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1.
Rev Neurol ; 78(1): 9-15, 2024 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38112652

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The National Epilepsy Registry in Mexico was carried out, from March 2021 to December 2022, in public hospitals of the Priority Epilepsy Program 'PPE', with the aim of describing the current situation in our pediatric and adult population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. We used a database, according to classifications of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2017. Patients of all ages were included, with a diagnosis of epilepsy according to the practical clinical definition ILAE 2014. RESULTS: We registered 10,852 patients, 5,495 men (50.6%) and 5,357 women (49.4%). Family history of epilepsy in 1,714 patients (15.8%), febrile seizures in 987 (9.1%). Type of seizure: 5,542 (51.1%) presented focal onset, of which 1,889 (34.1%) evolved to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures; generalized onset 4,861 (44.8%), unknown 33 (3.1%) and unclassified 115 (1.1%). Almost half had unknown etiology and 40% were structural, of which hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was the most frequent (21.6%) and neurocysticercosis was 1%. Comorbidities appeared in 6,326 patients (58.3%). Anti-seizure medications (ASM) were used in 96.4% patients, mainly valproate. Status epilepticus was found in 1,383 patients (12.7%) and drug-resistant epilepsy in 18.9%. Paraclinical studies: 79.3% with at least one electroencephalogram and 76.9% with a neuroimaging study. Epilepsy surgery occurred in 275 patients (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the efforts of the Pan American Health Organization in its Strategy and Action Plan on epilepsy, diagnostic technologies and ASM supply are still lagging behind.


TITLE: Registro multicéntrico de epilepsia en México.Introducción. Se realizó el Registro Nacional de Epilepsia en México, de marzo de 2021 a diciembre de 2022, en hospitales del sector público del Programa Prioritario de Epilepsia, para conocer la situación actual en población pediátrica y adulta. Pacientes y métodos. Es un estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico. Se utilizó una base de datos, acorde con las clasificaciones de la Liga Internacional Contra la Epilepsia (ILAE) de 2017. Se incluyó a pacientes de todas las edades, con diagnóstico de epilepsia según la definición clínica práctica de la ILAE de 2014. Resultados. Se registró a 10.852 pacientes, 5.495 hombres (50,6%) y 5.357 mujeres (49,4%). Había antecedente familiar de epilepsia en 1.714 pacientes (15,8%) y crisis febriles en 987 (9,1%). Los tipos de crisis eran: 5.542 (51,1%) de inicio focal, de las que 1.889 (34,1%) evolucionaban a bilateral tonicoclónica; 4.861 (44,8%) de inicio generalizado; 33 (3,1%) de inicio desconocido; y 115 (1,1%) no clasificadas. Casi la mitad tuvo etiología desconocida y el 40% fueron estructurales; de ellas, la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica fue la más frecuente (21,6%) y la neurocisticercosis fue el 1%. Las comorbilidades aparecieron en 6.326 pacientes (58,3%). El 96,4% fueron tratados con fármacos anticrisis epilépticas (FACE), principalmente ácido valproico. El estado epiléptico se encontró en 1.383 pacientes (12,7%), y la farmacorresistencia, en 18,9%. Respecto a los estudios paraclínicos, al 79,3% se le realizó al menos un electroencefalograma, y al 76,9%, un estudio de neuroimagen. Se realizó cirugía de epilepsia a 275 pacientes (2,5%). Conclusiones. A pesar del esfuerzo de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en su Estrategia y Plan de Acción sobre la Epilepsia, las tecnologías diagnósticas y el abasto de los FACE aún se encuentran rezagados.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , México/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico
2.
Rev Neurol ; 68(8): 321-325, 2019 Apr 16.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30963528

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Acute seizures in patients with epilepsy are a potential of source of neurological damage; their causes must be researched. AIM: To explore the epidemiology of acute seizure exacerbations in patients with epilepsy in a neurological emergency department in Mexico City. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Descriptive prospective study of patients with a previous diagnosis of epilepsy that receive medical care in an emergency department due to acute seizures. RESULTS: 100 patients were analyzed between august 2016 and January 2017. 86 patients presented with focal seizures, of which 76 were focal to bilateral tonic-clonic, 2 with impaired awareness and motor onset, 3 with impaired awareness and non-motor onset, 1 without impaired awareness and motor onset, and 4 without impaired awareness and non-motor onset. 14 patients had generalized seizures with motor onset. The causes of exacerbation were as follows: 26 patients due to antiepileptic dose omission, 21 due to a unknown cause, 19 due to infection, 13 due to sleep deprivation, 3 due to stress, 3 were catamenial, 2 due to alcohol abuse and 3 due to other reasons. Of the 26 patients with dose omission, 10 were due to forgetfulness, 7 refused to comply with their prescription, 6 could not afford to buy their prescription and 3 had their prescription changed by another doctor. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexico, antiepileptic drug dose omission represents up to 25% of patients with acute seizure exacerbations; increased patient education on epilepsy hygiene measures may be an area of opportunity for reducing its frequency.


TITLE: Epidemiologia del descontrol de la epilepsia en un servicio de urgencias neurologicas.Introduccion. El descontrol de la epilepsia representa un potencial daño neurologico, por lo que deben investigarse sus causas. Objetivo. Explorar la epidemiologia de pacientes mexicanos con descontrol agudo de epilepsia en un servicio de urgencias neurologicas. Pacientes y metodos. Analisis prospectivo descriptivo de pacientes con diagnostico previo de epilepsia que acuden a un servicio de urgencias por descontrol de las crisis. Resultados. Se analizo a 100 pacientes entre agosto de 2016 y enero de 2017. Ochenta y seis fueron crisis focales, de las cuales 76 fueron focales a bilaterales tonicoclonicas, dos fueron con alteracion de la consciencia de inicio motor y tres de inicio no motor, una sin alteracion de la consciencia de inicio motor y cuatro de inicio no motor. Catorce fueron generalizadas de inicio generalizado motor. Las causas de descontrol fueron: 26 pacientes por falta de adhesion al tratamiento antiepileptico, 21 de causa desconocida, 19 por infeccion, 13 por privacion de sueño, 10 por ajuste de tratamiento, tres por estres, tres por menstruacion, dos por uso de alcohol y tres por otras razones. En los 26 pacientes con falta de adhesion, 10 fueron por olvido de dosis, siete por negarse a tomar el medicamento, seis por causas economicas y tres por indicacion de medico ajeno a la institucion. Conclusiones. En Mexico, la falta de adhesion al tratamiento representa un 25% de los casos de descontrol de la epilepsia, lo que es un area de oportunidad para incrementar la educacion de higiene de crisis y disminuir la frecuencia de estas.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Neurologia/organização & administração , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adesão à Medicação/psicologia , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Estudos Prospectivos , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev Neurol ; 68(2): 59-65, 2019 Jan 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30638255

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system is a variety of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that accounts for 4-5% of intracranial tumours and 5% of all lymphomas. It has its origin in the brain, the eyes, the leptomeninges and the spinal cord with no systemic evidence of lymphomatoid activity; the subtype of lymphoma is predominantly of B-type cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study of the patients diagnosed with primary brain lymphoma who were attended to at third-level centres in Mexico between the years 1980 and 2016. Patients who had been screened for systemic lymphoma were included. The results were analysed by means of simple frequencies, and disease-free and overall survival time was analysed by Kaplan-Meier curves; the differences among curves were analysed by means of log rank. RESULTS: Of a total of 215 patients, there were only 74 cases. By sex, 45% were females and 55% were males. Regarding age, 36.7% were over 60 years old. The most frequent clinical manifestations were motor loss (60%) and cognitive disorders (52%). Most patients received some form of chemotherapy (89%). The only significant factor for radiological response and clinical prognosis was the combined use of radiochemotherapy (p = 0.04493). CONCLUSION: Lymphoma is a tumorous condition with a high clinicoradiological response to treatment, although the response is not long-lasting. Its early identification and multidisciplinary management are essential for a more favourable prognosis in these patients.


TITLE: Linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central: experiencia clinica en un centro neurologico.Introduccion. El linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central es una variedad de linfoma no Hodgkin que representa el 4-5% de los tumores intracraneales y el 5% de todos los linfomas. Se origina en el encefalo, los ojos, la leptomeninge y la medula espinal sin evidencia sistemica de actividad linfomatoide; el subtipo de linfoma mayoritariamente es de celulas de tipo B. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes diagnosticados con linfoma cerebral primario que fueron atendidos en centros de tercer nivel en Mexico entre los años 1980 y 2016. Se incluyo a los pacientes que contaran con cribado para busqueda de linfoma sistemico. Los resultados se analizaron mediante frecuencias simples; en el caso del tiempo libre de enfermedad y supervivencia global, mediante curvas de Kaplan-Meier, y las diferencias entre curvas, mediante log rank. Resultados. En un total de 215 pacientes solo hubo 74 casos. El 45% fueron mujeres y el 55%, hombres. El 36,7% eran mayores de 60 años. Las manifestaciones clinicas mas frecuentes fueron deficit motor (60%) y alteraciones cognitivas (52%). La mayoria recibio alguna forma de quimioterapia (89%). El unico factor significativo para respuesta radiologica y pronostico clinico era el uso combinado de radioquimioterapia (p = 0,04493). Conclusion. El linfoma representa una patologia tumoral con alta respuesta clinicorradiologica al tratamiento, aunque la respuesta no es duradera. Es fundamental su identificacion temprana y el tratamiento multidisciplinario para el mejor pronostico de estos pacientes.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/complicações , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Irradiação Craniana , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/etiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/epidemiologia , Epilepsias Parciais/etiologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/terapia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Neuroimagem , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Rev Neurol ; 67(8): 293-297, 2018 Oct 16.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30289152

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Radiotherapy with procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) improves overall survival in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma 1p19q codeleted. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis investigated outcomes in patients with anaplastic oligodendroglioma 1p19q codeleted compared two different protocols (radiotherapy plus temozolomide or PCV). The primary end points were overall survival and progression-free survival. Secondary endpoint was the radiological response. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients were included. Mean age was 43 years (range: 19-66 years), 26 were male (54.1%). Twenty-one patients received PCV and 27 temozolomide. The baseline characteristics were not difference between the groups. The progression-free survival and overall survival in the PCV group were 7.2 and 10.6 years respectively and temozolomide were 6.1 and 9.2 years, both statistically significant. The radiological response was present in 80.9% in PCV arm and 70.2% in temozolomide arm there was not statistical differences. The multivariate Cox model showed only the significant parameters the use of PCV protocol. The toxicity grade 3 or 4 was present in 42.8% in PCV arm and 11.1% in temozolomide arm. CONCLUSIONS: The most common strategy in the Latin America community is the substitution of the PCV for temozolomide. This retrospective study showed superior efficacy of PCV than temozolomide. The Latin American community effort must be made to be able to have the drugs to available for using as a first line of treatment.


TITLE: Radioterapia mas temozolomida o PCV en pacientes con oligodendroglioma anaplasico con codelecion 1p19q.Introduccion. La radioterapia con procarbacina, lomustina y vincristina (PCV) mejora la supervivencia global en pacientes con oligodendroglioma anaplasico con codelecion 1p19q, pero no esta disponible en America Latina. Pacientes y metodos. Analisis retrospectivo comparando dos protocolos diferentes, radioterapia mas temozolomida o PCV, en pacientes con oligodendroglioma anaplasico con codelecion 1p19q. Los objetivos primarios fueron la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de progresion, y el objetivo secundario, la respuesta radiologica. Resultados. Se incluyo a 48 pacientes, 26 de ellos varones (54,1%), con una edad media de 43 años (rango: 19-66 años). Veintiun pacientes recibieron PCV, y 27, temozolomida. Las caracteristicas iniciales no tuvieron diferencias entre los grupos. La supervivencia libre de progresion y la supervivencia global en el grupo con PCV fueron de 7,2 y 10,6 años, y en el grupo de temozolomida, de 6,1 y 9,2 años, respectivamente, unos resultados estadisticamente significativos. Hubo respuesta radiologica en el 80,9% en el brazo de PCV y el 70,2% en el brazo de temozolomida. El analisis multivariado de Cox mostro como unico parametro significativo el uso del protocolo PCV. El grado de toxicidad 3-4 estuvo presente en el 42,8% en el brazo de PCV y en el 11,1% en el brazo de temozolomida. Conclusiones. La estrategia mas comun en America Latina es la sustitucion de PCV por temozolomida. Este estudio retrospectivo mostro una eficacia superior de PCV que de la temozolomida. La diferencia obliga a la comunidad latinoamericana a hacer un esfuerzo colectivo para poder tener acceso a los medicamentos para su uso como primera linea de tratamiento.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Oligodendroglioma/tratamento farmacológico , Oligodendroglioma/radioterapia , Temozolomida/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Deleção de Genes , Humanos , Lomustina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligodendroglioma/genética , Procarbazina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vincristina/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev Neurol ; 48(6): 311-6, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19291656

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic syndromes can be defined as manifestations in distant places of tumors or metastasis, which are not related with tumoral growth. Most of these syndromes are caused by substances secreted by the tumor, that mimic natural hormones, or interfere with plasma proteins. DEVELOPMENT: The rate of paraneoplastic syndromes with neurological manifestations is less than 0.5/100,000 per year, and affect about 0.01% of cancer patients. The pathogenesis of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes is attributed to humoral autoimmunity, due to the existence of a great variety of antibodies in relationship with the neurological alterations associated. Nevertheless, the absence of antibodies does not exclude a neurological paraneoplastic syndromes, just as antibodies may be found without a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The characteristic symptoms of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis are confusion of acute onset, mood changes, hallucinations, loss of short term memory, and seizures; these symptoms generally develop in days or weeks, but may present suddenly. Image studies, cerebral spinal fluid evaluation, and serologic tests are the most useful in diagnosing a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The treatment requires two different approaches. The first one is through the suppression of the immune response generated by neurological damage. The second, is by removing the tumor as the source of the antigen. The latter is often the only effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is an unusual and hard to diagnose entity, which can easily be confused with psychiatric problems. An early diagnosis and treatment is very important to avoid nonreversible neuronal damage.


Assuntos
Autoimunidade/imunologia , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Neoplasias , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/etiologia , Encefalite Límbica/patologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/imunologia , Síndrome
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 48(6): 311-316, 16 mar., 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128073

RESUMO

Introducción. Los síndromes paraneoplásicos pueden definirse como manifestaciones en sitios remotos a neoplasias malignas o sus metástasis, no relacionados con el crecimiento tumoral. La mayoría está ocasionada por sustancias secretadas por el tumor que simulan hormonas o interfieren con proteínas circulantes. Desarrollo. La frecuencia de los síndromes paraneoplásicos con sintomatología neurológica es menor a 0,5/100.000 por año, y afectan aproximadamente al 0,01% de los pacientes con cáncer. La patogénesis de los síndromes paraneoplásicos neurológicos se atribuye a la autoinmunidad por anticuerpos, al demostrarse la existencia de una gran variedad en relación con las alteraciones neurológicas asociadas. Sin embargo, la ausencia de anticuerpos no excluye el diagnóstico, así como su única presencia tampoco lo confirma. Los síntomas característicos de la encefalitis límbica paraneoplásica son confusión, cambios en el estado de ánimo, alucinaciones, deterioro de la memoria a corto plazo y crisis convulsivas; suelen desarrollarse en días a semanas, aunque en algunos casos pueden instaurarse súbitamente. Los estudios más útiles en el diagnóstico de los síndromes paraneoplásicos neurológicos son los de imagen, el examen de líquido cefalorraquídeo y las pruebas serológicas. El tratamiento requiere dos enfoques distintos. El primero mediante la supresión de la respuesta inmune generada por el daño neurológico. El segundo, mediante la remoción del tumor, como fuente del antígeno. Este último es frecuentemente el único efectivo. Conclusiones. La encefalitis límbica paraneoplásica es una entidad poco frecuente y de difícil diagnóstico, que puede confundirse fácilmente con trastornos psiquiátricos. El diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano es de suma importancia para evitar un daño neuronal irreversible (AU)


Introduction. Paraneoplastic syndromes can be defined as manifestations in distant places of tumors or metastasis, which are not related with tumoral growth. Most of these syndromes are caused by substances secreted by the tumor, that mimic natural hormones, or interfere with plasma proteins. Development. The rate of paraneoplastic syndromes with neurological manifestations is less than 0.5/100,000 per year, and affect about 0.01% of cancer patients. The pathogenesis of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes is attributed to humoral autoimmunity, due to the existence of a great variety of antibodies in relationship with the neurological alterations associated. Nevertheless, the absence of antibodies does not exclude a neurological paraneoplastic syndromes, just as antibodies may be found without a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The characteristic symptoms of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis are confusion of acute onset, mood changes, hallucinations, loss of short term memory, and seizures; these symptoms generally develop in days or weeks, but may present suddenly. Image studies, cerebral spinal fluid evaluation, and serologic tests are the most useful in diagnosing a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The treatment requires two different approaches. The first one is through the suppression of the immune response generated by neurological damage. The second, is by removing the tumor as the source of the antigen. The latter is often the only effective treatment. Conclusions. The paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is an unusual and hard to diagnose entity, which can easily be confused with psychiatric problems. An early diagnosis and treatment is very important to avoid nonreversible neuronal damage (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas do Sistema Nervoso/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/isolamento & purificação , Autoimunidade
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