Prolactin effect on CD69 and CD154 expression by CD4+ cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to explore the role of prolactine (PRL) in the lymphocyte activation process in active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in an in vitro model. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from SLE patients and healthy individuals. The mRNA for prolactine and its receptor, obtained by standard techniques with an appropriate primer, were subjected to PCR and visualised. The PBMC were cultured with: a) medium alone as a negative control, b) unspecific mitogen as a positive control (PMA-ionomycin for CD154 or concanavalin A for CD69), c) PRL alone, d) mitogen plus PRL, e) mitogen plus antibody anti-PRL (1:50) and f) mitogen plus an unrelated antibody. Then CD69 and CD154 were determined by flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: Twelve inactive and 15 active SLE patients were studied. 25% of the active patients displayed hyperprolactinemia. Under basal conditions, CD69 expression was associated with disease activity. In contrast, CD154 did not show this association. The PBMNC activated in vitro were capable of producing and secreting prolactine as measured by mRNA and Nb2 assay. In the same way the mRNA for prolactine receptor was visualized. Cells from SLE patients cultivated with PRL alone did not display increased CD69 or CD154 expression. The addition of PRL to the unspecific stimulated culture did not have an additive effect. In contrast, the addition of antibodies against PRL, in order to block the autocrine prolactine, resulted in a striking reduction in CD69 and CD154 expression. CONCLUSIONS: PRL is produced and secreted by the immune cell and acts just after the first trigger signal of activation in an autocrine way. The expression of CD69 and CD154 molecules depend partially on the prolactine.

[Prolactin as an immunomodulator]. / Prolactina como inmunomodulador.

The aim of this revision is to explore the possible role of the prolactin in the immune response. The prolactin is a hormone secreted by the pituitary. However, it has a trophic function in the proliferation of the lymphocytes. The cell of the immune system show outer membrane receptor for the prolactin. Moreover, the lymphocytes are capable to produce and secret prolactin. In cell culture, different levels of prolactin show different immune responses- low levels of prolactin awake a weak immune response. In contrast, high levels of prolactin show a strong immune response. Alteration in the sera levels of prolactin has been describes in severe autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus. Reiter syndrome, adjuvant arthritis, uveitis etc. Until now many evidences has been reported about the roles of the prolactin in the immune response acting like an immunomodulator, but the relevance of this phenomena in the clinical practice is still unclear.