Autoestima, agresividad y salud en estudiantes adolescentes / Self-esteem, aggression and health in adolescent students / Autoestima, agressividade e saúde em adolescentes escolares

La adolescencia es un período crítico para el desarrollo de la autoestima, por ello, es importante que las instituciones educativas promuevan su desarrollo con la finalidad de que los estudiantes tengan los suficientes recursos protectores, de ajuste psicológico y social. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la autoestima y la agresividad en un grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiales y métodos. La población estuvo conformada por estudiantes, el número de la muestra por selección aleatoria fue de 324 adolescentes, varones entre 11 y 17 años de edad. Se utilizó la escala de autoestima de Rosenberg y el cuestionario de agresión-AQ de Buss y Perry; el estudio es de nivel correlacional y el diseño de campo, transversal. Resultados. Mostraron que no existe relación significativa entre las variables, ambas se comportan independientemente, los niveles obtenidos en el estudio fueron medios altos y altos, la agresividad física y verbal fueron predominantes. Conclusiones. Los resultados señalan que no necesariamente por poseer niveles bajos de autoestima, el constructo agresividad se encuentra presente en niveles elevados.

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of self-esteem; therefore, it is important that educational institutions promote its development so that students have sufficient protective, psychological and social adjustment resources. Objective. To determine the relationship between self-esteem and aggressiveness in a group of Peruvian adolescents. Materials and methods. The population consisted of students, the number of the sample by random selection was 324 adolescents, males between 11 and 17 years of age. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Buss and Perry aggression-AQ questionnaire were used; the study was correlational and the field design was cross-sectional. Results. They showed that there is no significant relationship between the variables, both behave independently, the levels obtained in the study were medium high and high, physical and verbal aggression were predominant. Conclusions. The results indicate that the aggressiveness construct is not necessarily present at high levels because of low levels of self-esteem.

A adolescência é um período crítico para o desenvolvimento da autoestima, pelo que é importante que as instituições educativas promovam o seu desenvolvimento para que os alunos disponham de recursos de proteção, psicológicos e de ajustamento social suficientes. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre a autoestima e a agressividade num grupo de adolescentes peruanos. Materiais e métodos. A população foi constituída por estudantes, o número da amostra por seleção aleatória foi de 324 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, entre os 11 e os 17 anos de idade. Foi utilizada a escala de autoestima de Rosenberg e o questionário de agressividade-AQ de Buss e Perry; o estudo foi correlacional e o desenho de campo foi transversal. Resultados. Mostraram que não há relação significativa entre as variáveis, ambas se comportam de forma independente, os níveis obtidos no estudo foram médio alto e alto, predominando a agressão física e verbal. Conclusões. Os resultados indicam que o constructo agressividade não está necessariamente presente em níveis elevados devido aos baixos níveis de autoestima.

Advanced breast, cervical and prostate cancer- Patient needs: systematic review.

BACKGROUND: There are high rates registered globally of breast cancer, cervical and prostate. People going through have needs that cause an impact in their life's quality, especially in the final stages of the illness. GOAL: To characterise the most evaluated and afflicted physical, emotional, roll, cognitive, social and spiritual needs of patients in the final stages of breast, cervical and prostate cancer. INTERVENTIONS/METHODS: A thorough systematic search of databases such as Medline (Ovid) and Embase, from databases' creation throughout 31 December 2021. Quantitative studies were included to evaluate, from the adoption of tools, the dimensions or needs of people going under three types of cancer on final stages. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. More common symptoms such as nausea/vomiting and pain were the most evaluated with 83%. Fifty-eight per cent of papers studied the emotional function of people with breast and prostate cancer. Other 42% included roll, cognitive and social appreciations. Sexual, cognitive and physical, in that line, were the most affected. The most common questionnaires used to measure oncological patients on final stages were those from European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer on its C-30, BR-23, C-15 PAL and CR-25 versions. CONCLUSIONS: On breast and prostate cancer, the most affected aspect was the sexual dysfunction, while for cervical cancer, the physical function was the most altered one. Spiritual dimension was not included in any of the evaluated literature.

Favorable Safety Experience of Local Dental Anesthesia in ICD Recipients with Cardiac Channelopathies

Abstract Background Dental anesthetic management in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) recipients with cardiac channelopathies (CCh) can be challenging due to the potential risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and appropriate ICD therapies during procedural time. Objectives The present study assessed the hypothesis that the use of local dental anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or without a vasoconstrictor can be safe in selected ICD and CCh patients, not resulting in life-threatening events (LTE). Methods Restorative dental treatment under local dental anesthesia was made in two sessions, with a wash-out period of 7 days (cross-over trial), conducting with a 28h - Holter monitoring, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments in 3 time periods. Statistical analysis carried out the paired Student's t test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In all cases, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All patients were in stable condition with no recent events before dental care. Results Twenty-four consecutive procedures were performed in 12 patients (9 women, 3 men) with CCh and ICD: 7 (58.3%) had long QT syndrome (LQTS), 4 (33.3%) Brugada syndrome (BrS), and 1 (8.3%) Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Holter analysis showed no increased heart rate (HR) or sustained arrhythmias. Blood pressure (BP), electrocardiographic changes and anxiety measurement showed no statistically significant differences. No LTE occurred during dental treatment, regardless of the type of anesthesia. Conclusion Lidocaine administration, with or without epinephrine, can be safely used in selected CCh-ICD patients without LTE. These preliminary findings need to be confirmed in a larger population with ICD and CCh.

Utility of Intraoperative Ultrasound in Neurosurgery

Objective The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate the usefulness of intraoperative ultrasound guidance as a technique for the assessment, in real time, of tumor resection and as a navigation aid during intra-axial brain lesion removal on patients admitted in the Neurosurgical Department at the Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, in 2018. Methods A total of 10 patients were enrolled, each with intra-axial brain lesions with no previous neurosurgical procedures and a mean age of 49 years old, ranging from 29 to 59 years old. Results A male predominance was observed with 7 cases (70%) over 3 female cases (30%). Six patients had lesions in the dominant hemisphere. The frontal lobe was the most commonly affected,with 5 cases, followed by the parietal lobe,with 4 cases. After craniotomy, ultrasound evaluation was performed previously to dural opening, during tumor resection and after tumor removal. The mean tumor size in axial, coronal and sagittal views was 3.72 cm, 3.08 cm and 3.00 cm, respectively, previously to dural opening with intraoperative ultrasound. The average tumor depth was 1.73 cm from the cerebral cortex. The location and removal duration from the beginning of the approach (ultrasound usage time) was 83.60 minutes, and the average surgery duration was 201 minutes. Navigation with intraoperative ultrasound served to resect intra-axial tumors more precisely and safely. There was no postoperative complication associated with the surgery in this series of cases. Conclusions Intraoperative ultrasound guidance for intra-axial subcortical tumor resection is a technique that serves as a surgical and anatomical orientation tool.

Autocuidado de estudiantes de enfermería para prevenir el consumo de drogas / Self-care of nursing students to prevent drug use

Introducción: En el contexto académico universitario pueden evidenciarse riesgos concretos en cuanto al consumo de drogas lícitas o ilícitas, debido a diversos factores que deben estudiarse para establecer futuras acciones de prevención. Objetivo: Identificar la responsabilidad individual de los estudiantes de enfermería en la prevención del consumo de drogas, según la perspectiva de Orem. Métodos: Se utilizó el método fenomenológico. Se describieron e interpretaron experiencias propias de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería acerca de su autocuidado ante el consumo de drogas. Los sujetos estudiados fueron elegidos mediante muestreo intencional no probabilístico. Se investigaron a 30 informantes clave que estudiaban enfermería en la Universidad de Guayaquil. La información de interés se recolectó mediante entrevistas a profundidad con previo consentimiento de los participantes. Resultados: Se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías de análisis: cuidado de sí mismo según concepto persona, cuidado de sí mismo según concepto entorno, cuidado de sí mismo según concepto salud y cuidado de sí mismo según concepto de enfermería. Se mostró que los estudiantes de enfermería poseían las competencias teóricas y científicas para su autocuidado en relación con el consumo de drogas. Se destacó el concepto persona, ya que los alumnos se sentían vulnerables en cuanto al manejo de su autoestima y al control de sí mismos. Conclusiones: El entorno universitario estudiado influye negativamente en la disposición del consumo libre de drogas, lo que muestra una conducta bioética no acorde con los principios de la disciplina(AU)

Introduction: In the university academic context, concrete risks can be evidenced regarding the consumption of licit or illicit drugs, due to various factors that must be studied to establish future prevention actions. Objective: To identify the individual responsibility of nursing students in the prevention of drug use, according to Orem's perspective. Methods: The phenomenological method was used. The experiences of university nursing students about their self-care when faced with drug use were described and interpreted. The subjects studied were chosen by non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Thirty key informants studying nursing at the University of Guayaquil were studied. The information of interest was collected through in-depth interviews with the prior consent of the participants. Results: The following categories of analysis were obtained: self-care according to the person concept, self-care according to the environment concept, self-care according to the health concept and self-care according to the nursing concept. Nursing students were shown to have the theoretical and scientific competencies for their self-care in relation to drug use. The person concept was highlighted, since the students felt vulnerable in terms of managing their self-esteem and controlling themselves. Conclusions: The university environment studied has negative influence on the disposition of drug-free consumption, which shows that bioethical behavior does meet the principles of the discipline(AU)

Arteriopatía periférica en adultos de tres Unidades de Salud Familiar del Paraguay en 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la detección de enfermedad arterial periférica permite identificar a un grupo de alto riesgo cardiovascular. La prueba del índice tobillo-brazo con esfigmomanómetro digital es una técnica muy fiable, fácil de aplicar y de interpretar. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de la enfermedad arterial periférica en sujetos adultos de Atención Primaria de Areguá, Paraguay, en el 2019. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, multicéntrico. Se incluyó a varones y mujeres mayores de 50 años que asisten a tres Unidades de Salud Familiar de Areguá, Paraguay, en el 2019. Previo consentimiento informado, todos fueron sometidos a determinaciones socioeconómicas, clínicas y detección del índice tobillo-brazo con esfigmomanómetro digital. Se consideró anormal todo índice tobillo-brazo <0,9. Resultados: se incluyeron 124 pacientes, con edad media 64±8 años. Predominaron los sujetos del sexo femenino, con escolaridad primaria, casados y sin independencia económica. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus. Se detectaron 7 casos (5,6%) compatibles con arteriopatía periférica. Entre éstos, sólo 43% referían claudicación intermitente de miembros. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de índice tobillo-brazo compatible con arteriopatía periférica fue 5,6%. Entre éstos, los síntomas de claudicación de miembros fueron referidos por 43%.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The detection of the peripheral arterial disease allows identifying a group of high cardiovascular risk. The ankle-brachial index test with a digital sphygmomanometer is a very reliable technique, easy to apply and interpret. Objectives: To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of peripheral arterial disease in adult subjects of Primary Care in Areguá, Paraguay, in 2019. Methodology: This was an observational, descriptive, prospective, multicenter study. Men and women over 50 years of age who attended three Family Health Units of Areguá, Paraguay, in 2019 were included prior informed consent. They all underwent socioeconomic and clinical measurements and detection of the ankle-brachial index with a digital sphygmomanometer. All ankle-brachial indexes <0.9 were considered abnormal. Results: One hundred and twenty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 64±8 years. Female subjects predominated, with primary education, married and without economic independence. The most frequent comorbidities were high blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. Seven cases (5.6%) compatible with peripheral artery disease were detected. Among these, only 43% reported intermittent limb claudication. Conclusions: The frequency of the ankle-brachial index compatible with peripheral artery disease was 5.6%. Among these, limb claudication symptoms were reported by 43%.

Biventricular imaging markers to predict outcomes in non-compaction cardiomyopathy: a machine learning study.

AIMS: Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a genetic heart disease, with heart failure, arrhythmias, and embolic events as main clinical manifestations. The goal of this study was to analyse a large set of echocardiographic (echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) parameters using machine learning (ML) techniques to find imaging predictors of clinical outcomes in a long-term follow-up of LVNC patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with echo and/or CMRI criteria of LVNC, followed from January 2011 to December 2017 in the heart failure section of a tertiary referral cardiologic hospital, were enrolled in a retrospective study. Two-dimensional colour Doppler echocardiography and subsequent CMRI were carried out. Twenty-four hour Holter monitoring was also performed in all patients. Death, cardiac transplantation, heart failure hospitalization, aborted sudden cardiac death, complex ventricular arrhythmias (sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia), and embolisms (i.e. stroke, pulmonary thromboembolism and/or peripheral arterial embolism) were registered and were referred to as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in this study. Recruited for the study were 108 LVNC patients, aged 38.3 ± 15.5 years, 48.1% men, diagnosed by echo and CMRI criteria. They were followed for 5.8 ± 3.9 years, and MACEs were registered. CMRI and echo parameters were analysed via a supervised ML methodology. Forty-seven (43.5%) patients had at least one MACE. The best performance of imaging variables was achieved by combining four parameters: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (by CMRI), right ventricular (RV) end-systolic volume (by CMRI), RV systolic dysfunction (by echo), and RV lower diameter (by CMRI) with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity rates of 75.5%, 77%, 75%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the importance of biventricular assessment to detect the severity of this cardiomyopathy and to plan for early clinical intervention. In addition, this study shows that even patients with normal LV function and negative late gadolinium enhancement had MACE. ML is a promising tool for analysing a large set of parameters to stratify and predict prognosis in LVNC patients.

Emergence and physiological behavior of provenances of pinhão manso in function of level of aluminum / Surgimento e comportamento fisiológico de procedências de pinhão manso em função do nível de alumínio

The aluminum in high levels in the soil affects the emergence, growth, and development of various species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the emergence and physiological behavior of four provenances of Jatropha curcas subjected to different levels of aluminum. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, with four levels of aluminum in the soil (8.2, 16.5, 24.0 mmolc·dm-3 and control) and four provenances of J. curcas seeds (P1 = Dourados-MS, P2 = Montes Claros-MG, P3 = Alta Floresta-MT, and P4 = Petrolina-PE); the effects of aluminum toxicity were investigated in 25, 50, 75, and 100 days after emergence. The levels of aluminum in the soil were collected from the initial soil correction, which featured an aluminum level of 24.0 mmolc dm-3. The seedling emergence was not affected by treatment with aluminum; however, the height and leaf area of P1, P2, and P3 were reduced with increasing levels of aluminum. The emergence and vigor of J. curcas seeds were not influenced by the differences in the origins of the seeds or by the aluminum levels evaluated. Gas exchanges were affected negatively by aluminum and the responses of the chlorophyll a fluorescence indicate harmful effect in the photosynthetic apparatus. The seeds of origin P4 (Petrolina-PE) has increased tolerance to stress conditions.

O alumínio em níveis elevados no solo afeta a emergência, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de diversas espécies. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a emergência e o comportamento fisiológico de quatro procedências de Jatropha curcas submetidas a diferentes níveis de alumínio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de alumínio no solo (8,2; 16,5 e 24,0 mmolc dm-3 e o controle) e quatro procedências de sementes de J. curcas (P1 = Dourados-MS P2 = Montes Claros-MG, P3 = Alta Floresta-MT e P4 = Petrolina-PE), e os efeitos da toxicidade do alumínio foram investigados aos 25, 50, 75 e 100 dias após a emergência. A emergência das plântulas não foi afetada pelo tratamento com alumínio; no entanto, a altura e a área foliar de P1, P2 e P3 foram reduzidas com níveis crescentes de alumínio. A emergência e o vigor das plântulas das procedências não foram afetados pelos níveis de alumínio avaliados. A taxa fotossintética, taxa de transpiração e condutância estomática também foram reduzidas quando as plantas foram cultivadas em solo contendo altas níveis de alumínio. As plantas P4 foram menos sensíveis aos níveis crescentes de alumínio.

Chromium Levels in Tobacco, Filter and Ash of Illicit Brands Cigarettes Marketed in Brazil.

Smoking is a public health problem and an important source of exposure to toxic metals. This work describes an efficient analytical method comparable to the ones based on atomic emission techniques for the determination of chromium in different constituent parts of cigarette samples (tobacco, filters and ashes) using electrothermal vaporization-atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was evaluated using 12 samples, and the results showed recovery values between 83 and 107%. The accuracy was also evaluated using a reference sample of tomato leaves (NIST SRM 1573a), which proved the efficiency of the method. The limits of detection of the developed method were 20.4, 75.8 and 80.7 ng g-1 for tobacco, filter and cigarette ash samples, respectively. The average chromium values found for the analyzed samples were in the range of 0.96 to 3.85 and from 0.32 to 0.80 µg/cigarette for tobacco and ashes, respectively. For most pre-burn and post-burn filter samples, the values of chromium concentration remained below limits of detection. The developed method presented adequate results about precision and accuracy, demonstrating its applicability in the determination of chromium in cigarette samples.

Acrometástasis óseas, serie de casos y revisión de la literatura / Bone acrometástasis, case series and literature review

Resumen: Las acrometástasis se definen como metástasis óseas localizadas distales al codo y la rodilla. Su prevalencia es muy baja, aproximadamente el 0,1% de todas las metástasis óseas y se presentan en pacientes con enfermedad avanzada y son indicador de mal pronóstico. Hasta en el 10% de los casos se presentan como el primer signo de neoplasia oculta. Su forma de presentación clínica y radiológica es inespecífica, lo que genera retraso en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. La resonancia magnética es la imagen de elección para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es paliativo. Presentamos cuatro pacientes con acrometástasis y una revisión de la literatura.

Abtract: Acrometastasis are defined as localized bone metastases distal to the elbow and knee. Its prevalence is very low, approximately 0.1% of all bone metastases and they present in patients with advanced disease and are considered indicators of poor prognosis. In up to 10% of cases are the first sign of undiagnosed neoplasia. Its clinical and radiological presentation is non-specific which generates delays in its diagnosis and treatment. Magnetic resonance is the image of choice for diagnosis. The treatment in most cases is palliative. We present four patients with acrometastasis and a review of the literature.

Is It Safe for Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies to Undergo Routine Dental Care? Experience From a Single-Center Study.

Background Brugada syndrome and long-QT syndrome may account for at least one third of unexplained sudden cardiac deaths. Dental care in patients with cardiac channelopathies is challenging because of the potential risk of life-threatening events. We hypothesized that the use of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine with and without epinephrine is safe and does not result in life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with channelopathies. Methods and Results We performed a randomized, double-blind pilot trial comparing the use of 2% lidocaine without a vasoconstrictor and with 1:100 000 epinephrine in 2 sessions of restorative dental treatment with a washout period of 7 days (crossover trial). Twenty-eight-hour Holter monitoring was performed, and 12-lead electrocardiography, digital sphygmomanometry, and anxiety scale assessments were also conducted at 3 time points. Fifty-six dental procedures were performed in 28 patients (18 women, 10 men) with cardiac channelopathies: 16 (57.1%) had long-QT syndrome, and 12 (42.9%) had Brugada syndrome; 11 (39.3%) of patients had an implantable defibrillator. The mean age was 45.9±15.9 years. The maximum heart rate increased after the use of epinephrine during the anesthesia period from 82.1 to 85.8 beats per minute (P=0.008). In patients with long-QT syndrome, the median corrected QT was higher, from 450.1 to 465.4 ms (P=0.009) at the end of anesthesia in patients in whom epinephrine was used. The other measurements showed no statistically significant differences. No life-threatening arrhythmias occurred during dental treatment. Conclusions The use of local dental anesthesia with lidocaine, regardless of the use of a vasoconstrictor, did not result in life-threatening arrhythmias and appears to be safe in stable patients with cardiac channelopathies. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03182777.

Premature atrial and ventricular complexes in outpatients referred from a primary care facility.

BACKGROUND: Premature complexes are common electrocardiographic findings in daily clinical practice that require further evaluation. Investigation may sometimes be complex and expensive. The aim of our study was to analyze variables associated with premature beats identified in outpatients referred from a primary care facility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 407 outpatients (aged 55.8±11years; 56% women) who were followed by general practitioners and were referred for resting 12-lead electrocardiograms for a routine clinical follow-up. After signing informed consent, patients answered a questionnaire and underwent physical examinations, laboratory diagnostics, transthoracic echocardiograms and 24-hour Holter monitoring to evaluate for the presence of premature complexes. After the univariate analyses, logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for age, sex, and cardiovascular diseases. RESULTS: Premature complexes distribution revealed that they were frequent but with low density. Premature atrial complexes (≥ 4/hours) were associated with age (Odds Ratio (OD) = 1.030, Confidence Interval (CI) 95% = 1.002 ─ 1.059, p = 0.029), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels > 20mg/dL (OR = 4.489, 95%CI = 1.918 ─ 10.507, p = 0.0005), intraventricular blocks (OR = 4.184, 95%CI = 1.816 ─ 9.406, p = 0.0005) and left atrial diameter (OR = 1.065, 95%CI = 1.001 ─ 1.134, p = 0.046). Premature ventricular complexes (≥ 5/hour) were related to age (OR = 1.032, 95%CI = 1.010 ─ 1.054, p = 0.004), the use of calcium channel blockers (OR = 2.248, 95%CI = 1.019 ─ 4.954, p = 0.045), HDL-cholesterol levels (OR = 0.971, 95%CI = 0.951 ─ 0.992, p = 0.007), BNP levels > 20mg/dL (OR = 2.079, 95%CI = 0.991 ─ 0.998, p = 0.033), heart rate (OR = 1.019, 95%CI = 1.001 ─ 1.038, p = 0.041), left ventricular hypertrophy (OR = 2.292, 95%CI = 1.402 ─ 3.746, p = 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (OR = 0.938, 95%CI = 0.900 ─ 0.978, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Premature complexes had low density and were associated with BNP levels > 20mg/dL, lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, left atrial enlargement and ventricular hypertrophy. The identification of premature complexes on 24-hour Holter monitor recordings of outpatients in a primary public healthcare setting was associated with uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factors that may be addressed with medical advice and therapy in a primary care setting.

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L. ) growth and phytomass accumulation rate / Crescimento e marcha de acúmulo de fitomassa em pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L. )

Jatropha plants are known to be a rustic, low-demanding crop for nutrients and water. For that reason, they have been cultivated in restoring degraded areas or as windbreak. Nevertheless, under appropriate soil and climate conditions, this crop may become an alternative for biodiesel production due to high oil content and industrial quality. Studies on the growth and the phytomass accumulation rate of shoots of perennials permit subsidize management practices of culture, such as the definition of the population and the plant arrangement; it also enables the estimation of demand and potential recycling of nutrients, which contributes to establishing the most suitable amount and time for supplying fertilizers in cover. Studies on plant growth and phytomass accumulation have been conducted for a relatively short period of time, sometimes under greenhouse conditions. This trial design was carried out in Cassilândia-MS, for 52 months, with the objective of evaluating Jatropha growth and phytomass accumulation. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications and 15 treatments, consisting of evaluation times. Jatropha growth, mainly height, stems and crown diameter, is accentuated in the first 12 to 15 months after seedling transplanting. Crown diameter showed a new growth cycle between the 35th and the 52nd month, superior than observed in the initials stages of growth. Stem phytomass accumulation is relatively low until eight months after seedling transplanting, being considerably increased after this period. Intense senescence and leaf abscission is observed in drier and colder periods of the year.

As plantas de pinhão-manso são caracterizadas pela rusticidade, com pouca exigência nutricional e hídrica. Por esta razão, têm sido utilizadas na recuperação de terras degradadas ou como cerca viva. Porém, em condições edafoclimáticas adequadas, pode-se tornar uma cultura alternativa para a produção de óleo diesel, por suas características de teor e qualidade industrial. Estudos sobre o crescimento e a marcha de acúmulo de fitomassa de parte aérea de plantas perenes subsidiam práticas de manejo da cultura, tais como a definição da população e do arranjo de plantas; também possibilita a estimativa da demanda e do potencial de reciclagem de nutrientes, o que contribui para o estabelecimento da quantidade e da época mais adequada para o fornecimento de adubos em cobertura. Trabalhos já publicados sobre avaliações do crescimento e do acúmulo de fitomassa têm abrangido um período de avaliação relativamente curto, algumas vezes em condições de casa de vegetação. Com o objetivo de avaliar a campo o crescimento e a marcha de acúmulo de fitomassa em plantas de pinhão-manso, conduziu-se um experimento em Cassilândia, MS, por um período de 52 meses. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com quatro repetições e 15 tratamentos, correspondentes às épocas de avaliação. Verificou-se que o crescimento das plantas de pinhão-manso, principalmente em relação à sua altura e diâmetro de caule e de copa, é mais intenso nos primeiros doze a 15 meses após o transplantio das mudas. Para o diâmetro de copa, houve novo ciclo de crescimento, entre o 35º e o 52º mês, em taxa superior à observada no período inicial. O acúmulo de matéria seca de caule é relativamente pequeno até oito meses após o transplantio das mudas, aumentando consideravelmente a partir deste período. Há intensa senescência e abscisão foliar nas plantas, nos períodos mais secos e frios do ano.

Jatropha cake (Jatropha curcas): hepatotoxic implications / Torta de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas): implicações hepatotóxicas

Jatropha has been highlighted as an oleaginous potential for the production of biofuel. The cake, produced by oil extraction, could be used in animal feed. However, some varieties of jatropha are toxic by limiting their incorporation into animal diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of diets added with jatropha cake ­ JC (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Thirty-five (35) male Wistar adults rats (Rattus norvegicus) with initial weight of 352.1 ± 26.8 g were used. The animals were fed for 21 days with the diets: control, 10, 25, 40 and 50% JC. In the feeding with 50% JC the animals presented themselves prostrate and with piloerection. Development and survival decreased, since the inclusion of JC in diets increased. In rats submitted to 10 and 25% JC there was an increase of 17.52% in the hepatosomatic index in relation to the control group. Increase of JC in the rat diet promoted an increase in the activity of ALT and AST enzymes. Anatomic-histopathological evaluation demonstrated that, regardless of the levels tested, JC in rat diet causes hypertrophy of the hepatocytes, with a reduction in energy reserves. This study demonstrated that the use of JC resulted in decreased food intake, associated with weight loss due to the clinical pattern of toxicity, demonstrated by biochemical and histopathological changes in the liver. It was concluded that the inclusion of jatropha cake in rat feeding presents high hepatotoxic potential leading to lesions in the liver parenchyma.(AU)

O pinhão-manso tem se destacado como oleaginosa potencial para a produção de biocombustível. A torta, coproduto da extração do óleo, poderia ser utilizada na alimentação animal. No entanto, algumas variedades de pinhão-manso são tóxicas, limitando sua incorporação em dietas animais. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a hepatotoxicidade de dietas acrescidas de torta de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) em ratos. Foram utilizados trinta e cinco (35) ratos Wistar (Rattus norvergicus) machos adultos com peso inicial de 352,1 ± 26,8 g. Os animais foram alimentados por 21 dias com as dietas: controle, 10, 25, 40 e 50% TPM. Na alimentação com 50% TPM os animais apresentaram-se prostrados e com piloereção. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência apresentaram diminuição conforme o aumento da inclusão de TPM nas dietas. Em ratos submetidos a 10 e 25% TPM houve aumento de 17,52% no índice hepatossomático em relação ao grupo controle. O aumento de TPM na dieta de ratos promoveu aumento da atividade das enzimas ALT e AST. A avaliação anatomo-histopatológica revelou que, independentemente dos níveis testados, a TPM na alimentação de ratos provoca hipertrofia dos hepatócitos, com redução das reservas energéticas. Este estudo demonstrou que a utilização de TPM resultou em diminuição do consumo de alimento associado à perda de peso devido ao quadro clínico de toxicidade demonstrado pelas alterações bioquímica e histopatológica no fígado. Conclui-se que a inclusão de torta de pinhão-manso na alimentação de ratos apresenta alto potencial hepatotóxico levando a lesões no parênquima hepático.(AU)

Reproducibility for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during 6-Min Walk Test in Patients with Heart Failure and Agreement between Devices.

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a useful method to assess abnormal functioning in the autonomic nervous system and to predict cardiac events in patients with heart failure (HF). HRV measurements with heart rate monitors have been validated with an electrocardiograph in healthy subjects but not in patients with HF. We explored the reproducibility of HRV in two consecutive six-minute walk tests (6MW), 60-minute apart, using a heart rate monitor (PolarS810i) and a portable electrocardiograph (called Holter) in 50 HF patients (mean age 59 years, NYHA II, left ventricular ejection fraction ~35%). The reproducibility for each device was analysed using a paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Additionally, we assessed the agreement between the two devices based on the HRV indices at rest, during the 6MW and during recovery using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), 95% confidence intervals and Bland-Altman plots. The test-retest for the HRV analyses was reproducible using Holter and PolarS810i at rest but not during recovery. In the second 6MW, patients showed significant increases in rMSSD and walking distance. The PolarS810i measurements had remarkably high concordance correlation [0.86

As Organizações Policiais e a Gestão Pública

Este trabalho busca trazer reflexões sobre a importância das instituições policiais serem compreendidas como organizações públicas prestadoras de serviços de segurança, com os mesmos dilemas e desafios dos sistemas organizacionais em geral, porém com a especificidade e complexidade características da atividade policial. Suas exigências e dilemas são semelhantes aos demais sistemas organizacionais, mudando apenas em sua característica, mas não na sua essência. Alerta para a importância das atividades de segurança pública como fator indispensável ao desenvolvimento econômico e social em qualquer sociedade. Chama a atenção para a complexidade das questões relacionadas à segurança pública e propõe a participação de equipes multidisciplinares como um dos caminhos para a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços de segurança pública prestados à sociedade. Apresenta o Programa Delegacia Legal, implantado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, desde 1999, ao longo de seis governos, como uma experiência bem-sucedida de mudança organizacional em uma organização policial ­ a PCERJ ­ Polícia Civil do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, obtendo, inclusive, o reconhecimento internacional da Organização das Nações Unidas ­ ONU, com o "Best Practices Certificate" do Dubai International Award e UN-Habitat.

Reproducibility for heart rate variability analysis during 6-Min walk test in patients with heart failure and agreement between devices

Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a useful method to assess abnormal functioning in the autonomic nervous system and to predict cardiac events in patients with heart failure (HF). HRV measurements with heart rate monitors have been validated with an electrocardiograph in healthy subjects but not in patients with HF. We explored the reproducibility of HRV in two consecutive six-minute walk tests (6MW), 60-minute apart, using a heart rate monitor (PolarS810i) and a portable electrocardiograph (called Holter) in 50 HF patients (mean age 59 years, NYHA II, left ventricular ejection fraction ~35%). The reproducibility for each device was analysed using a paired t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Additionally, we assessed the agreement between the two devices based on the HRV indices at rest, during the 6MW and during recovery using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), 95% confidence intervals and Bland-Altman plots. The test-retest for the HRV analyses was reproducible using Holter and PolarS810i at rest but not during recovery. In the second 6MW, patients showed significant increases in rMSSD and walking distance. The PolarS810i measurements had remarkably high concordance correlation [0.86