December 2009 in the largest fish market in Mexico City: Euthynnus alletteratus, Sciaenops ocellatus, Bairdiella chrysoura, Sphyraena guachancho, Symphurus elongatus, Istiophorus platypterus, Ophichthus rex, Eugerres plumieri, Eucinostomus entomelas and Oreochromrnis mossambicus. Lipid content was gravimetrically quantified, the fatty acids were determined using a gas chromatograph and the results were statistically analyzed. Total lipid content ranged from 0.93 to 1.95 g/100 g in E. entomelas and O. urolepis hornorum, respectively. E. alletteratus, B. chrysoura, S. elongatus, I. platypterus, O. rex and E. plumieri presented the following order in FA concentration: Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA)>Saturated FA (SFA)>Monounsaturated FA (MUFA). S. ocellatus, S. guachancho and E. entomelas presented SFA>PUFA>MUFA; and only O. mossambicus presented SFA>MUFA>PUFA. O. mossambicus had the highest concentration (mg/100 g) of SFA (559.40) and MUFA (442.60), while B. chrysoura presented the highest content (mg/100 g) of PUFA (663.03), n-3 PUFA (514.03), EPA+DHA (506.10) and n-6 PUFA (145.80). Biotic and abiotic factors of the analyzed fish significantly influenced their FA concentration. Subtropical species presented 42.1% more EPA+DHA than tropical specie. Values presented here will vary according to the changes in the ecosystem and characteristics of each fish species, however the information generated in the present study is useful for improving fish consumption recommendations.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes/classificação , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Animais , Cromatografia , México , Valor Nutritivo , Especificidade da Espécie
7.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(2): 127-136, jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-710613

RESUMO

Debido a la complejidad de la enfermedad renal, su tratamiento nutrimental es complicado y muchos alimentos se encuentran restringidos, entre ellos el pescado, por su contenido de fósforo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar en el filete de diez especies de pescado, de consumo cotidiano en México: (Cyprinus carpio carpio, Ophichthus rex, Symphurus elongatus, Eucinostomus entomelas, Chirostoma patzcuaro, Bairdiella chrysoura, Salmo salar, Oreochromis urolepis hornorum, Sphyraena guachancho, Istiophorus albicans), el contenido de fósforo (P), proteína (Pr), colesterol, sodio, potasio, vitaminas D3 y E y ácidos grasos n-3 (EPA+DHA); para identificar, aquellos pescados que podrían ser incluidos en la dieta renal. Los análisis se realizaron de acuerdo a las técnicas del AOAC. Con los resultados se calcularon las relaciones entre los nutrimentos benéficos (EPA+DHA, vitaminas) y limitantes (Pr, P, colesterol). Los valores de proteína variaron entre 16.5 y 33.5g/100g de filete; el pescado con mayor contenido de fósforo fue Salmo salar y con menor Symphurus elongatus. La cantidad de EPA+DHA varió desde 79.64mg/100g hasta 1,381.53mg/100g. Tomando en cuenta la relación P/g de Pr recomendada para pacientes renales, todas las especies analizadas exceptuando Salmo salar, Ophichthus rex y Istiophorus albicans pueden ser incluidas en la dieta dependiendo de la etapa de la enfermedad. Considerando la relación entre P/EPA+DHA, las especies recomendadas para el paciente renal son Symphurus elongatus, Bairdiella chrysoura, y Sphyraena guachancho.


Evaluation of ten fish species to be included as part of renal diet, due to their protein, phosphorus and fatty acids content. Because renal disease is highly complex, its nutritional treatment is complicated and many foods are restricted, including fish because its phosphorus content. The aim of the present study was to analyze ten fillet fish species, commonly consumed in Mexico (Cyprinus carpio carpio, Ophichthus rex, Symphurus elongatus, Eucinostomus entomelas, Chirostoma patzcuaro, Bairdiella chrysoura, Salmo salar, Oreochromis urolepis hornorum, Sphyraena guachancho, Istiophorus albicans), to determine their phosphorus (P), protein (Pr), cholesterol, sodium, potassium, vitamins D3 and E, and n-3 PUFA (EPA+DHA) according to the AOAC techniques, in order to identify which species could be included in renal diet; particularly because of their risk:benefit relations (calculated with those results). Protein values ranged from 16.5 to 33.5g/100g of fillet; the specie with the highest phosphorus contest was Salmo salar, and with the lowest, Symphurus elongatus. EPA+DHA quantity ranged from 79.64mg/100g to 1,381.53mg/100g. Considering de P/Pr relation recommended to renal patients, all analyzed species (except Salmo salar, Ophichthus rex and Istiophorus albicans) could be included in their diet. As for the P/EPA+DHA relation, the species most recommended to renal patients are Symphurus elongatus, Bairdiella chrysoura and Sphyraena guachancho.


Assuntos
Animais , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Peixes , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Nefropatias/dietoterapia , Fósforo na Dieta/análise , Colesterol/análise , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Potássio/análise , Medição de Risco , Sódio/análise , Vitaminas/análise
8.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 62(2): 127-36, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23610899

RESUMO

Because renal disease is highly complex, its nutritional treatment is complicated and many foods are restricted, including fish because its phosphorus content. The aim of the present study was to analyze ten fillet fish species, commonly consumed in Mexico (Cyprinus carpio carpio, Ophichthus rex, Symphurus elongatus, Eucinostomus entomelas, Chirostoma patzcuaro, Bairdiella chrysoura, Salmo salar Oreochromis urolepis hornorum, Sphyraena guachancho, Istiophorus albicans), to determine their phosphorus (P), protein (Pr), cholesterol, sodium, potassium, vitamins D3 and E, and n-3 PUFA (EPA+DHA) according to the AOAC techniques, in order to identify which species could be included in renal diet; particularly because of their risk:benefit relations (calculated with those results). Protein values ranged from 16.5 to 33.5g/100 g of fillet; the specie with the highest phosphorus contest was Salmo salar, and with the lowest, Symphurus elongatus. EPA+DHA quantity ranged from 79.64 mg/100 g to 1,381.53 mg/100 g. Considering de P/Pr relation recommended to renal patients, all analyzed species (except Salmo salar, Ophichthus rex and Istiophorus albicans) could be included in their diet. As for the P/EPA+DHA relation, the species most recommended to renal patients are Symphurus elongatus, Bairdiella chrysoura and Sphyraena guachancho.


Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Peixes , Nefropatias/dietoterapia , Fósforo na Dieta/análise , Animais , Colesterol/análise , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Potássio/análise , Medição de Risco , Sódio/análise , Vitaminas/análise
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1729-1742, Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-646548

RESUMO

Chemical composition of eggs of the Olive Ridley Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) and it’s potential as a food source. The Olive Ridley is a worldwide distributed species with high nesting production per season, and in La Escobilla Oaxaca, México, there is a 70% of non-hatched eggs that are lost. In order to evaluate their potential use as a source for human and animal food products, their chemical composition was analyzed. Lyophilized egg samples from 25 turtles were obtained and were analyzed following the analytical methods for fatty acids, protein, fat, ash, moisture, amino acids, vitamins, cholesterol and microbiological agents. The analytical composition obtained was (g/100g): moisture (4.7), ash (3.8), protein (53.7), and fat (47.4). The essential amino acid (g aa/100g protein) content was: Ile (4.4), Lys (6.6), Leu (7.4), Met+Cys (8.8), Phe+Tyr (10.8). The vitamin content was: retinol (340μg/100g), cholecalciferol (5.9μg/100g) and 8.6mg/100 tocopherol, 0.3mg/100g thiamine and 1.1mg/100g riboflavin. The total lipid content (TL), fatty acids (FA), and cholesterol (Chol) were divided into three groups based on the weight of the turtle: (TL) (44.3-48.7-49.1g/100g) and (Chol) (518.4-522.5mg/100g-728.7). A total of 17 Saturated FA (SFA), 8 Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and 11 Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were identified. The most abundant SFA (mg/100g) were: C14:0 (445-772), C16:0 (485-1263); MUFA: C16:1 (456-716), C18:1n-9c (904-1754), and PUFA: C20:4n-6 (105-217); two n-3 fatty acids were identified EPA (48-103) and DHA (97-189). There were significant differences (Fisher, p<0.05) for: (Chol), total FA, SFA, MUFA, PUFAs and n-3 (EPA + DHA) FA. It was not detected any microbiological agent. In conclusion, lyophilized L. olivacea eggs are an option for its inclusion in the development of food products as they can be used as a high quality biological protein and n-3 fatty acid source for fortification and enrichment. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1729-1742. Epub 2011 December 01.


Por su potencial como fuente alimenticia, se analizó la composición química de huevo de Lepidochelys olivácea en La Escobilla, Oaxaca, México. El Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México proporcionó 250 muestras de huevo liofilizado de 25 tortugas, que se analizaron siguiendo métodos oficiales para humedad, cenizas, proteína, grasa, lípidos totales(LT) y análisis microbiológicos; además de ácidos grasos(AG) por cromatografía de gases, aminoácidos(AA), vitaminas y colesterol(col) por HPLC. Los resultados fueron los siguientes: (g/100g) humedad(4.7), cenizas(3.8), proteína(53.7) y grasa(47.4). AA esenciales (g aa/100g Proteína): Ile (4.4), Lys(6.6), Leu(7.4), Met+Cys (8.8), Phe+Tyr (10.8); retinol (340μg/100g), colecalciferol (5.9 μg/100g), tocoferol (8.6), tiamina (0.3) y riboflavina (1.1) (mg/100g). Y los de (LT), (AG) y (Col) se concentraron en tres grupos por peso de tortuga: (LT) (44.3-48.7-49.1g/100g), (Col) (518.4-522.5-728.7 mg/100g). Entonces se identificaron 17 AGSaturados, 8 AGMonoinsaturados y 11 AGPoliinsaturados. Los AGS más abundantes (mg/100g): C16:0 (485-1263), AGM: C16:1 (456-716), C18:1n-9c (904- 1754) y AGP: C20:4n-6 (105-217), EPA (48-103) y HA (97-189). También, existió diferencia significativa (Fisher, p<0.05) para (Col), AG totales, AGS, AGM, AGP y AG n-3 (EPA+DHA). No se detectó presencia de agentes microbiológicos. El huevo liofilizado de L. olivacea es una opción para el desarrollo de productos alimenticios por su proteína de alto valor biológico y ácidos grasos n-3.


Assuntos
Animais , Colesterol/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Ovos/análise , Tartarugas , Vitaminas/análise , Ovos/microbiologia , Liofilização , Lipídeos/análise , México , Valor Nutritivo
10.
Rev Biol Trop ; 59(4): 1729-42, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22208089

RESUMO

The Olive Ridley is a worldwide distributed species with high nesting production per season, and in La Escobilla Oaxaca, México, there is a 70% of non-hatched eggs that are lost. In order to evaluate their potential use as a source for human and animal food products, their chemical composition was analyzed. Lyophilized egg samples from 25 turtles were obtained and were analyzed following the analytical methods for fatty acids, protein, fat, ash, moisture, amino acids, vitamins, cholesterol and microbiological agents. The analytical composition obtained was (g/100g): moisture (4.7), ash (3.8), protein (53.7), and fat (47.4). The essential amino acid (g aa/100g protein) content was: Ile (4.4), Lys (6.6), Leu (7.4), Met+Cys (8.8), Phe+Tyr (10.8). The vitamin content was: retinol (340 microg/100g), cholecalciferol (5.91 microg/100g) and 8.6 mg/100 tocopherol, 0.3 mg/100g thiamine and 1.1 mg/100g riboflavin. The total lipid content (TL), fatty acids (FA), and cholesterol (Chol) were divided into three groups based on the weight of the turtle: (TL) (44.3-48.7-49.1g/100g) and (Chol) (518.4-522.5 mg/100g-728.7). A total of 17 Saturated FA (SFA), 8 Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and 11 Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) were identified. The most abundant SFA (mg/100g) were: C14:0 (445-772), C16:0 (485-1263); MUFA: C16:1 (456-716), C18:1n-9c (904-1754), and PUFA: C20:4n-6 (105-217); two n-3 fatty acids were identified EPA (48-103) and DHA (97-189).There were significant differences (Fisher, p < 0.05) for: (Chol), total FA, SFA, MUFA, PUFAs and n-3 (EPA + DHA) FA. It was not detected any microbiological agent. In conclusion, lyophilized L. olivacea eggs are an option for its inclusion in the development of food products as they can be used as a high quality biological protein and n-3 fatty acid source for fortification and enrichment.


Assuntos
Colesterol/análise , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Ovos/análise , Tartarugas , Vitaminas/análise , Animais , Ovos/microbiologia , Liofilização , Lipídeos/análise , México , Valor Nutritivo
11.
Rev Invest Clin ; 62(1): 44-53, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20415059

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify between 24 marine fish species the most beneficial to renal patient evaluating its phosphorus:n-3 fatty acids ratio. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 15 fishes of each specie were randomly selected; they were filleted and homogenized to take 100 g to carry out the chemical analysis by triplicate. Crude protein (Pr) was analyzed in kjeltec equipment. Potassium and calcium was detected by atomic absorption and phosphorus (P) in an UV/ Visible spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Crude protein (g/100 g) values varied from 15 (pompano) up to 28.2 (big head tile-fish). The fishes with highest (P) (mg/100 g) content were pompano (287), Spanish mackerel (274), king mackerel (257), big head tile-fish (255) and pacific barracuda (252). The specie with the lowest ratio (P): n-3 PUFA was slender frostfish (0.09), followed by albacore (0.17), king mackerel (0.40) and Spanish mackerel; the highest was blue bobo (45.20). Fishes with a high n-3 PUFA/g Pr content were albacore (71.20), king mackerel (35.96), Spanish mackerel (32.50) and rooster hind (2.76). Differences were significant (p < 0.05), in (P) content, in fishes classified by the fat content in muscle (mg P/100 g): lean fishes (193), semi fatty fishes (235) and fatty fishes (244). CONCLUSIONS: None of the following fishes are recommended in renal patient's diet by it lowest contribution of n-3PUFA/g of Pr: blue bobo, yellowedge grouper, parrot sandbass. It is suggested to include chilhuil sea catfish, broomtail grouper, yellow tail snapper, southern flounder, parrot sand bass and big head tilefish by their low content of P/g Pr. The following species included regularly in the diet at least thrice a week could be considered beneficial to the general health status of patients.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Peixes/metabolismo , Nefropatias/dietoterapia , Fósforo/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Animais , Cálcio da Dieta/análise , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Óleos de Peixe/química , Humanos , Nefropatias/metabolismo , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Especificidade da Espécie
12.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 54(3): 328-336, sept. 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-401759

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar y evaluar la composición lipídica de pescados marinos mexicanos con especial énfasis en sus ácidos grasos n-3 como componentes nutracéuticos. Se analizó la porción comestible de 25 especies: humedad, proteína cruda (PC), lípidos totales (LT) y ácidos grasos (AG). En promedio, la PC fue de 18.40, la humedad 75.20 y los LT3.60g/100g parte comestible, respectivamente. En todas las muestras se identificaron los siguientes ácidos grasos n-3 por orden de abundancia (mg/100g parte comestible): C22:6n-3 (DHA) (229.60), C20:5n-3 (EPA) (52.10), C18:3 n-3 (ALA) (11.80) y C20:3 n-3 (2.25). Por su distribución geográfica y distribución general no presentaron una diferencia relevante en sus distintas categorías. Por su clasificación biológica, los pescados óseos presentaron mayor contenido de n-3 que los cartilaginosos, 307.82 y 74.8 mg/100g parte comestible, respectivamente. Se detectó una relación proporcional entre el contenido de lípidos totales y la concentración de AG de n-3. De acuerdo a la ubicación ecótica se observó una mayor presencia de EPA y DHA (mg/100g parte comestible) en las especies pelágicas (114.40, 420.70, respectivamente), que en las bentopelágicas (31.2, 125.3) y demersales (40.30, 225.40, respectivamente). Las especies grasas presentaron mayor contenido de EPA y DHA (mg/100g parte comestible) (109.27 y 552.70) que las semigrasas (56.12 y 226.29) y las magras (15.95 y 96.52). Los pescados óseos grasos y pelágicos presentaron un contenido mayor de EPA+DHA. De acuerdo a los valores recomendados internacionales (200 a 650 mg de EPA + DHA/día), el 44 por ciento de las especies analizadas se pueden considerar como alimentos funcionales, ya que las concentraciones de EPA + DHA se encntraron en un intervalo de 220 - 1300 mg/100g


Assuntos
Animais , Ácidos Graxos , Peixes , Lipídeos , México , Ciências da Nutrição
13.
Arch Latinoam Nutr ; 54(3): 328-36, 2004 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15807210

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to characterize and to evaluate the lipidic composition of mexican marine fishes with special emphasis in n-3 fatty acids as nutraceuticals. The edible portion of 25 species: humidity (H), crude protein (CP), total lipids (TL) and fatty acids (FA). The average content (g/100g edible portion) of H was 75.20, PC was 18.40, TL was 3.60. Four n-3 FA were identified in all the samples and they were found in the next abundance order (mg/100g edible portion): C22:6n-3 (DHA)(229.60), C20:5 n-3 (EPA)(52.10), C18:3 n-3 (ALA)(11.80) and C20:3 n-3 (2.25). By their origin and climate there were no difference. By their biologycal classification, n-3 FA content was higher in bony fishes than cartilaginous fishes. It was detected a proportional relation with the n-3 FA concentration and total lipid content. According to their ecotic distribution there were numerical differences in DHA content (mg/100g edible portion) between pelagics (420.70), benthopelagics (125.30) and demersals fishes (225.40). Fatty fishes had higher content of EPA and DHA (mg/100g edible portion) (109.27 and 552.72) than semifatty fishes (56.12 and 226.29) and leanness (15.95 and 96.52), respectively. Bony, fatty and pelagic fishes had a higher content of EPA+DHA. According with the international recommendation values (200 to 600 mg EPA+DHA/day) the 44% of the analyzed species could be considered as functional foods due to their high content of EPA + DHA in a range of 220 to 1300 mg/100g.


Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/análise , Peixes , Valor Nutritivo , Animais , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , México
14.
Interciencia ; 27(3): 128-136, mar. 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-334004

RESUMO

Los ácidos grasos omega-3, particularmente C18:3 ALA; C20:5 EPA y C22:6 DHA, aportan muchos beneficios a la salud humana, ya que juegan un papel importante en la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer de colon y enfermedades inmunológicas, y son de vital importancia en el desarrollo del cerebro y la retina. Los principales alimentos en los que se puede encontrar una mayor cantidad de ácidos grasos omega-3 /EPA Y DHA) son los pescados, moluscos, crustáceos y algas. Expertos en producción pecuaria están enfocando su atención al enriquecimiento, con ácidos grasos omega-3, de productos como huevo, leche y carne, con el fin de hacer llegar a la mayor parte de la población los beneficios de estos nutrientes. El presente artículo reúne información de los avances médicos sobre los ácidos grasos omega-3, así como de la concentración de éstos en los alimentos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , /administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/classificação , Sistema Cardiovascular , Crustáceos , Óleos de Peixe , Lipídeos/análise , Sistema Nervoso , Alimentos Marinhos , Saúde , Ciência
15.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 48(3): 265-8, Sept. 1998. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-226076

RESUMO

El atún es uno de los alimentos de origen marino de mayor consumo en México dada su accesibilidad y bajo costo. Se cuantificó el contenido de micronutrientes del atún aleta amarilla (Thunnus albacares) enlatado en aceite vegetal (siete lotes con cino repeticiones) procedente de diferentes localidades del pacífico mexicano. El análisis químico aproximado se realizó siguiendo las técnicas del AOAC; la cuantificación de minerales (Ca, P, Mg. Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) se llevó a cabo por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica; y de vitaminas por HPLC. Se registró la procedencia de atún de tres localidades del Pacífico mexicano (Baja California Sur (L1), Mazatlán (L2) y Colima (L3)). La humedad estuvo entre 65 y 75 por ciento, la proteína cruda entre 12.6 y 16.4 por ciento y el extracto etéreo que fue la fracción más variable entre localidades, entre 7.1 y 15.9 por ciento. De las vitaminas hidrosolubles la niacina fue la más abundante (4.8-16.5 mg/100g); la vitamina A (U.I./100g) fue igual en promedio para L1 y L2 (36.5 y 36.2) y mayor para L3 (42.0). Los minerales más abundantes fueron el Na (136-552mg/100g), K (78-221mg/100g) y P (290-594 mg/100g), de éstos, los intervalos más grandes para Na y K se presentaron en L1, para P en L2. El Ca (mg/100g) presentó valores promedio muy diferentes entre L1 (6.9) y L2 (12.7) y en L3 se tuvo un intervalo muy grande (3.4-21.8). El Zn fue menor en L2 (0.2-0.4mg/100g) y mayor en L3 (0.54-0.70 mg/100g). El Mg y Cu fueron los minerales con menores intervalos y con valores promedio semejantes entre localidades. No se detectó la presencia de Pb, Cd y Cr. En conclusión, el atún además de ser un alimento proteico, aporta importantes cantidades de extracto etéreo, Na, K, P y niacina. Los minerales con mayor variación entre localidades fueron el Ca, Na y Zn y entre marcas comerciales el Fe, Na, K y Ca. La vitamina A, Cu y Mg fueron menos variables entre localidades.


Assuntos
Animais , Conservação de Alimentos , Minerais/análise , Óleos de Plantas , Atum , Vitaminas/análise , México , Micronutrientes/análise , Oceano Pacífico
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