Glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome: liraglutide compared with insulin glargine: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide in the hospital setting in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and acute coronary syndrome and to evaluate the safety and efficacy and its impact on hospitalization and short-term glycemic variability (GV). METHODS: A 12-week, open-label, prospective, randomized pilot clinical study with parallel groups that compared liraglutide (group 1) with glargine (group 2) and its impact on glycemic control and GV. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were included. During hospitalization, mean glucose was 164.75 mg/dL (standard deviation [SD] 19.94) in group 1 and 166.69 mg/dL (38.22) in group 2. GV determined by CV and SD was 20.98 (7.68) vs. 25.48 (7.19) and 34.37 (13.05) vs. 43.56 (19.53) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Group 1 prandial insulin requirements during hospitalization were lower compared with group 2. Follow-up A1c in group 1 was 6.9% (-1.51%) and 6.5% in group 2 (-1.27). GV after discharge and hypoglycemia were lower in group 1 compared with group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Liraglutide seems to reduce GV in the acute phase of acute coronary syndrome, and patients achieved optimal control with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. These results support the need to explore liraglutide in a larger multicenter trial. Trial registration: The study was approved by the National Medical Ethics Committee of Spain. The study was registered at European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT): 2014003298-40.

Does Metabolic Surgery Lead to Diabetes Remission in Patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2?: a Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery has demonstrated to be effective in remission of type 2 diabetes in obese patients, but it is unclear in non-obese patients. The aim of this study is to investigate if metabolic surgery is effective in diabetes resolution in patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was performed and the content of the PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library databases covering the period January 2008 to April 2018 was searched. Studies with metabolic surgery performed in patients with type 2 diabetes, BMI < 30 kg/m2 and a follow-up ≥ 6 months were included. Type 2 diabetes remission rate and metabolic parameters changes were measured. A meta-analysis was conducted with the selected studies. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis (1105 patients). The mixed-effects meta-analysis model for overall diabetes remission rate produced an estimate of 43% (95% IC 34-53%, p < 0.001). Moderator effects of the variables race, preoperative HbA1c, BMI, months of follow-up, duration of diabetes, and age on diabetes remission were also assessed, with no significant effects being found in any of them. A reduction in BMI (- 3.57 kg/m2), fasting blood glucose (- 55.93 mg/dL) and HbA1c (- 2.08%) was observed after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic surgery could be effective in remission of type 2 diabetes in BMI < 30 kg/m2 patients but randomized and long-term studies are necessary. The scientific community should agree in a single definition of type 2 diabetes remission, in order to know the real effect of metabolic surgery in this group of patients.

Tumor neuroendocrino ileal con síndrome carcinoide de difícil control / Neuroendocrine ileal tumor with difficult to control carcinoid syndrome

Resumen Los tumores neuroendocrinos son neoplasias infrecuentes y de abordaje complejo. Actualmente se necesitan más ensayos clínicos aleatorizados para establecer el manejo óptimo de los pacientes afectados por metástasis hepáticas no resecables. Aportamos un caso de TNE metastásico en el que se indicó trasplante hepático por sintomatología derivada del síndrome carcinoide no controlable con el tratamiento médico habitual. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 161-164).

Abstract Neuroendocrine tumors are infrequent neoplasms with a complex approach. Currently, more randomized clinical trials are needed to establish the optimal management of patients affected by unresectable liver metastases. A case of metastatic NET in which hepatic transplantation was indicated due to symptoms derived from the carcinoid syndrome that cannot be controlled with the usual medical treatment is provided.