RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The practice of sports can lead to the development of values such as respect, self-control, effort, autonomy and leadership. However, sport can only foster educational habits and values if it is properly timed and specifically focused towards that end. The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of interventions on the development and promotion of respect in the practice of sport among young people. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted, according to the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration, in the Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Google Scholar and SportDiscus databases. A total of 6 articles were considered to meet the inclusion criteria for the promotion of respect. Criteria for inclusion included: the full text needed to be available; it should be written in one of the selected languages: English, Spanish and Portuguese; it should be an intervention, an experimental or quasi-experimental study or a randomized controlled trial. Each manuscript was independently reviewed by three authors of this work. RESULTS: The results of the meta-analyses showed that the Siedentop sports education model, and Hellison's personal and social responsibility model (TPRS), had significant improvements regarding respect for opponents (total effect size = 0.39, small effect, with 95% Confidence Interval of 0.07 to 0.72). In addition, these models, along with another programme called Fair Play, also achieved significant increases as regards respect for the social conventions of sport (total effect size = 0.67, moderate effect, with 95% IC from 0.25 to 1.10). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the use of interventions related to the above-mentioned models is recommended when it is intended to encourage respect for opponents and social conventions. These considerations could be useful to both teachers and coaches in order to further cultivate these important attitudes.
Assuntos
Atletas/psicologia , Respeito , Esportes/educação , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Liderança , Autonomia Pessoal , AutocontroleRESUMO
La práctica deportiva bien orientada puede fomentar al desarrollo valores tales como el respeto, el autocontrol, el esfuerzo, la autonomía y el liderazgo. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue doble: 1) realizar una revisión sistemática relativa a las investigaciones que examinaban los efectos de alguna intervención sobre el desarrollo del respeto en la formación de jóvenes deportistas; y 2) describir y analizar dichas intervenciones. Para tales fines, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en la que se estudiaron y analizaron diferentes investigaciones sobre el respeto en el ámbito deportivo y de la Educación Física. Para realizar esta revisión sistemática se empleó la Declaración PRISMA. Los resultados más destacados hacen referencia a la aplicación exitosa del Modelo de Responsabilidad Personal y Social de Hellison (TPRS) y de la Educación Deportiva de Siedentop. De esta manera, tanto en el contexto escolar como en el de clubes deportivos, la utilización de intervenciones relacionadas con los Modelos mencionados es aconsejada cuando se pretende fomentar el respeto
The practice of sport can promote the development of values such as respect, self-control, effort, autonomy and leadership. In this sense, the aim of this study was twofold: 1) to carry out a systematic review of research analyzing the effects of any intervention on the development of respect in the training of young athletes; 2) to describe and examine such interventions. To this end, a systematic review was carried out in which different research on respect in the field of sport and physical education was studied and analysed. The PRISMA Statement was used to conduct this systematic review. The most outstanding results refer to the successful application of Hellison's Personal and Social Responsibility Model (TPRS) and Siedentop's Sports Education. Thus, both in the school context and in the sports club context, the use of interventions related to the above-mentioned models is recommended when respect is to be encouraged