Effect of Methadone Combined With Acepromazine or Detomidine on Sedation and Dissociative Anesthesia in Healthy Horses.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of methadone combined with detomidine or acepromazine on the quality of sedation and its influence over dissociative anesthesia in healthy horses. In a crossover design, seven horses were administered with 0.1 mg/kg methadone and 0.02 mg/kg detomidine intravenously (group MD) or 0.1 mg/kg methadone and 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine intravenously (group MA). Subsequently, anesthesia was induced with a combination of 2.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.1 mg/kg midazolam intravenously. Descriptive scales and footages were used to evaluate the quality of sedation, induction, anesthesia maintenance, and recovery. Physiological parameters, arterial blood gas, and electrolytes were assessed from baseline to the recovery of anesthesia. The MA group showed lower arterial blood pressure and higher heart rate compared with the group MD. A slight decrease in arterial blood oxygen levels was observed after recumbency, more prominently in the MA group. There was no difference in the quality or time of induction or maintenance or recovery of anesthesia between groups. The results suggest that both premedication protocols produce good sedation and quality of anesthesia. Methadone combined with detomidine produced a good cardiopulmonary stability compared with methadone combined with acepromazine and might be safer to be used as premedication for dissociative anesthesia compared with methadone combined with acepromazine in healthy horses.

Técnicas anatômicas no ensino da prática de anatomia animal / Anatomical techniques in the animal anatomy practice teaching

A preocupação quanto a conservação de peças anatômicas existe a mais de 5 mil anos, pois o uso de peças cadavéricas são indispensáveis para o ensino, contribuindo com a melhora das habilidades aplicativas, assimilativas e compreensivas da disciplina. Esse trabalho propõe maior utilização das técnicas apresentadas em laboratórios de anatomia, visando abolir o uso do formol como conservante, permitindo um ambiente agradável para a prática da relação ensino-aprendizagem. Para isso foram utilizadas quatro técnicas anatômicas, a criodesidratação, glicerinação, injeção de látex e injeção de vinilite seguido de corrosão, que foram executadas utilizando cães, gatos e órgãos provenientes de doações. Com a criodesidratação e glicerinação os materiais anatômicos ficaram consideravelmente mais leves do que eram quando mantidos em formol, mantendo-se inodoros, diferente do evidenciado na utilização de formol e outros conservantes. As estruturas de estudo das peças ficaram intactas, de fácil visualização e o armazenamento passou a ser feito em caixas fechadas sem qualquer tipo de liquido, mantendo-se assim por até 3 anos. As técnicas de injeção de látex e vinilite seguido de corrosão mostraram total eficiência preenchendo os sistemas injetados, podendo visualizar as ramificações e todo caminho percorrido no sistema circulatório. As quatro técnicas anatômicas estudadas nesse trabalho mostraram ser suficientes para atender as necessidades dos estudantes quanto ao estudo da anatomia, devido à perfeita evidenciação de estruturas externas e internas dos animais.

The concern about preservation of anatomical specimens in existence for over 5000 years, since the use of anatomical parts, are indispensable for teaching and contribute for the improvement of applicative, assimilative skills and understanding of the discipline. This paper proposes better use of techniques in anatomy laboratories, to abolish the use of formaldehyde as preservative, allowing a pleasant environment for the practice of teaching/learning relationship. For this purpose, we used four anatomical techniques, (1) the cryodehydration, (2) glycerin conservation, (3) latex injection and (4) vinylite injection followed corrosion, we executed using dogs, cats and organs from donations. With cryodehydration and glycerin conservation the anatomical materials were considerably lighter than when kept in formaldehyde, odorless unlike in the use of formaldehyde and other preservatives. The structures to be studied were kept intact, easily to view, and the specimens could be stored in closed boxes without any liquid, thus remaining for up to 3 years. The Injection techniques (latex and vinylite followed by corrosion) showed total efficiency to inject filling systems, and allowed a clear view of all ramifications and paths of the circulatory system. The four anatomical techniques studied were shown to be sufficient to meet the needs of students to study anatomy due to the perfect disclosure of external and internal animal structures.