Genomic characterization of a multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli and evaluation of Echeveria plant extracts as antibacterials.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common bacterial agent associated with urinary tract infections, threatening public health systems with elevated medical costs and high morbidity rates. The successful establishment of the infection is associated with virulence factors encoded in its genome, in addition to antibacterial resistance genes, which could limit the treatment and resolution of the infection. In this sense, plant extracts from the genus Echeveria have traditionally been used to treat diverse infectious diseases. However, little is known about the effects of these extracts on bacteria and their potential mechanisms of action. This study aims to sequence a multidrug-resistant UPEC isolate (UTI-U7) and assess the multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance profile, genes, serotype, and plasmid content. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. The antibacterial and anti-adherent effects of the methanol extracts (ME) of Echeveria (E. craigiana, E. kimnachii, and E. subrigida) against UTI-U7 were determined. The isolate was characterized as an O25:H4-B2-ST2279-CH40 subclone and had resistant determinants to aminoglycosides, ß-lactams, fluoroquinolones/quinolones, amphenicols, and tetracyclines, which matched with the antimicrobial resistance profile. The virulence genes identified encode adherence factors, iron uptake, protectins/serum resistance, and toxins. Identified plasmids belonged to the IncF group (IncFIA, IncFIB, and IncFII), alongside several prophage-like elements. After an extensive genome analysis that confirmed the pathogenic status of UTI-U7 isolate, Echeveria extracts were tested to determine their antibacterial effects; as an extract, E. subrigida (MIC, 5 mg/mL) displayed the best inhibitory effect. However, the adherence between UTI-U7 and HeLa cells was unaffected by the ME of the E. subrigida extract.

Armonización Curricular Farmacéutica en Iberoamérica. Documento de trabajo de la Conferencia Iberoamericana de Facultades de Farmacia (COIFFA) / Pharmaceutical Curriculum Harmonization in Ibero-America. Working document of the Ibero-American Conference of Faculties of Pharmacy (COIFFA)

La Conferencia Iberoamericana de Facultades de Farmacia (COIFFA) viene desarrollando desde su fundación como Conferencia Hispanoamericana (COHIFFA) en 1992, en la Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela) una amplia labor en el ámbito de la formación y educación farmacéutica. Esta labor se ha traducido en declaraciones sucesivas desde la efectuada en Santiago (Chile) hasta la más reciente de Xochimilco (México). El grado de avance que han experimentado las ciencias y la práctica farmacéutica en las últimas décadas ha sido espectacular. Así se refleja en documentos de organismos y foros nacionales e internacionales. A esto se une las facilidades que en el ámbito de la movilidad internacional procuran tanto las Universidades a través de sus convenios bilaterales, como los organismos nacionales e internacionales de América Latina y de la Unión Europea, a través de los proyectos y convocatorias pertinentes. Todo ello hace aconsejable la elaboración por parte de COIFFA de un documento marco de consenso, en donde se recoja la problemática que el trascendental tema de la armonización de los estudios de farmacia conlleva. Los esfuerzos que ha venido realizando COIFFA se han traducido en la elaboración durante el Simposio Biregional Unión Europea-América Latina celebrado en junio de 2018 Xochimilco (México), de un documento de trabajo. Tres mesas de discusión coordinadas han tenido por objeto: I) el análisis y definición de perfil de egreso y de los mínimos curriculares; II) el análisis de los términos utilizados en la denominación de programas académicos títulos universitarios y distintas actividades; y III) el análisis y propuestas de mecanismos de colaboración y cofinanciación interinstitucionales Universidad-Gobierno-Empresa. (AU)

The Ibero-American Conference of Faculties of Pharmacy (COIFFA) has been developing a wide-ranging task in the field of pharmaceutical training and education since its foundation as Hispanic-American Conference (COHIFFA) in 1992, at the Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela). This work has been materialized into successive statements from the one made in Santiago (Chile) to the most recent one in Xochimilco (Mexico). The degree of progress that the sciences and pharmaceutical practice have experienced in recent decades has been spectacular. This is reflected in documents from national and international organizations and forums. To this is added the facilities that, in the field of international mobility, universities get through their bilateral agreements, as well as with national and international organizations in Latin America and the European Union, through the relevant projects and calls. All this makes advisable the elaboration on the part of COIFFA of a framework document of consensus, where the problematic that the transcendental subject of the harmonization of the pharmacy studies entails be covered. The efforts that COIFFA has been carrying out have resulted in the elaboration of a working document at the Biregional European Union-Latin America Symposium held in June 2018 in Xochimilco (Mexico). Three coordinated working groups were there devoted to: I) the analysis and definition of the graduate profile, as well as the common minimum topics to be included in the “pensum”; II) the analysis of the terms to be used in the denomination of academic programs, university degrees and various related activities; III) the analysis and proposals for cooperation mechanisms and properly ways of University-Government-Company co-financing. (AU)

Public health and economic impact of switching from a trivalent to a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in Mexico.

Most influenza vaccines in Mexico are trivalent, containing two influenza A strains and a single B strain. Quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) extend protection by including an additional B strain to cover both co-circulating B lineages. Here, we retrospectively estimated how a switch to QIV in Mexico would have impacted influenza-related health outcomes over the 2010/2011 to 2015/2016 influenza seasons, and prospectively estimated the budget impact of using QIV in Mexico's national immunization program from 2016/2017 to 2020/2021. For the retrospective estimation, we used an age-stratified static model incorporating Mexico-specific input parameters. For the prospective estimation, we used a budget impact model based on retrospective attack rates considering predicted future vaccination coverage. Between 2010/2011 and 2015/2016, a switch to QIV would have prevented 270,596 additional influenza cases, 102,000 general practitioner consultations, 140,062 days of absenteeism, 3,323 hospitalizations, and 312 deaths, saving Mex$214 million (US$10.8 million) in third-party payer costs. In the prospective analysis, a switch to QIV was estimated to prevent an additional 225,497 influenza cases, 85,000 general practitioner consultations, 116,718 days of absenteeism, 2,769 hospitalizations, and 260 deaths, saving Mex$178 million (US$9 million) in third-party payer costs over 5 years. Compared to the trivalent vaccine, the benefit and costs saved with QIV were sensitive to the distribution of influenza A vs. B cases and trivalent vaccine effectiveness against the mismatched B strain. These results suggest switching to QIV in Mexico would benefit healthcare providers and society by preventing influenza cases, morbidity, and deaths, and reducing associated use of medical resources.

Perfil estadístico de los egresados de la carrera de Farmacia en la FES Zaragoza UNAM / Statistical Profile of the Graduates of the Pharmacy Career in the FES Zaragoza UNAM

Objetivo: Determinar el perfil estadístico de la población de egresados de la carrera Química Farmacéutico Biológica para las promociones 2005 al 2016. Método: Fueron evaluados los egresados de las promociones 2005-2009 al 2012-2016. El total de cuestionarios analizados fue de 289. El instrumento utilizado, cuenta con 93 preguntas de las cuales el 40 porciento son abiertas y 60 por ciento son preguntas cerradas fue validado con un grado de confiabilidad de alfa de Cronbach de 0.7058. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica y una descripción gráfica de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Se determinó el perfil estadístico de los egresados y la trazabilidad de las promociones, en el mercado laboral, se pudo apreciar también que aproximadamente el 53% de los egresados es laboralmente activo, y el restante 47% se encuentra realizando tesis profesional, servicio social, estudios de posgrado, etc... Se pudo determinar salarios de los egresados de esas generaciones, influencia de género tipo de empresa u organización donde se encuentran realizando actividades profesionales, así como el grado de concordancia del perfil de egreso de los estudiantes con respecto al perfil requerido por el mercado de trabajo. Conclusiones: La metodología permitió obtener información sobre el desempeño de los egresados además, conocer elementos que favorecen la toma de decisiones respecto a la actualización o modificación del plan de estudios de la carrera Química Farmacéutico Biológica y sus programas, se sabe ahora que el perfil profesional del egresado está acorde a las necesidades de los diversos campos, en donde puede desempeñar sus actividades profesionales

Objective: To determine the statistical profile of the population of graduates of the Biological Pharmaceutical Chemistry career for promotions 2005 to 2016. Method: Graduates of the promotions 2005-2009 to 2012-2016 were evaluated. The total number of questionnaires analyzed was 289. The instrument used, has 93 questions of which 40 percent are open and 60 percent are closed questions was validated with a reliability level of Cronbach’s alpha of 0.7058. Non-parametric statistics and a graphic description of the results obtained were used. Results: The statistical profile of the graduates and the traceability of the promotions were determined, in the labor market, it was also seen that approximately 53% of the graduates are working, and the remaining 47% are doing professional thesis, service social, postgraduate studies, etc ... It was possible to determine the salaries of the graduates of these generations, gender influence type of company or organization where they are doing professional activities, as well as the degree of concordance of the profile of students’ exit with respect to the profile required by the labor market. Conclusions: The methodology allowed to obtain information about the performance of the graduates as well as to know elements that favor the decision making regarding the update or modification of the curriculum of the Biological Pharmaceutical Biology career and its programs, it is now known that the professional profile of the graduate is according to the needs of the various fields, where you can play your professional activities

Armonización Curricular Farmacéutica en Iberoamérica. Documento de trabajo de la Conferencia Iberoamericana de Facultades de Farmacia (COIFFA) / Pharmaceutical Curriculum Harmonization in Ibero-America. Working document of the Ibero-American Conference of Faculties of Pharmacy (COIFFA)

La Conferencia Iberoamericana de Facultades de Farmacia (COIFFA) viene desarrollando desde su fundación como Conferencia Hispanoamericana (COHIFFA) en 1992, en la Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela) una amplia labor en el ámbito de la formación y educación farmacéutica. Esta labor se ha traducido en declaraciones sucesivas desde la efectuada en Santiago (Chile) hasta la más reciente de Xochimilco (México). El grado de avance que han experimentado las ciencias y la práctica farmacéutica en las últimas décadas ha sido espectacular. Así se refleja en documentos de organismos y foros nacionales e internacionales. A esto se une las facilidades que en el ámbito de la movilidad internacional procuran tanto las Universidades a través de sus convenios bilaterales, como los organismos nacionales e internacionales de América Latina y de la Unión Europea, a través de los proyectos y convocatorias pertinentes. Todo ello hace aconsejable la elaboración por parte de COIFFA de un documento marco de consenso, en donde se recoja la problemática que el trascendental tema de la armonización de los estudios de farmacia conlleva. Los esfuerzos que ha venido realizando COIFFA se han traducido en la elaboración durante el Simposio Biregional Unión Europea-América Latina celebrado en junio de 2018 Xochimilco (México), de un documento de trabajo. Tres mesas de discusión coordinadas han tenido por objeto: I) el análisis y definición de perfil de egreso y de los mínimos curriculares; II) el análisis de los términos utilizados en la denominación de programas académicos títulos universitarios y distintas actividades; y III) el análisis y propuestas de mecanismos de colaboración y cofinanciación interinstitucionales Universidad-Gobierno-Empresa. La revisión y actualización de algunos aspectos contemplados en el citado documento se han llevado a cabo en el seno del First World Congress of Faculties of Pharmacy (IPAP18), celebrado en Salamanca en September de 2018. Este documento es provisional y está sujeto a los elementos de mejora que se irán introduciendo de forma paulatina en las sucesivas reuniones que COHIFFA seguirá llevando a cabo

The Ibero-American Conference of Faculties of Pharmacy (COIFFA) has been developing a wide-ranging task in the field of pharmaceutical training and education since its foundation as Hispanic-American Conference (COHIFFA) in 1992, at the Universidad de los Andes (Mérida, Venezuela). This work has been materialized into successive statements from the one made in Santiago (Chile) to the most recent one in Xochimilco (Mexico). The degree of progress that the sciences and pharmaceutical practice have experienced in recent decades has been spectacular. This is reflected in documents from national and international organizations and forums. To this is added the facilities that, in the field of international mobility, universities get through their bilateral agreements, as well as with national and international organizations in Latin America and the european Union, through the relevant projects and calls. All this makes advisable the elaboration on the part of COIFFA of a framework document of consensus, where the problematic that the transcendental subject of the harmonization of the pharmacy studies entails be covered. The efforts that COIFFA has been carrying out have resulted in the elaboration of a working document at the Biregional European Union-Latin America Symposium held in June 2018 in Xochimilco (Mexico). Three coordinated working groups were there devoted to: I) the analysis and definition of the graduate profile, as well as the common minimum topics to be included in the "pensum"; II) the analysis of the terms to be used in the denomination of academic programs, university degrees and various related activities; III) the analysis and proposals for cooperation mechanisms and properly ways of University-Government-Company co-financing. The review and updating of some of the topics approached in the aforementioned document have been carried out by COIFFA within the First World Congress of Faculties of Pharmacy (IPAP 18), held in Salamanca (September, 2018). This document is provisional and subject to the elements of improvement that will be gradually introduced in future COIFFA meetings

Giardia duodenalis genotypes among schoolchildren and their families and pets in urban and rural areas of Sinaloa, Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Giardiasis is a human health concern worldwide, especially among schoolchildren. Giardia duodenalis genotypes A and B are infective to humans, but their zoonotic potential remains controversial. In Mexico, the most prevalent genotype is A, but B was also detected in southeastern Mexico. In Sinaloa state, northwestern Mexico, giardiasis is highly prevalent, but Giardia genotypes have been poorly studied. METHODOLOGY: This study aimed to investigate the distribution and clinical-epidemiological correlation of G. duodenalis genotypes in schoolchildren and their families and pets in urban and rural areas of Sinaloa state, Mexico. RESULTS: Among 395 schoolchildren (274 urban, 121 rural), 76 (49 urban, 27 rural) were infected with G. duodenalis. In total, 22 families (15 urban, 7 rural) of infected schoolchildren, consisting of 60 family members (41 urban, 19 rural) and 21 pet dogs (15 urban, 6 rural) were examined; 10 family members (5 urban, 5 rural) and 5 pet dogs (3 urban, 2 rural) of 10 families (6 urban, 4 rural) were infected. After PCR-RFLP analyses of vsp417 and gdh genes, genotype prevalence among infected urban schoolchildren was 79.5% AI, 12.8% AII, and 7.7% mixed AI+B. However, only AI genotype was found in family members and pets. In the rural area, only the AI genotype was detected. Genotypes were not correlated with clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: This paper shows the presence of B genotype in northwestern Mexico for the first time. Detection of AI genotype in dogs suggested the possible role of dogs as the reservoir for human giardiasis in Sinaloa, Mexico.

Stimulation of dendrogenesis and neural maturation in adult mammals.

This work is the result of a technical research patent on dendritogenesis and neuronal maturation, in which the existence was determined of patent documents involving the use of melatonin for the treatment of anxiety, obesity and related diseases of the peripheral and CNS. In this study, an analysis of the state of the art in order to collect technical and scientific elements for the drafting of a new patent on the use of the melatonin molecule in stimulating neuronal maturation in dendritogenesis and mammals was conducted in adults. This study is based on an invention related with this novel use of melatonin.

Experiencia de caries en niños de 6 a 12 años de edad con obesidad exógena del Hospital General de México / Caries experience in children aged 1-12 years with exogenous obesity, at the General Hospital of Mexico

Objetivo: describir la experiencia de caries en una población infantil con obesidad exógena Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Fueron incluidos niños de 6 a 12 años de edad con obesidad exógena diagnosticados en el Servicio de la Clínica de Obesidad de la Unidad de Pediatría del Hospital General de México. El examen intraoral se realizó en el Servicio de Odonto-pediatría del propio hospital. Los índices utilizados fueron el ceod y CPOD, siguiendo los criterios de Klein y Palmer. Fueron acatados los principios éticos y legales de la Declaración de Helsinki para realizar investigación médica. El análisis estadístico fue de tipo descriptivo. Resultados: La población estuvo constituida por un total de 40 niños. La prevalencia de caries en esta población fue de 71 y 22% en la dentición temporal y permanente, respectivamente. El ceod promedio fue de 1.4, y el cPod , de 0.37 para la población total. conclusión: Los niños con obesidad exógena presentan un número reducido de dientes con experiencia de caries, inferior a la media nacional.

Objective:To describe the caries experience of children with exogenous obesity. Method:An observational, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted involving children aged 6 to 12 years with exogenous obesity, who were diagnosed at the Obesity Clinic of the Pediatrics Unit of the General Hospital of Mexico. Intraoral examination was performed at the hospital’s Department of Pediatric Dentistry. The indexes used were the dmft and DMFt, based on the criteria established by Klein and Palmer. The legal and ethical principles for medical research set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki were adhered to, and the statistical analysis was descriptive. results: The population comprised a total of 40 children, in whom caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentition was, respectively, 71 and 22%. For the total population, the average dmft was 1.4 and the DMFt was 0.37. conclusion: Children with exogenous obesity present a reduced number of teeth with caries experience, lower than the national average.

Olfactory neuroepithelium as a cellular model for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric diseases.

The neuroepithelium has been used as an experimental model to find biological markers for neuropsychiatric disease diagnosis. Patent information permits understanding of the state of the art of neuroepithelium in neuropsychiatric disease diagnosis, as well as the identification of trends in research and development on this theme. In this article, we discuss diverse methods for obtaining primary cultures of olfactory neurons obtained by animal dissection or by postmortem biopsy of human cadavers. The principal owners of patents related to olfactory neuroepithelia are universities such as John Hopkins and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The USA has the most research lines and approved patents in the world, while Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, provides composition and methods related to the diagnoses and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Retención de fluoruro en esmalte dental humano después de la aplicación de un barniz fluorurado de elaboración nacional. Estudio "in vivo" / Fluoride retention in human dental enamel after application of a fluoridated varnish of national elaboration

En 1986 se inició la elaboración de un barniz fluorurado como método preventivo para disminuir la incidencia de caries dental en las instalaciones de la planta piloto de la ahora Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, el cual ha quedado concluido respecto a su formulación. De esta forma, el presente trabajo surgió de la necesidad de valorar a nivel clínico la efectividad de este barniz. La valoración clínica se llevó a cabo a través de mediciones que se efectuaron por medio de biopsias de esmalte antes y una semana después de la aplicación del barniz fluorurado en dientes permanentes, en una población de niños de 7 a 13 años de edad, bajo condiciones "in vivo". Las muestras fueron analizadas por absorción atómica y potenciometría. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una eficacia satisfactoria del barniz en cuanto a su capacidad de depositar flúor en la superficies del esmalte dental. En media el incremento fue de 2083.63 ppm de flúor en una media de 1.77 um de profundidad de esmalte