A rare case of combined small cell lung carcinoma with heterologous component of rhabdomyosarcoma diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided biopsy.

We describe an unusual case of combined small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) with a heterologous sarcomatous component of rhabdomyosarcoma in a 61-year-old male smoker. The diagnosis was made using endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy. This report highlights the challenges of diagnosing small round blue cell tumors in limited material and the importance of ancillary testing. The histologic diagnosis informed clinical management and therapy.

Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in an intensive care unit of a community hospital; retrospective cohort study.

Background: The limited data available so far has shown a high mortality rate among COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Possible risk factors for poor outcomes in this type of patients need to be analyzed so we can identify strategies to reduce mortality. Objective: Characterized the COVID-19 experience in Community hospital ICU. Methods: Single center retrospective cohort study involving all adult patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 infection. Results: 132 patients were admitted to ICU during the study period. There was a preponderance for males and the most common ethnicity was Hispanic. The overall mortality was 69%, and mortality after intubation was 76%. In the multivariable analysis older Age (OR = 15.7), Obesity (OR = 2.92) and Mechanical Ventilation (OR = 12.0) were found to be a significant independent risk factor for increased mortality. Conclusion: Our study confirms the high mortality rate in patients critically ill with COVID-19 requiring ICU care especially among older age group, mechanically ventilated and obese patients. Overall outcomes are comparable to larger tertiary care centers. Our findings highlight the need to plan for optimal resource allocation and tailoring therapies to target the disease so as to improve outcomes.

Confirmed E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) with lung biopsy; A case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: E-cigarette or vaping has become an increasingly popular alternative to smoking tobacco. In September 2019 multiple cases of confirmed E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury were published. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the pathologic mechanism of this condition. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review in PubMed and EMBASE aiming to obtain additional clinical data on confirmed E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury cases with lung biopsy results. With this information we hope to determine whether this condition is related to a histopathological pattern of acute lung injury instead of lipid deposits. RESULTS: Seven articles were reviewed and a total of 27 cases were included. Imaging findings predominantly showed presence of diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities. A majority of patients had complete resolution of the disease. The most common histopathological pattern was organizing pneumonia present in almost half of the patients. Other frequently occurring patterns included diffuse alveolar damage and acute fibrinous pneumonitis; lipoid pneumonia was found in one case. CONCLUSION: The underlying pathophysiological mechanism in E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury is most likely acute lung injury related to direct inhalant-mediated parenchymal inflammation.

Comprehensive treatment in severe dengue during preterm and term labor: could tocolysis be useful?

Objective: There is lack of data on the management of severe dengue infection during labor. The objective of this study was to describe our experience in the management of preterm and term labor of pregnant patients with severe dengue infection and thrombocytopenia.Materials and methods: We describe patients with dengue infection confirmed by dengue serology or NS1 antigen in Cali, Colombia. All of the patients had warning or severity signs for dengue and initiated labor, either term or preterm, during their hospital stay. All had thrombocytopenia at the moment labor started. Therefore, we treated them with support management, including intravenous fluids and a tocolytic agent (either atosiban, magnesium sulfate or nifedipine). Tocolytics aimed to stop contractions until platelets were in a safe range previous to delivery. Platelets transfusions were performed if the count was less than 10,000 cells/ml and active bleeding was present. The primary outcome we evaluated was postpartum hemorrhage (defined as a loss of >500 ml following a vaginal delivery or >1000 ml after cesarean section) or maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.Results: We present a total of six pregnant women. The median platelet count 24 h previous to delivery was 94,000 cells/ml and after tocolysis was 132,500 cells/ml. Two patients suffered postpartum hemorrhage despite the management. Only one woman required platelet transfusion. No maternal or newborn mortality were present. Three patients were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Four patients had delivery via cesarean section. Five out of six newborns required hospitalization, three of them due to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.Conclusion: Comprehensive treatment including fluids resuscitation and uterine inhibition in pregnant women with severe dengue in preterm or term labor could be useful. More clinical studies are required to evaluate the benefit of this intervention in tropical countries.Brief rationale: We present an original research article and literature review entitled "Comprehensive treatment in severe dengue during preterm and term labor: could tocolysis be useful?". Our article describes the clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, complications and management provided to a group of six patients that presented to the hospital with acute dengue virus infection and initiated labor while viremic and thrombocytopenic in this study.In the present study, we found that most of our patients (5 out of 6), presented with signs of severe dengue fever and all of the patients had warning signs. In this population, we decided to provide support treatment and tocolytic agents to these patients with the aim of delaying labor to allow platelet count to rise, thus reducing the odds of hemorrhagic complications. We concluded that although tocolysis is not regularly used in patients with dengue fever, our results suggest that our protocol could benefit pregnant patients with thrombocytopenia due to dengue; however, prospective studies which determine the safety and effectiveness of our intervention are needed.

Clinical characterization of patients with severe leptospirosis in a tertiary hospital in Cali, Colombia, 2010-2016 / Caracterización clínica de la leptospirosis grave en un hospital de alta complejidad de Cali, Colombia, 2010-2016

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an endemic bacterial infection in Colombia. Its clinical course can be variable and occasionally fatal. There are few studies in the country about severe cases of leptospirosis. Objectives: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of leptospirosis, and their management in a high complexity hospital. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of patients with a serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis between 2010 and 2016. Results: We analyzed 87 patients, 74% of them were men, and 84% were older than 18 years; 35% had a comorbidity, the most common being arterial hypertension (16%) and diabetes mellitus (9%). The most frequent symptoms were fever, nausea, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. The majority of patients required hospitalization in general wards (61%), with a median stay of six days; 34% required management in the intensive care unit, with a median stay of five days. Mortality was 1.1% (n=1). All patients received treatment with either ceftriaxone or doxycycline. Conclusions: There is a risk of leptospira infections having a late diagnosis given their unspecific clinical presentation, which generates a high number of differential diagnoses. The early management in the intensive care unit could decrease the incidence of complications and the mortality of patients with leptospirosis.

Introducción. La leptospirosis es una infección bacteriana endémica en Colombia. Su curso clínico puede ser variable y, en ocasiones, fatal. Hay pocos estudios en el país sobre los casos graves de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leptospirosis grave hospitalizados en salas generales o atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de cuarto nivel. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes adultos y niños con diagnóstico serológico de leptospirosis entre el 2010 y el 2016. Resultados. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 87 pacientes, 74 % de los cuales correspondía a hombres y, el 84 %, a mayores de 18 años. El 35 % tenía alguna comorbilidad y la hipertensión arterial sistémica (16 %) y la diabetes mellitus (9 %) fueron las más comunes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, náuseas, astenia, mialgias, artralgias y dolor abdominal. El 34 % requirió atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una mediana de estancia de 5 días. El 61 % requirió hospitalización en sala general, con una mediana de estancia de 6 días. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento antibiótico con ceftriaxona o doxiciclina. La tasa de letalidad fue del 1,1 % (n=1). Conclusiones. La infección por Leptospira spp. tiene el riesgo de diagnosticarse de manera tardía por su presentación clínica inespecífica, lo que implica considerar un gran número de diagnósticos diferenciales. La atención temprana de los pacientes con cuadros graves de esta enfermedad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, puede evitar una mayor incidencia de complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad.

Emerging carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas spp. infections in Cali, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Aeromonas species are renowned enteric pathogens with virulence determinants linked to human diseases, such as gastroenteritis, skin, soft-tissue and muscle infections, and septicemia. A recent concern of resistance in this organism has emerged, especially the presence carbapenemases. Herein we describe a case series of emerging carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas species infection in our hospital in Cali, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases from 2012 to 2018 are reported. Clinical data was abstracted from the clinical charts and laboratory information. Phenotypic detection of resistance was identified using the VITEK®2 system (BioMérieux) and broth microdilution MicroScan WalkAway plus System (Beckman Coulter). CARBA NP-test and multiplex qPCR assay was performed in 11 isolates to identify genes encoding carbapenemases (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM). RESULTS: 21 cases of Aeromonas infection in hospitalized patients with phenotypic resistance to carbapenems were studied. The median age was 50 years, 55% (12/21) were male, and 67% (14/21) were healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Aeromonas hydrophila was the most common species (19/21). Forty-three percent (9/21) of the patients were immunocompromised. The mortality was 33% (7/21), and in patients with bacteremia was 100%. Most patients received empirical treatment with meropenem and failed to this treatment. PCR amplification tests showed negative results for the carbapenemases analyzed. CONCLUSION: Emerging phenotypic carbapenem-resistant infection has been seen in our hospital, most as HAI. High mortality was found, especially in immunocompromised patients and in those who failled empirical treatment with carbapenems. As the main carbapenemases tested were negative, carbapenem-resistant could be attributed to an intrinsic metallo-ß-lactamase, CphA encoded by the cphA gene, possible hyperproduction of ampC ß-lactamase and/or porins expression.

Caracterización clínica de la leptospirosis grave en un hospital de alta complejidad de Cali, Colombia, 2010-2016 / Clinical characterization of patients with severe leptospirosis in a tertiary hospital in Cali, Colombia, 2010-2016

Resumen Introducción. La leptospirosis es una infección bacteriana endémica en Colombia. Su curso clínico puede ser variable y, en ocasiones, fatal. Hay pocos estudios en el país sobre los casos graves de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas y clínicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de leptospirosis grave hospitalizados en salas generales o atendidos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital de cuarto nivel. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de los pacientes adultos y niños con diagnóstico serológico de leptospirosis entre el 2010 y el 2016. Resultados. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de 87 pacientes, 74 % de los cuales correspondía a hombres y, el 84 %, a mayores de 18 años. El 35 % tenía alguna comorbilidad y la hipertensión arterial sistémica (16 %) y la diabetes mellitus (9 %) fueron las más comunes. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, náuseas, astenia, mialgias, artralgias y dolor abdominal. El 34 % requirió atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una mediana de estancia de 5 días. El 61 % requirió hospitalización en sala general, con una mediana de estancia de 6 días. Todos los casos recibieron tratamiento antibiótico con ceftriaxona o doxiciclina. La tasa de letalidad fue del 1,1 % (n=1). Conclusiones. La infección por Leptospira spp. tiene el riesgo de diagnosticarse de manera tardía por su presentación clínica inespecífica, lo que implica considerar un gran número de diagnósticos diferenciales. La atención temprana de los pacientes con cuadros graves de esta enfermedad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, puede evitar una mayor incidencia de complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis is an endemic bacterial infection in Colombia. Its clinical course can be variable and occasionally fatal. There are few studies in the country about severe cases of leptospirosis. Objectives: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of leptospirosis, and their management in a high complexity hospital. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of patients with a serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis between 2010 and 2016. Results: We analyzed 87 patients, 74% of them were men, and 84% were older than 18 years; 35% had a comorbidity, the most common being arterial hypertension (16%) and diabetes mellitus (9%). The most frequent symptoms were fever, nausea, fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. The majority of patients required hospitalization in general wards (61%), with a median stay of six days; 34% required management in the intensive care unit, with a median stay of five days. Mortality was 1.1% (n=1). All patients received treatment with either ceftriaxone or doxycycline. Conclusions: There is a risk of leptospira infections having a late diagnosis given their unspecific clinical presentation, which generates a high number of differential diagnoses. The early management in the intensive care unit could decrease the incidence of complications and the mortality of patients with leptospirosis.

A scoping review of transmission of dengue virus from donors to recipients after solid organ transplantation.

Dengue virus can infect humans through vectorial and non-vectorial transmission. Classically, non-vectorial transmission has been related to vertical transmission and health care-associated infections, but recently transmission to solid organ and bone marrow recipients has been reported. We performed a scoping review of the available literature searching for evidence on screening for dengue in potential organ donors and the use of these infected organs. From 372 unique records identified, 17 were eligible to be included in our scoping study. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, three studies were included. These studies described a total of six patients from India (two case reports; n=2) and Colombia (one case series; n=4). Three patients received a liver, two received a kidney and one had a heart transplant. The onset of symptoms occurred in the first week after transplant in all cases and all experienced fever as the primary symptom. All patients presented thrombocytopenia with a platelet count <50 000. None of the patients developed graft rejection. However, four patients presented graft complications. No recipient deaths occurred. There is not a strong recommendation for dengue screening of donors in transplantation guidelines, but in endemic areas, physicians should be aware of this type of transmission before transplantation.

Ileostomía y lavado colónico anterógrado con Vancomicina en el manejo de infección por Clostridium difficile / Anterograde colonic lavage with Vancomycin via ileostomy for the management of Clostridium difficile infection. A case report

La infección por Clostridium difficile es la principal causa de diarrea asociada al cuidado de la salud. Durante los últimos años se ha incrementado la morbilidad y mortalidad por esta infección. Las recientes investigaciones se orientan a la búsqueda de tratamientos alternativos a la colectomía subtotal para los pacientes con infecciones severas por Clostridium difficile, es por esto que el presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer la revisión del caso clínico de una paciente con colitis severa por Clostridium difficile refractaria al manejo de primera línea, que respondió satisfactoriamente al tratamiento con lavado colónico anterógrado con vancomicina vía ileostomía en asa.

Clostridium difficile infection is the main cause of diarrhea in health care settings. Such infections have led to an increase in morbidity and mortality in recent years. Alternative treatments to subtotal colectomy have been sought for patients with severe infections caused by Clostridium difficile. The objective of this article is to present a clinical case report of a patient with severe colitis caused by Clostridium difficile that was refractory to first-line management, which responded satisfac torily to treatment with anterograde colonic lavages with vancomycin via loop ileostomy.

Invasive fungal infection by Aspergillus flavus in immunocompetent hosts: A case series and literature review.

Invasive aspergillosis usually affects immunocompromised hosts with variable manifestations depending on the site of infection. In this article, we present two cases of invasive Aspergillosis in two non-immunocompromised patients; both cases had a paranasal sinuses infection, with intraorbital and intracranial extension, requiring surgery and antifungal treatment with Voriconazole. These cases were initially diagnosed as paranasal sinus neoplasms. However, the pathology and microbiology studies revealed invasive fungal infection by Aspergillus flavus.

Comparación de las características y curso clínico de la endocarditis infecciosa por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino sensible versus meticilino resistente / Characteristics and clinical course of endocarditis due to Methicillin-sensitive versus methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Resumen Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los agentes causales más comunes de la endocarditis infecciosa. Se reportan pocos estudios en Latinoamérica acerca de las diferencias entre los perfiles de resistencia a la meticilina. Objetivo: Describir las características y el curso clínico de los pacientes con S. aureus sensible a meticilina frente al resistente. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, cohorte histórica de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico confirmado de endocarditis entre los años 2011 y 2015. Se seleccionaron pacientes positivos para S. aureus comparando las características y el curso clínico entre los casos S. aureus sensible a meticilina frente al resistente. Resultados: Se estudiaron 86 pacientes con endocarditis. 28 (33%) tenían infección por S. aureus. 21 (75%) tenían endocarditis por S. aureus sensible a meticilina y 7 (25%) por S. aureus resistente a meticilina. En el grupo S. aureus sensible a meticilina, 11 (52,3%) fueron infecciones asociadas a atención en salud. La mayoría de casos de S. aureus resistente a meticilina fueron (85,7%) adquiridos en comunidad. La mortalidad de endocarditis por S. aureus sensible a meticilina fue superior a la causada por el resistente (33,3% vs. 14%). Conclusiones: S. aureus sigue siendo el agente más frecuente en endocarditis, más comúnmente el sensible a la meticilina. Los eventos embólicos y la gravedad fueron mayores en S. aureus sensible a meticilina. La mayor proporción de endocarditis debido a S. aureus resistente a meticilina se adquirió en la comunidad, por lo que se sugiere iniciar cobertura empírica contra S. aureus resistente a meticilina en todo caso de endocarditis adquirida en la comunidad.

Abstract Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common sources of infectious endocarditis. There are few studies in Latin America that report on the differences between the methicillin resistance profiles. Objective: To describe the characteristics and clinical course of patients with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) compared to methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) Methods: An observational, retrospective study was conducted on a historical cohort of adult patients with a confirmed diagnosis of endocarditis between the years 2011 and 2015. Patients positive for S. aureus were selected and the characteristics and clinical course and the cases of MSSA were compared with those of MRSA. Results: A total of 86 patients with endocarditis were included, of whom 28 (33%) had an infection due to S. aureus, and 21 (75%) had endocarditis due to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, and 7 (25%) due to MRSA. In the MSSA group, 11 (52.3%) were infections associated with health care. The majority (85.7%) of cases of MRSA were community acquired. The endocarditis mortality due to MSSA was higher than that caused by MRSA (33.3% vs. 14%). Conclusions: S. aureus continues to be the most common agent in endocarditis, with MSSA being more common. The embolic events and the severity were greater in MSSA. The majority of endocarditis due to MRSA is acquired in the community, and for this reason it is suggested starting empirical cover against MRSA in all cases of community acquired endocarditis.

Chikungunya in solid organ transplant recipients, a case series and literature review.

Chikungunya virus is a recent emerging arbovirus in Latin America, and the clinical manifestations can vary from fever and rash to severe chronic inflammatory arthritis. Few reports have been published regarding this infection in immunocompromised patients, including solid organ transplant recipients. We report a case series of solid organ transplant recipients with confirmed Chikungunya infection by positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), identified between January 2014 and December 2016. In addition, we conducted a literature review searching PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS databases on Chikungunya infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Ten solid organ transplant recipients were included, consisting of 5 kidney, 4 liver, and 1 liver/kidney transplant recipient. Mean age of the transplant recipients was 47 years, and the most frequent symptoms of Chikungunya infection were arthralgia and fever. None of the patients required treatment in the intensive care unit, no deaths or graft rejection occurred. None of our patients had recurrent arthritis during 3-month follow-up period after the infection. Twenty-one cases of Chikungunya virus were identified in the literature review. Most cases had a benign clinical course with no severe complications, death, or chronic inflammatory arthritis. In conclusion, Chikungunya infection in solid organ transplant recipients has a benign course and has no chronic recurrent arthritis. It is possible that the immunosuppression regimen could decrease the risk of severe or chronic inflammatory manifestations in solid organ transplant recipients infected with Chikungunya.

Transmission of dengue virus from deceased donors to solid organ transplant recipients: case report and literature review.

Dengue fever is a vector-transmitted viral infection. Non-vectorial forms of transmission can occur through organ transplantation. We reviewed medical records of donors and recipients with suspected dengue in the first post-transplant week. We used serologic and molecular analysis to confirm the infection. Herein, we describe four cases of dengue virus transmission through solid organ transplantation. The recipients had positive serology and RT-PCR. Infection in donors was detected through serology. All cases presented with fever within the first week after transplantation. There were no fatal cases. After these cases, we implemented dengue screening with NS1 antigen detection in donors during dengue outbreaks, and no new cases were detected. In the literature review, additional cases had been published through August 2017. Transmission of Dengue virus can occur through organ donation. In endemic regions, it is important to suspect and screen for dengue in febrile and thrombocytopenic recipients in the postoperative period.

Transmission of dengue virus from deceased donors to solid organ transplant recipients: case report and literature review

ABSTRACT Dengue fever is a vector-transmitted viral infection. Non-vectorial forms of transmission can occur through organ transplantation. We reviewed medical records of donors and recipients with suspected dengue in the first post-transplant week. We used serologic and molecular analysis to confirm the infection. Herein, we describe four cases of dengue virus transmission through solid organ transplantation. The recipients had positive serology and RT-PCR. Infection in donors was detected through serology. All cases presented with fever within the first week after transplantation. There were no fatal cases. After these cases, we implemented dengue screening with NS1 antigen detection in donors during dengue outbreaks, and no new cases were detected. In the literature review, additional cases had been published through August 2017. Transmission of Dengue virus can occur through organ donation. In endemic regions, it is important to suspect and screen for dengue in febrile and thrombocytopenic recipients in the postoperative period.

Desenlaces clínicos en una cohorte de pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y administración intracoronaria de tirofiban / Clinical outcomes in cohor of patients with acute coronary syndrome and intracoronary tirofiban administration

Introducción: Los inhibidores de glicoproteína IIb/IIIa reducen los eventos cardiovasculares mayores adversos (MACE) en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de MACE y desenlaces de seguridad en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo llevados a intervención percutánea coronaria primaria y administración intracoronaria e intravenosa de tirofiban comparado con una población donde no se administró dicho medicamento. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte prospectiva. Se incluyeron adultos con síndrome coronario agudo desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2012. Se realizó un modelo de riesgos proporcionales a un mes de seguimiento donde se evaluó el riesgo de MACE siendo la variable de interés el uso de tirofiban intracoronario e intravenoso. Resultados: Se incluyeron 382 pacientes. Un 46% (174 pacientes) recibieron tirofiban intracoronario. El promedio de edad fue 65 años vs. 60 años en los que no recibieron tirofiban (p = 0,00). La tasa de incidencia de MACE a un mes de seguimiento fue 13/1000 eventos y 15/1000 eventos entre los que recibieron y no tirofiban respectivamente (Logrank test = 0,935). El uso de tirofiban no se relacionó con menor incidencia de MACE (HR 1,09 95% IC 0,72-1,65) ni con sangrado mayor a un mes de seguimiento (1,72% vs. 2,88% p = 0,456). Conclusiones: El uso de tirofiban intracoronario e intravenoso en pacientes con evento coronario agudo no se relacionó con menor incidencia de MACE ni eventos de sangrado en esta población, sin embargo, se deben tener en cuenta otras variables clínicas y de severidad del evento coronario no medidas que pudieron influir en los resultados.

Introduction: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Objective: To determine the major adverse cardiovascular events and safety of intracoronary and intravenous tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndrome with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to a group of patients without this medication. Material and methods:rospective cohort. Adults with acute coronary syndrome from January 2010 to December 2012 were included. A proportional hazard regression model after 1 month of follow up where the risk of MACE and the interest variable was intracoronary and intravenous tirofiban were assessed. Results: 382 patients were included. 46% (174 patients) received intracoronary tirofiban. The average age was 65 years vs. 60 years in the group of non-tirofiban users (p = 0.00). The rate of MACE at the first month was od 13/1000 events and 15/1000 events respectively in the group tirofiban and non-tirofiban (log rank test 0,935). The tirofiban use was neither related to a lower incidence of MACE (HR 1.09 95% IC 0.72 1.65) nor to major bleeding after the first month of follow up (1.72% vs. 2.88% respectively, p = 0.456). Conclusions: Intracoronary and intravenous tirofiban in patients with acute coronary syndrome was neither related to lower incidence of MACE nor to bleeding events; however, it should be taken into account that other clinical variables and the severity of unquantified coronary events might influence the results.