Effectiveness of a universal personalized intervention for the prevention of anxiety disorders: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial (the prevANS project).

Background: To date, all preventive anxiety disorders interventions are one-fit-all and none of them are based on individual level and risk profile. The aim of this project is to design, develop and evaluate an online personalized intervention based on a risk algorithm for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders in the general population. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel arms (prevANS vs usual care) and 1-year follow-up including 2000 participants without anxiety disorders from Spain and Portugal will be conducted.The prevANS intervention will be self-guided and can be implemented from the prevANS web or from the participants' Smartphone (through an App). The prevANS intervention will have different intensities depending on the risk level of the population, evaluated from the risk algorithm for anxiety: predictA. Both low and moderate-high risk participants will receive information on their level and profile (risk factors) of anxiety disorders, will have access to stress management tools and psychoeducational information periodically. In addition, participants with a moderate-high risk of anxiety disorders will also have access to cognitive-behavioral training (problem-solving, decision-making, communication skills, and working with thoughts). The control group will not receive any intervention, but they will fill out the same questionnaires as the intervention group.Assessments will be completed at baseline, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders. Secondary outcomes include depressive and anxiety symptoms, risk probability of anxiety disorders (predictA algorithm) and depression (predictD algorithm), improvement in physical and mental quality of life, and acceptability and satisfaction with the intervention. In addition, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses will also be carried out from two perspectives, societal and health system, and analyses of mediators and moderators will also be performed. Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, prevANS study will be the first to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a personalized online intervention based on a risk predictive algorithm for the universal prevention of anxiety disorders. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05682365.

Identification of Cry toxin receptor genes homologs in a de novo transcriptome of Premnotrypes vorax (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The white potato worm Premnotrypes vorax (Hustache) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive insect pests of potato crops in South America. Like many coleopteran insects, P. vorax shows low susceptibility to Cry insecticidal proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, the presence of Cry toxin receptors in the midgut of this this insect has never been studied. The main Cry-binding proteins described in other insect species are cadherin (CAD), aminopeptidase N (APN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. In this study, we analyzed and validated a de novo assembled transcriptome of Illumina sequencing data to identify and to characterize homologs of Cry toxin receptors. We identified the protein sequences in P. vorax that show high identity with their orthologous sequences of the Cry toxin binding proteins in other coleopteran larvae such as APN, ALP, CAD and ABC transporter. This study provides preliminary identification of putative receptor genes of Cry proteins that would be useful for future studies involving biocontrol of this important potato crop pest.

Proteínas de Bacillus thuringiensis con actividad citotóxica: Parasporinas / Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis with cytotoxic activity: Parasporins

RESUMEN Las toxinas Cry de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) han sido reconocidas por su acción biocontroladora contra insectos plaga. Recientemente se ha descrito que algunas cepas de Bt codifican proteínas que no presentan actividad insecticida, pero al ser enfrentadas a líneas celulares de cáncer de diferentes tipos han demostrado actividad citotóxica. Estas proteínas han sido denominadas parasporinas (PS) y surgen como una potencial alternativa para el tratamiento del cáncer debido a que presentan citotoxicidad hacia diferentes líneas celulares cancerígenas y baja o nula citotoxicidad hacia células normales.

ABSTRACT Cry toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been recognized for their biocontrol action against insect pests. Recently it has been described some strains of Bt produce proteins without insecticidal activity, but when cancer cell lines of different types are exposed to these proteins they have demonstrated cytotoxic activity. These proteins have been called parasporins (PS) and are a potential alternative for the treatment of cancer because they have high cytotoxicity in different cancer cell lines, and null or low toxic activity in normal cells.

Finite magnetic relaxation in x-space magnetic particle imaging: Comparison of measurements and ferrohydrodynamic models.

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is an emerging tomographic imaging technology that detects magnetic nanoparticle tracers by exploiting their non-linear magnetization properties. In order to predict the behavior of nanoparticles in an imager, it is possible to use a non-imaging MPI relaxometer or spectrometer to characterize the behavior of nanoparticles in a controlled setting. In this paper we explore the use of ferrohydrodynamic magnetization equations for predicting the response of particles in an MPI relaxometer. These include a magnetization equation developed by Shliomis (Sh) which has a constant relaxation time and a magnetization equation which uses a field-dependent relaxation time developed by Martsenyuk, Raikher and Shliomis (MRSh). We compare the predictions from these models with measurements and with the predictions based on the Langevin function that assumes instantaneous magnetization response of the nanoparticles. The results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the ferrohydrodynamic models and the measurements without the use of fitting parameters and provide further evidence of the potential of ferrohydrodynamic modeling in MPI.

Cholinergic system and cell proliferation.

The cholinergic system, comprising acetylcholine, the proteins responsible for acetylcholine synthesis and release, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases, is expressed by most human cell types. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, but also a local signalling molecule which regulates basic cell functions, and cholinergic responses are involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. So, activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors has a proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect in many cells. The content of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases is altered in many tumours, and cholinesterase content correlates with patient survival in some cancers. During apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase is induced and appears in the nuclei. Acetylcholinesterase participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis through hydrolysis of acetylcholine and by other catalytic and non catalytic mechanisms, in a variant-specific manner. This review gathers information on the role of cholinergic system and specially acetylcholinesterase in cell proliferation and apoptosis.

[Opinions of healthcare professionals on the definition of severe mental illness: a qualitative study]. / Opiniones de los profesionales del ámbito sanitario acerca de la definición de trastorno mental grave. Un estudio cualitativo.

BACKGROUND: Over the years, a number of definitions of severe mental illness (SMI) have been proposed and substantial controversy about the definition still remains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the views of a group of mental health professionals on the appropriate criteria for defining SMI. METHODOLOGY: This was a qualitative study, based on five focus groups with mental health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, general practitioners, monitors and social workers) from Carlos Haya Hospital in Malaga, Spain. A content analysis was performed on the transcriptions by three independent researchers. RESULTS: The professionals agreed that a certain degree of dysfunctionality must be present for a definition of SMI. There was some disagreement between the different categories of professionals regarding the inclusion of dimensions such as diagnosis, family and social support, use of healthcare resources and duration of the illness as necessary and sufficient criteria for the definition of SMI. From the professionals' discourse, some personal patient variables such as age of onset of illness, lack of insight and level of education emerged as relevant for the definition of SMI. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from the dimensions considered in the literature, the interviewed mental health professionals discussed other criteria that could be taken into account in the definition of SMI. Perceptions differ between categories of professional and work settings in which they operate.

Opiniones de los profesionales del ámbito sanitario acerca de la definición de trastorno mental grave. Un estudio cualitativo / Opinions of healthcare professionals on the definition of severe mental illness. A qualitative study

Fundamento: Aunque a lo largo de los años se han propuesto diferentes definiciones de trastorno mental grave (TMG), aún existe una gran controversia a la hora de obtener una definición consensuada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la opinión de un grupo de profesionales de la red pública de servicios sanitarios sobre cuáles son los criterios que se deben tener en cuenta en la definición de TMG. Método: Estudio cualitativo en el cual se llevaron a cabo 5 grupos focales con profesionales (psiquiatras, psicólogos, enfermeras, médicos de familia, monitores y trabajadores sociales) relacionados con la atención a la salud mental del área de la Unidad de Gestión Clínica Salud Mental del Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya de Málaga (España). Se codificaron las transcripciones mediante un análisis de contenido llevado a cabo por tres investigadoras de forma independiente. Resultados: Los profesionales entrevistados estuvieron de acuerdo en que debe tenerse en cuenta un cierto grado de disfuncionalidad para la definición de un TMG. Sin embargo, existía cierta discrepancia en función de la profesión en la inclusión de dimensiones como el diagnóstico, el soporte familiar y social, el uso de recursos sanitarios y la duración de la enfermedad como criterios necesarios y suficientes para la definición de TMG. En el discurso de los profesionales emergieron variables personales de los pacientes como la edad de comienzo de la enfermedad, la falta de insight y el nivel de formación, como relevantes para la definición del TMG. Conclusión: Además de las dimensiones propuestas por la literatura, los profesionales de salud mental entrevistados consideran otros criterios a tener en cuenta en la definición del TMG. Los discursos difieren en función de la profesión y ámbito laboral al que pertenecen (AU)

Background: Over the years, a number of definitions of severe mental illness (SMI) have been proposed and substantial controversy about the definition still remains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the views of a group of mental health professionals on the appropriate criteria for defining SMI. Methodology: This was a qualitative study, based on five focus groups with mental health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, general practitioners, monitors and social workers) from Carlos Haya Hospital in Malaga, Spain. A content analysis was performed on the transcriptions by three independent researchers. Results: The professionals agreed that a certain degree of dysfunctionality must be present for a definition of SMI. There was some disagreement between the different categories of professionals regarding the inclusion of dimensions such as diagnosis, family and social support, use of healthcare resources and duration of the illness as necessary and sufficient criteria for the definition of SMI. From the professionals’ discourse, some personal patient variables such as age of onset of illness, lack of insight and level of education emerged as relevant for the definition of SMI. Conclusions: Apart from the dimensions considered in the literature, the interviewed mental health professionals discussed other criteria that could be taken into account in the definition of SMI. Perceptions differ between categories of professional and work settings in which they operate (AU)

Supervivencia de mujeres con cáncer de cuello uterino, municipio de pasto - colombia

El pronóstico del cáncer se valora determinando el porcentaje de pacientes que sobrevive al menos cinco años después del diagnóstico. Diferentes estudios muestran que, cuando el cáncer de cuello uterino es detectado y atendido en etapa temprana, por lo general se puede curar. El índice de supervivencia de cinco años para el cáncer cervical pre invasivo es del 100 por ciento, para el cáncer invasivo en etapa temprana es del 91% y en todas las etapas combinadas baja al 70%. La presente investigación de tipo retrospectivo correlacional se realizó con el propósito de establecer la asociación de los factores demográficos, clínicos y sociales con el tiempo de supervivencia de las mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer invasivo de cuello uterino, reportadas en el registro poblacional de cáncer del municipio de Pasto, durante el período de 1998 a 2002 y observadas hasta 31 de diciembre de 2007. Los resultados muestran que el 45% de la población objeto de estudio tuvo una probabilidad de supervivencia a los 5 años después del diagnóstico. En el análisis multivariado se encontró relación significativa con las variables estadio clínico al momento del diagnóstico, procedencia y estado civil. Este estudio será de utilidad para el sector salud del municipio como fundamento para el planteamiento de políticas públicas y programas tendientes a mitigar el impacto de la enfermedad.

Cancer prognosis is determined by the number of patients who survive at least five years after the diagnosis. Different studies show that when the neck of the uterus cancer is detected and treated at an early stage, it is generally curable. The survival rate of five years for pre invasive cervical cancer is 100 per cent, for invasive cancer at an early stage is 91% and in all the combined stages, it lowers to 70%. The present retrospective correlational research was done with the purpose of establishing the association of the demographic, clinical and social factors with the women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer's survival time, who were reported in the cancer population register in the municipality of Pasto during the period of 1998 to 2002 and observed until december 31, 2007. The results show that 45% of the studied population had a survival probability after five years of diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, a significant relation among the clinical state at the moment of diagnosis, origin and marital status was found. This study will be useful for the health sector in the municipality of Pasto as a foundation for the approach of public policies and programs which tend to mitigate the disease impact.

Analgesia obstétrica en un caso de edema angioneurótico hereditario tipo III / Obstetric analgesia for a women with type III hereditary angioneurotic edema

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Muscular dystrophy with laminin deficiency decreases acetylcholinesterase activity in thymus of dystrophic Lama2dy mice.

We have studied the effect of muscular dystrophy by merosin deficiency on mouse thymus acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The organ contains AChE and BuChE activities. Merosin deficiency causes an important decrease (46%) in AChE specific activity. Thymus produces dimers, monomers and tetramers of AChE, and the three kinds of AChE mRNAs. The drop in AChE activity in dystrophic animals could affect the amount of ACh reaching cholinergic receptors in cells of lymphoid organs.

Melorheostosis de la mano: presentación de una paciente de veintidos años de edad / Melorheostosis of the hand: presentation in a 22 year old patient

Se presenta una paciente de veintidós años de edad, portadora de melorheostosis del tercer y cuarto metacarpiano de la mano derecha con hallazgos radiológicos, gammagráficos (Tc99) e histopatológicos

Granuloma eosinófilo: presentación de un paciente de nueve años de edad con lesión frontal única / Eosinophilic granuloma: presentation in a 9 year old patient with a solitary frontal lesion

Presentamos un caso de granuloma eosinófilo del hueso frontal en un niño de 9 años de edad: caracterizado radiológicamente por lesión única destructiva de 3.5cm de diámetro con bordes irregulares comprometiendo ambas tablas óseas del cráneo. Esta lesión es el único signo de presentación de nuestro caso. La lesión fue confirmada por tomografía computarizada y Gammagrafía con Tc-99. La biopsia abierta de la lesión reveló histopatológicamente cuadro de granuloma eosinófilo

Mucormicosis rinocerebral y diabetes mellitus: reporte un caso / Rhinocerebral mucormycosis and diabetes mellitus : a case report

Se presenta una paciente diabética, de 30 años de edad, que debuta con sintomatología clásica de diabetes mellitus, dos semanas antes de su hospitalización. La paciente es ingresada en estado de deshidratación grave, shock e hipertermia, presentando luego convulsiones y coma. Al tercer día de ingreso recobra la conciencia. Al sexto día recae y presenta distensión abdominal con expulsión de líquido negruzco a través de levine. Al octavo día apareció en área malar izquierda coloración gris plomo, edema palpebral y expulsó de nuevo líquido a través de levine; ese mismo día recobró la conciencia. Al noveno día recae en coma, acompañándose de hipertermia, exfacelación de la lesión a nivel malar, ptosis palpebral izquierda y proptosis; se trasladó al Hospital Francisco Moscoso Puello, en Santo Domingo. Al día siguiente continuó en condiciones críticas, se acentuó la distensión abdominal, por lo que fue evaluada por los Departamentos de Cirugía y Gastroenterología, pero a las 2.00 p.m. falleció