Partial thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum: should we dig deeper into coagulopathy disorders?

Partial thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum, also known as partial priapism is a rare condition. The condition is known to be unilateral, and its aetiology is not well known. Usually, symptoms are pain and perineal mass and Magnetic Resonance is needed to confirm the diagnosis. In most cases the treatment is conservative with anticoagulation therapy. We present a case of partial thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum with a Factor V Leyden mutation.

Quantum quench and prethermalization dynamics in a two-dimensional fermi gas with long-range interactions.

We study the effect of suddenly turning on a long-range interaction in a spinless Fermi gas in two dimensions. The short- to intermediate-time dynamics is described using the method of bosonization of the Fermi surface. The space-time dependence of the nonequilibrium fermion density matrix as well as the evolution after the quench of the discontinuity at the Fermi momentum of the momentum distribution are computed. We find that the asymptotic state predicted by bosonization is consistent with the existence of a prethermalization plateau, which is also predicted by a perturbative approach in terms of the fermionic degrees of freedom. The bosonized representation, however, explicitly allows for the construction of the generalized Gibbs ensemble describing the prethermalized state.

Quantum spin Hall effect in two-dimensional crystals of transition-metal dichalcogenides.

We propose to engineer time-reversal-invariant topological insulators in two-dimensional crystals of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). We note that, at low doping, semiconducting TMDCs under shear strain will develop spin-polarized Landau levels residing in different valleys. We argue that gaps between Landau levels in the range of 10-100 K are within experimental reach. In addition, we point out that a superlattice arising from a moiré pattern can lead to topologically nontrivial subbands. As a result, the edge transport becomes quantized, which can be probed in multiterminal devices made using strained 2D crystals and/or heterostructures. The strong d character of valence and conduction bands may also allow for the investigation of the effects of electron correlations on the topological phases.

Effect of suddenly turning on interactions in the Luttinger model.

The evolution of correlations in the exactly solvable Luttinger model (a model of interacting fermions in one dimension) after a suddenly switched-on interaction is analytically studied. When the model is defined on a finite-size ring, zero-temperature correlations are periodic in time. However, in the thermodynamic limit, the system relaxes algebraically towards a stationary state which is well described, at least for some simple correlation functions, by the generalized Gibbs ensemble recently introduced by Rigol et al. (cond-mat/0604476). The critical exponent that characterizes the decay of the one-particle correlation function is different from the known equilibrium exponents. Experiments for which these results can be relevant are also discussed.

Dissipation-driven quantum phase transitions in a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid electrostatically coupled to a metallic gate.

The dissipation induced by a metallic gate on the low-energy properties of interacting 1D electron liquids is studied. As a function of the distance to the gate, or the electron density in the wire, the system can undergo a quantum phase transition from a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid to two kinds of dissipative phases, one of them with a finite spatial correlation length. We also define a dual model, which describes an attractive one-dimensional metal with a Josephson coupling to a dirty metallic lead.

Non-fermi-liquid behavior in quasi-one-dimensional Li0.9Mo6O17.

We present temperature dependent scanning tunneling spectroscopy data of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor Li0.9Mo6O17. The differential tunneling current in our low-temperature spectra shows a power-law behavior around the Fermi energy, which is expected for a clean Luttinger liquid. The power-law exponent is found to be 0.6. Spectra for a temperature range of 5 to 55 K can be fitted fairly well with a model for tunneling into a Luttinger liquid at the appropriate temperature. A fit with a model based on a zero bias anomaly is significantly worse compared to the Luttinger liquid model. No signature of a phase transition at T = 24 K is observed in our temperature dependent data.

Two-component Fermi gas on internal-state-dependent optical lattices.

We study the phase diagram of a one-dimensional, two-component (i.e., pseudo-"spin"-(1/2)) ultracold atomic Fermi gas. The two atom species can have different hopping or mass. A very rich phase diagram for equal densities of the species is found, containing Mott insulators and superfluids. We also discuss coupling such 1D systems and the experimental signatures of the phases. In particular, we compute the spin-structure factor at small momentum, which should reveal a spin gap.

Deconfinement in a 2D optical lattice of coupled 1D boson systems.

We show that a two-dimensional (2D) array of 1D interacting boson tubes has a deconfinement transition between a 1D Mott insulator and a 3D superfluid for commensurate fillings and a dimensional crossover for the incommensurate case. We determine the phase diagram and excitations of this system and discuss the consequences for Bose condensates loaded in 2D optical lattices.

Instabilities in binary mixtures of one-dimensional quantum degenerate gases.

We show that one-dimensional binary mixtures of bosons or of a boson and a spin-polarized fermion are Luttinger liquids with the following instabilities: (i) For different particle densities, strong attraction between the mixture components leads to collapse, while strong repulsion leads to demixing, and (ii) For a low-density mixture of two gases of impenetrable bosons (or a spin-polarized fermion and an impenetrable boson) of equal densities, the system develops a gap and exhibits enhanced pairing fluctuations when there is attraction between the components. In the boson-fermion mixture, the pairing fluctuations occur at finite momentum. Our conclusions apply to mixtures both on the continuum and on optical lattices away from integer or fractional commensurability.

Time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group: a systematic method for the study of quantum many-body out-of-equilibrium systems.

The density-matrix renormalization-group algorithm is extended to treat time-dependent problems. The method provides a systematic and robust tool to explore out-of-equilibrium phenomena in quantum many-body systems. We illustrate the method by showing that attractive interactions enhance the tunneling current between two Luttinger liquids, whereas repulsive interactions suppress it, in qualitative agreement with analytical predictions. Enhancement of the transport current through a quantum dot in the Kondo regime is also exhibited.

Anomalous quasiparticle lifetime in graphite: band structure effects.

We report ab initio calculations of quasiparticle lifetimes in graphite, as determined from the imaginary part of the self-energy operator within the GW approximation. The inverse lifetime in the energy range from 0.5 to 3.5 eV above the Fermi level presents significant deviations from the quadratic behavior naively expected from Fermi liquid theory. The deviations are explained in terms of the unique features of the band structure of this material. We also discuss the experimental results from different groups and make some predictions for future experiments.