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1.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 25: e89526, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507827

RESUMO

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify whether obesity and acute physical exercise could influence the reactivity to mental stress. Twelve normal weight (NW) and ten obese (Ob) (31.82% women), normotensive individuals between 18 and 40 years old were evaluated. The Stroop color test was performed under two conditions: 1) Baseline and 2) 30 min after the end of aerobic physical exercise. Individuals performed 30 min of physical exercise (NW: 3.38 and Ob: 2.99 km·h-1; p< 0.05) between 50-60% of heart rate reserve (NW: 139±7 and Ob: 143±7 bpm). The reactivity to mental stress for systolic blood pressure - SBP (Δ2 min) and diastolic blood pressure - DBP (Δ2 and Δ4 min) was lower (p< 0.05) in Ob compared to NW group. The SBP reactivity to mental stress was less (p< 0.05) post-exercise in all moments (Δ2 and Δ4 min), regardless of obesity, while the DBP reactivity to mental stress was less post-exercise, only in NW. BP reactivity to stress correlated negatively with obesity indicators (r/Rho = - 0.42 to - 0.64), under the baseline condition, but not post-physical exercise. Obesity blunted BP reactivity to mental stress in normotensive young adults. Moderately-intensity acute aerobic exercise reduced SBP reactivity to mental stress, regardless of obesity, while it reduced DBP reactivity to mental stress, only in NW. In summary, acute physical exercise may be a one means to prevent cardiovascular changes.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se a obesidade e o exercício físico agudo podem influenciar a reatividade ao estresse mental. Foram avaliados 12 indivíduos eutróficos (E) e dez obesos (Ob) (31,82% mulheres), normotensos entre 18 e 40 anos. O teste de cor Stroop foi realizado em duas condições: 1) Linha de base e 2) 30 min após o término do exercício físico aeróbio. Os indivíduos realizaram 30 min de exercício físico (E: 3,38 e Ob: 2,99 km•h-1; p<0,05) entre 50-60% da frequência cardíaca de reserva (E 139±7 e Ob: 143±7 bpm). A reatividade ao estresse mental para pressão arterial sistólica - PAS (Δ2 min) e pressão arterial diastólica - PAD (Δ2 e Δ4 min) foi menor (p< 0,05) no grupo Ob comparado ao grupo E. A reatividade da PAS ao estresse mental foi menor (p< 0,05) pós-exercício em todos os momentos (Δ2 e Δ4 min), independente da obesidade, enquanto a reatividade da PAD ao estresse mental foi menor pós-exercício, apenas no E. A reatividade da PA ao estresse correlacionou-se negativamente com os indicadores de obesidade (r/Rho = - 0,42 a - 0,64), na condição basal, mas não pós-exercício físico. A obesidade embotou a reatividade da PA ao estresse mental em adultos jovens normotensos. O exercício aeróbico agudo de ientesidade moderada reduziu a reatividade da PAS ao estresse mental, independentemente da obesidade, enquanto reduziu a reatividade da PAD ao estresse mental, apenas no E. Em resumo, o exercício físico agudo pode ser um meio de prevenir alterações cardiovasculares.

3.
Sensors (Basel) ; 22(7)2022 Mar 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35408097

RESUMO

Internal erosion is the most important failure mechanism of earth and rockfill dams. Since this type of erosion develops internally and silently, methodologies of data acquisition and processing for dam monitoring are crucial to guarantee a safe operation during the lifespan of these structures. In this context, artificial intelligence techniques show up as tools that can simplify the analysis and verification process not of the internal erosion itself, but of the effects that this pathology causes in the response of the dam to external stimuli. Therefore, within the scope of this paper, a methodological framework for monitoring internal erosion in the body of earth and rockfill dams will be proposed. For that, artificial intelligence methods, especially deep neural autoencoders, will be used to treat the acoustic data collected by geophones installed on a dam. The sensor data is processed to identify patterns and anomalies as well as to classify the dam's structural health status. In short, the acoustic dataset is preprocessed to reduce its dimensionality. In this process, for each second of acquired data, three parameters are calculated (Hjorth parameters). For each parameter, the data from all the available sensors are used to calibrate an autoencoder. Then, the reconstruction error of each autoencoder is used to monitor how far from the original (normal) state the acoustic signature of the dam is. The time series of reconstruction errors are combined with a cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm, which indicates changes in the sequential data collected. Additionally, the outputs of the CUSUM algorithms are treated by a fuzzy logic framework to predict the status of the structure. A scale model is built and monitored to check the effectiveness of the methodology hereby developed, showing that the existence of anomalies is promptly detected by the algorithm. The framework introduced in the present paper aims to detect internal erosion inside dams by combining different techniques in a novel context and methodological workflow. Therefore, this paper seeks to close gaps in prior studies, which mostly treated just parts of the data acquisition-processing workflow.


Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Lógica Fuzzy , Acústica , Algoritmos , Redes Neurais de Computação
4.
Environ Monit Assess ; 193(11): 739, 2021 Oct 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34671846

RESUMO

Landfills have been extensively used as waste deposits in most of the big cities in the world. Therefore, considerably large urban areas have contamination threats. Engineering solutions applied to prevent or contain soil, and water contamination often involve the application of liners, which are low permeability barriers made of materials such as compacted clay and geomembranes. In many liner applications, once reduced rates of seepage are expected, diffusion has proved to be relevant, if not dominant, to the process of contaminant transport. Normally, diffusivity parameters can be assessed by a single-reservoir pure diffusion test, where a contaminant solution is placed above a saturated soil sample and the solution's concentration is monitored over time. Once the temporal variation of concentration is measured, the process of back-calculating diffusivity parameters is not standardized. In this paper, an analytical model of the diffusive transport of contaminants is revisited considering the initial and boundary conditions of the pure diffusion test. In this model, the contaminant solution reservoir is included in the analysis domain as an equivalent contaminated soil layer. The analytical solution relies on a series evaluation, which may be a drawback to everyday engineering situations. Therefore, we build a high-accuracy exponential approximation to the solution. Expedited evaluation procedures are proposed to provide reasonable estimates for the fitting parameters. Also, in order to illustrate the applicability of the new solution, test datasets of a soil around the Jockey Club Landfill (JCL) site, one of the major landfills in Latin America, have been modeled. We discuss possible issues of considering linear isotherms to model the sorption characteristics of soils, indicating that convex isotherms, if linearly modeled, may lead to overestimated values of the diffusivity parameter.


Assuntos
Eliminação de Resíduos , Difusão , Monitoramento Ambiental , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Poluição da Água
5.
Comput Biol Chem ; 94: 107554, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34352565

RESUMO

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still challenges researchers due to its spread and deaths. Hence, the classical epidemic SIR and SEIRD models inspired by the epidemic's outbreak are widely used to predict the evolution of the disease. In addition to classical approaches, describing complex phenomena through Cellular Automata (CA) is a highly effective way to understand the iterations on a populated system. The present research analyzed the usage of CA to generate an epidemic-computational model from a micro perspective based on parameters obtained through a statistical fit from a macro perspective. After validating SIR and SEIRD models with the government official data for Brasilia, Brazil, the authors applied the obtained parameters to the Cellular Automata model. The CA model simulated the spread of the virus from infected to uninfected people in a restrained environment (i.e., a supermarket) under several varied conditions applying an approach never adopted before. The manner of applying CA in this research proved to represent an essential tool in predicting the spread of the coronavirus in confined spaces with random movements of people. The CA numerical open-source presented has the purpose of clarifying how the spread occurs not only as a mathematical curve but in an organic way. The numerical simulations from the CA model allowed the authors to conclude that markets and stores are relevant places where might be infections. Thus, every local store and the market owner should reason about the aspects that could avoid the spread of the disease, coming up with efficient solutions. Each environment has specific features that only those who know them are the ones capable of managing.


Assuntos
COVID-19/epidemiologia , Simulação por Computador , Modelos Biológicos , SARS-CoV-2 , Brasil/epidemiologia , Tomada de Decisões , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Supermercados
6.
Eng. sanit. ambient ; 24(5): 965-973, set.-out. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056101

RESUMO

RESUMO A implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (Lei nº 12.305, de 2 de agosto de 2010) foi um marco para a disposição final e o tratamento de resíduos sólidos no país. A contaminação decorrente da negligência na disposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos atinge sistemas naturais vitais para a existência humana. Torna-se, portanto, fundamental compreender os mecanismos que estão envolvidos no transporte de contaminantes e os dispositivos geotécnicos para mitigar e/ou remediar os impactos. Neste trabalho, é apresentada a utilização de modelagens matemáticas aplicadas aos resultados dos experimentos realizado por Ritter, em 1998, para determinar o transporte dos principais íons inorgânicos, encontrados no lixiviado do aterro Jardim Gramacho (K+, Cl-, Na+ e NH4 +), por difusão química e sorção. O Aterro de Resíduos Urbanos de Jardim Gramacho está localizado em Duque de Caxias, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, e operou por mais de 30 anos, de 1978 a 2012. Para a compreensão dos mecanismos de transporte, foi utilizada uma solução semi-analítica denominada de camada contaminada equivalente (CCE), proposta por Paz, em 2015, com o objetivo de traçar, no tempo e no espaço, o comportamento desses contaminantes ao longo da amostra de solo utilizada. A vantagem da utilização dessa solução analítica é que ela atende com maior rigor as condições de contorno dos experimentos analisados, quando comparadas com as soluções disponíveis na literatura. Os resultados mostram que os coeficientes de difusão efetivo determinados pela solução CCE apresentam-se dentro dos intervalos indicados na literatura.


ABSTRACT The implementation of the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12.305, of August 2, 2010) was a milestone for the final disposal and treatment of solid waste in the country. The contamination due to negligence in the disposal of urban solid waste reaches natural resources and systems vital to human existence. It is, therefore, essential to understand the mechanisms involved in the transport of contaminants and the best geotechnical devices to mitigate and/or remediate impacts. This paper presents the use of mathematical models applied to the results of the experiments carried out by Ritter, in 1998, to determine the transport of the main inorganic ions found in the leachate of Jardim Gramacho landfill (K+, Cl-, Na+, and NH4 +), by chemical diffusion and sorption mechanisms. The Jardim Gramacho Urban Waste Landfill was located in Duque de Caxias, state of Rio de Janeiro, and operated for more than 30 years, from 1978 to 2012. In order to understand these transport mechanisms, a semi-analytical solution, denominated Equivalent Contaminated Layer (ECL) proposed by Paz, in 2015, was used to trace, in time and space, the behavior of these contaminants along the soil sample used. The advantage of using this analytical solution is that it meets more accurately the boundary conditions of the analyzed experiments, when compared with the solutions available in the literature. The results show that the effective diffusion coefficients determined by the ECL solution are within the ranges indicated in the literature.

7.
J Homosex ; 66(12): 1715-1735, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30235077

RESUMO

Drawing on one year of fieldwork with LGBTQ youth, I explore the ways Tumblr, a microblogging and social networking site, has become a vibrant center of queer discourse and collectivity. I argue that for LGBTQ users, Tumblr simultaneously generates the specter of a "queer utopia"-a space where queer potential flourishes and more expansive ways to think about the future materialize-and queer "vortextuality"-an experience of being sucked into an online black hole with severe limitations. Furthermore, the user experience on the site underscores the profound vulnerability of queer individuals and communities in digital, corporatized space.


Assuntos
Homossexualidade , Redes Sociais Online , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Mídias Sociais , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Sexual , Sudeste dos Estados Unidos , Utopias , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods ; 88(Pt 1): 100-108, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28797764

RESUMO

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions that result in TMJ pain, which frequently limits basic daily activities. Experimental models that allow the study of the mechanisms underlying these inflammatory and pain conditions are of great clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to evaluate nociception, inflammation and participation of the macrophage/microglia cells in the arthritis of the TMJ induced by two phlogistic agents. 84 rats were divided into 2 groups: Zy, which received zymosan intra-articularly, or Cg, which received carrageenan intra-articularly. Mechanical nociception, total leukocyte influx to the synovial fluid and histopathological analyses were evaluated in the TMJ. The participation of macrophage/microglia located in trigeminal ganglia (TG) and in the subnucleus caudalis (V-SnC) was assessed immunohistochemically. Both agents induced mechanical hyperalgesia 6h after the induction, but a more persistent algesic state was perceived in the Cg group, which lasted for 120h. Even though both groups presented increased leukocyte influx, the Zy-group presented a more intense influx. Zymosan recruited resident macrophage in the trigeminal ganglia 24h after the injection. In the V-SnC, the group Cg presented a more prolonged immunolabeling pattern in comparison with the group Zy. It can be concluded that zymosan induced a more intense infiltrate and peripheral nervous changes, while Cg lead to a moderate TMJ inflammation with prominent changes in the V-SnC.


Assuntos
Artrite/fisiopatologia , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatologia , Medição da Dor/métodos , Dor/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/fisiopatologia , Animais , Artrite/induzido quimicamente , Artrite/diagnóstico , Artrite/patologia , Carragenina/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Hiperalgesia/induzido quimicamente , Hiperalgesia/patologia , Injeções Intra-Articulares , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microglia/patologia , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Nociceptividade/fisiologia , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/citologia , Gânglio Trigeminal/efeitos dos fármacos , Zimosan/farmacologia
10.
PLoS One ; 9(2): e87097, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24498292

RESUMO

Streetscapes are basic urban elements which play a major role in the livability of a city. The visual complexity of streetscapes is known to influence how people behave in such built spaces. However, how and which characteristics of a visual scene influence our perception of complexity have yet to be fully understood. This study proposes a method to evaluate the complexity perceived in streetscapes based on the statistics of local contrast and spatial frequency. Here, 74 streetscape images from four cities, including daytime and nighttime scenes, were ranked for complexity by 40 participants. Image processing was then used to locally segment contrast and spatial frequency in the streetscapes. The statistics of these characteristics were extracted and later combined to form a single objective measure. The direct use of statistics revealed structural or morphological patterns in streetscapes related to the perception of complexity. Furthermore, in comparison to conventional measures of visual complexity, the proposed objective measure exhibits a higher correlation with the opinion of the participants. Also, the performance of this method is more robust regarding different time scenarios.


Assuntos
Cidades , Sensibilidades de Contraste , Planejamento Ambiental/normas , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Argélia , Algoritmos , Planejamento Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/classificação , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/normas , Japão , Masculino , Fotografação/classificação , Fotografação/normas , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Eur J Oral Sci ; 121(6): 573-83, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24206074

RESUMO

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is a common cause of orofacial pain. In the present study, the modulatory effects of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDA-Rs) and magnesium were investigated in TMJ arthritis hypernociception. Male Wistar rats received an intra-articular injection of carrageenan (Cg) in the TMJ, and mechanical hypernociception was measured. The NMDA-R antagonist, MK-801, and magnesium chloride (MgCl2 ) were administered before arthritis induction. Magnesium deficiency was promoted by feeding rats a synthetic magnesium-free diet for 9 d before injection of Cg. The Cg induced mechanical hypernociception that lasted for 120 h. MK-801 inhibited this hypernociceptive state. MgCl2 pretreatment prevented Cg-induced hypernociception and altered the nociceptive threshold in the absence of Cg. Magnesium deficiency increased hypernociception and induced spontaneous hypernociceptive behavior. TMJ arthritis increased the expression of mRNA for all NMDA-R subunits and immunostaining of phosphorylated NR1 (phospho-NR1). MgCl2 inhibited expression of NR2B mRNA and phospho-NR1 immunostaining and increased expression of NR3 mRNA. Magnesium deficiency increased expression of both NR1 and NR3 mRNAs and phospho-NR1 immunostaining in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. We found that magnesium modulates nociceptive behavior and induces NMDA-R subunit rearrangement in the subnucleus caudalis. The present results may lead to a better understanding of central processing in the nociceptive trigeminal pathway and the development of new approaches to treat orofacial pain with a TMJ origin.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Magnésio/metabolismo , Magnésio/farmacologia , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/metabolismo , Núcleo Inferior Caudal do Nervo Trigêmeo/metabolismo , Nervo Trigêmeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Carragenina , Expressão Gênica , Magnésio/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Dor Nociceptiva/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo , Nervo Trigêmeo/metabolismo
12.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 90(11): 1479-89, 2012 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23181276

RESUMO

Electroacupuncture (EA) and cannabinoids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in animal models of arthritis. Male Wistar rats were injected with saline or zymosan (2 mg) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). EA (10 Hz, 30 min) was performed 2 h after or 1 h before zymosan administration. AM251 or AM630 (3 mg/kg, i.p.)were administered before EA treatment. Mechanical hypernociception was accessed after zymosan administration. Rats were sacrificed 6 h after zymosan administration and the joint was removed for histopathological analysis. The gene expression of CB1 and CB2 receptors was assessed after sacrifice of the TMJ arthritic animals. EA inhibited zymosan-induced hypernociception (p < 0.05). AM251 reversed significantly the antinociceptive effect of EA, suggesting that the CB1 receptor is involved in this effect. AM630 reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of EA. CB1 and CB2 receptor gene expression was upregulated 6 h after zymosan-induced arthritis in the EA-treated group. We observed downregulation of CB2 receptor gene expression in the EA group at the 24th hour compared with the 6th hour. Higher CB1 receptor gene expression was also found compared with the 6th hour. EA produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and these effects appeared to be mediated through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation.


Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/terapia , Eletroacupuntura , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/metabolismo , Articulação Temporomandibular/imunologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/metabolismo , Analgesia por Acupuntura/métodos , Animais , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Baixo , Indóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Nociceptividade/efeitos dos fármacos , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Pirazóis/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor CB1 de Canabinoide/genética , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor CB2 de Canabinoide/genética , Articulação Temporomandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , Articulação Temporomandibular/inervação , Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/imunologia , Núcleo Espinal do Trigêmeo/patologia , Regulação para Cima , Zimosan
13.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol ; 15(1): 137-146, jan,-mar. 2012. graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-639397

RESUMO

A queda é uma das consequências mais graves do envelhecimento, sendo reconhecida como importante problema de saúde pública. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar aspectos relacionados à ocorrência de quedas em idosos. Participaram do estudo 50 idosos, do bairro Cidade 2000, em Fortaleza-CE, sendo 64% do gênero feminino. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário. Observou-se que 42% dos idosos apresentaram, no mínimo, um episódio de queda nos últimos dois anos, dos quais 19% se encontravam entre 60 e 69 anos, 24% entre 70 e 79 anos e 57% entre 80 e 89 anos. As causas foram principalmente relacionadas ao ambiente doméstico inadequado (57%). Dentre os fatores relacionados ao ambiente doméstico que favorecem as quedas, o mais citado foi a existência de superfícies escorregadias (33%). A maioria dos participantes (80%) fazia uso de algum tipo de medicação prescrita por médicos, sendo os anti-hipertensivos utilizados por 42% do grupo. A consequência mais comum das quedas foi a fratura, indicada por 43% dos idosos, tendo sido mais frequente a fratura de rádio (56%). Outras consequências citadas foram trauma craniano (19%), depressão (19%) e ansiedade (19%). Necessitaram de internação hospitalar 33% dos idosos vítimas de quedas. A pesquisa aponta que 60% do grupo praticam atividade física regular e, dentre os sedentários, encontravam-se 90% dos idosos que haviam sido acometidos por quedas. Conclui-se que as quedas podem ser entendidas como eventos que podem, em parte, ser evitados através da adoção de programas e medidas preventivas simples.


Assuntos
Idoso , Acidentes por Quedas , Idoso , Causas Externas , Saúde do Idoso
14.
J. bras. neurocir ; 23(2): 103-107, 2012.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-655797

RESUMO

Objetivo: Trata-se de um estudo anatômico que visa estudar os sulcos que delimitam o lóbulo paracentral (LPC).Material e Métodos: Foram analisados 45 hemisférios telencefálicos, sendo 25 direitos e 20 esquerdos, delimitandose o LPC e verificando se existiam sulcos anômalos ou interrompidos.Resultados: O sulco paracentral, limite anterior do LPC, é ramo exclusivo do sulco do cíngulo em 88,9% dos casos. Em 11,1 %, esse sulco é formado por um ramo ascendente do sulco do cíngulo e por um ramo descendente da superfície súpero-lateral do hemisfério telencenfálico. Em 80 % dos casos, o sulco paracentral apresenta interrupção em seu trajeto. O ramo marginal do sulco do cíngulo, limite posterior, encontra-se interrompido em 15,55% dos casos. O sulco do cíngulo, limite inferior, encontra-se interrompido em 4,44% dos casos.Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos permitem uma melhor compreensão acerca da delimitação do LPC, fornecendo subsídios anatômicos para a neuroimagem e neuroendoscopia.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Córtex Cerebral , Microcirurgia , Neuroendoscopia
15.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 32(4): 375-380, dez. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-573831

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to quantify posture and body image in patients with major depressive disorder during episodes and after drug treatment, comparing the results with those obtained for healthy volunteers. METHOD: Over a 10-week period, we evaluated 34 individuals with depression and 37 healthy volunteers. Posture was assessed based on digital photos of the subjects; CorelDRAW software guidelines and body landmarks were employed. Body image was evaluated using the Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTS: During depressive episodes (in comparison with the post-treatment period), patients showed increased head flexion (p < 0.001), increased thoracic kyphosis (p < 0.001), a trend toward left pelvic retroversion (p = 0.012) and abduction of the left scapula (p = 0.046). During remission, patient posture was similar to that of the controls. At week 1 (during the episode), there were significant differences between the patients and the controls in terms of head flexion (p < 0.001) and thoracic kyphosis (p < 0.001); at weeks 8-10 (after treatment), such differences were seen only for shoulder position. The mean score on the Body Shape Questionnaire was 90.03 during the depressive episode, compared with 75.82 during remission (p = 0.012) and 62.57 for the controls. CONCLUSION: During episodes of depression, individuals with major depressive disorder experience changes in posture and mild dissatisfaction with body image. The findings demonstrate that the negative impact of depression includes emotional and physical factors.


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente a postura e a imagem corporal em pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior, durante o episódio depressivo e após tratamento medicamentoso, e comparar com voluntários sadios. MÉTODO: Durante o período de dez semanas, foram avaliados 34 indivíduos com depressão e 37 voluntários sadios. A postura foi avaliada através de fotos digitais e do software CorelDRAW. A imagem corporal foi avaliada através do Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: No episódio depressivo (em comparação ao período pós tratamento), os pacientes apresentaram aumento da flexão da cabeça (p < 0,001), aumento da cifose (p < 0,001), retroversão pélvica esquerda (p = 0,012) e abdução da escápula esquerda (p = 0,046). Na remissão, a postura foi similar ao grupo controle. Na comparação entre controles e transtorno depressivo maior, houve diferença para postura da cabeça (p < 0,001) e cifose torácica (p < 0,001). Na remissão houve diferença para a postura do ombro. A média dos escores do Body Shape Questionnaire foram 90,03 no episódio e 75,82 na remissão (p = 0,012). O grupo controle apresentou escore 62,57. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença da postura e insatisfação da imagem corporal durante o episódio em indivíduos com transtorno depressivo maior. Os achados destacam que o impacto negativo da depressão abrange tanto fatores emocionais quanto físicos.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Imagem Corporal , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Postura/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Distribuição por Sexo
16.
Braz J Psychiatry ; 32(4): 375-80, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21308258

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to quantify posture and body image in patients with major depressive disorder during episodes and after drug treatment, comparing the results with those obtained for healthy volunteers. METHOD: Over a 10-week period, we evaluated 34 individuals with depression and 37 healthy volunteers. Posture was assessed based on digital photos of the subjects; CorelDRAW software guidelines and body landmarks were employed. Body image was evaluated using the Body Shape Questionnaire. RESULTS: During depressive episodes (in comparison with the post-treatment period), patients showed increased head flexion (p<0.001), increased thoracic kyphosis (p<0.001), a trend toward left pelvic retroversion (p=0.012) and abduction of the left scapula (p=0.046). During remission, patient posture was similar to that of the controls. At week 1 (during the episode), there were significant differences between the patients and the controls in terms of head flexion (p<0.001) and thoracic kyphosis (p<0.001); at weeks 8-10 (after treatment), such differences were seen only for shoulder position. The mean score on the Body Shape Questionnaire was 90.03 during the depressive episode, compared with 75.82 during remission (p=0.012) and 62.57 for the controls. CONCLUSION: During episodes of depression, individuals with major depressive disorder experience changes in posture and mild dissatisfaction with body image. The findings demonstrate that the negative impact of depression includes emotional and physical factors.


Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Postura/fisiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Distribuição por Sexo , Adulto Jovem
19.
Int Braz J Urol ; 30(5): 420-4, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15610580

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphology of epididymis and tunica vaginalis as well as their anatomical anomalies in patients with testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 25 patients (50 testes) aged between 12 and 23 years (mean 15.6). Torsion length ranged from 2 hours to 2 days (mean 8 hours). Epididymal anatomy was classified in 6 groups: Type I--epididymis united to the testis by its head and tail; Type II--epididymis totally united to the testis; Type III--disjunction of epididymal tail; Type IV--disjunction of epididymal head; Type V--total disjunction between testis and epididymis, and Type VI--epididymal atresia. The type of torsion was classified in 3 groups: Group A--intravaginal torsion; Group B--extravaginal torsion and Group C--torsion due to long mesorchium. RESULTS: Of the 50 analyzed testes, 40 (80%) presented bell clapper deformity (with 21 presenting intravaginal torsion); 8 testes (16%) had long mesorchium (4 with torsion), and only 2 (4%) presented normal anatomy in the tunica vaginalis. The most frequently found anatomical relationship between testis and epididymis was Type I--38 cases (76%); Type II relationship was found in 6 cases (12%) and Type III relationship was found in 6 cases (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Intravaginal torsion is the most frequent type, and torsion due to long mesorchium is associated with cryptorchism. The most frequently found anatomical relation between testis and epididymis in the study group was Type I.


Assuntos
Epididimo/patologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologia , Testículo/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Masculino
20.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 30(5): 420-424, Sept.-Oct. 2004. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-388885

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphology of epididymis and tunica vaginalis as well as their anatomical anomalies in patients with testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 25 patients (50 testes) aged between 12 and 23 years (mean 15.6). Torsion length ranged from 2 hours to 2 days (mean 8 hours). Epididymal anatomy was classified in 6 groups: Type I - epididymis united to the testis by its head and tail; Type II - epididymis totally united to the testis; Type III - disjunction of epididymal tail; Type IV - disjunction of epididymal head; Type V - total disjunction between testis and epididymis, and Type VI - epididymal atresia. The type of torsion was classified in 3 groups: Group A - intravaginal torsion; Group B - extravaginal torsion and Group C - torsion due to long mesorchium. RESULTS: Of the 50 analyzed testes, 40 (80 percent) presented bell clapper deformity (with 21 presenting intravaginal torsion); 8 testes (16 percent) had long mesorchium (4 with torsion), and only 2 (4 percent) presented normal anatomy in the tunica vaginalis. The most frequently found anatomical relationship between testis and epididymis was Type I - 38 cases (76 percent); Type II relationship was found in 6 cases (12 percent) and Type III relationship was found in 6 cases (12 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Intravaginal torsion is the most frequent type, and torsion due to long mesorchium is associated with cryptorchism. The most frequently found anatomical relation between testis and epididymis in the study group was Type I.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Epididimo/patologia , Torção do Cordão Espermático/patologia , Testículo/patologia
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