Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors family is involved in the response to treatment and mild clinical course in patients with ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND: PPARs play an important role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation. METHODS: We included a total of 46 UC patients and 31 controls. The gene expression of PPARs was measured by RT-PCR and protein expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PPARα gene expression was significantly decreased in patients with active UC compared with remission UC group (P = 0.001) and controls (P = 0.001). We found that low gene expression of PPARα in mucosa confers a higher risk of UC activity (P ≤ 0.0001, OR = 22.6). We observed an increase of PPARα expression in patients with UC who were treated with 5-aminosalicylates compared with those who received any other combined therapy (P = 0.03, OR = 0.08). PPARγ gene expression was decreased in the active UC group compared with UC in remission (P = 0.001) and control group (P = 0.001). An increased expression of PPARγ gene was associated with mild clinical course of the disease (P ≤ 0.001, OR = 0.05). No gene expression of PPARß/δ was found in the colonic mucosa from UC patients and controls. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that patients with high gene expression of PPARs have a better response to medical treatment and a mild clinical course of the disease.

[Short bowel syndrome in children: a diagnosis and management update]. / Síndrome de intestino corto en niños: actualidades en su diagnóstico y manejo.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) refers to the sum of the functional alterations that are the result of a critical reduction in the length of the intestine, which in the absence of adequate treatment, presents as chronic diarrhea, chronic dehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, nutriment and electrolyte deficiency, along with a failure to grow that is present with greater frequency during the neonatal period. The aim was to carry out a review of the literature encompassing the definition and the most frequent causes of SBS, together with an understanding of its physiopathology, prognostic factors, and treatment. An Internet search of PubMed articles was carried out for the existing information published over the last 20 years on SBS in children, using the keywords "short bowel syndrome". From a total of 784 potential articles, 82 articles were chosen for the literature review. The treatment of patients presenting with SBS is quite a challenge and therefore it is necessary to establish multidisciplinary management with a focus on maintaining optimal nutritional support that covers the necessities of growth and development and at the same time provides a maximum reduction of short, medium, and long-term complications. The diagnosis and treatment of a child with SBS require a team of professionals that are experts in gastroenterologic, pediatric, and nutritional management. The outcome for the child will be directly related to opportune management, as well as to the length of the intestinal resection and the presence or absence of the ileocecal valve.

Indices de funcion renal en el diagnostico diferencial entre oliguria funcional e insuficiencia renal aguda en el nino recien nacido. / Renal function indices in the differential diagnosis between functional oliguria and acute renal failure in the newborn infant

Veintiocho recien nacidos con oliguria fueron estudiados prospectivamente con el fin de evaluar los diferentes indices de la funcion renal en el diagnostico diferencial entre oliguria funcional prerrenal e insuficiencia renal aguda. Se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas de los resultados obtenidos para el U/P de urea, U/P de creatinina, sodio urinario, U/P de sodio y excrecion fraccionada de sodio por urea, entre los pacientes con OFP e IRA. Sin embargo, se superpusieron los valores extremos de estos indices entre los recien nacidos con OFP e IRA. Por lo contrario, la excrecion fraccionada de sodio por creatinina y el indice de fallo renal tuvieron una marcada diferencia y sus valores extremos no se superpusieron entre los recien nacidos con OFP e IRA, constituyendose en los mejores indicadores para la diferenciacion entre OFP e IRA en recien nacidos de cualquier edad gestacional