Effect of Lyoprotective Agents on the Preservation of Survival of a Bacillus cereus Strain PBG in the Freeze-Drying Process.

Lyophilization is a widely employed long-term preservation method in which the bacterial survival rate largely depends on the cryoprotectant used. Bacillus cereus strain PBC was selected for its ability to thrive in environments contaminated with arsenic, lead, and cadmium, tolerate 500 ppm of free cyanide, and the presence of genes such as ars, cad, ppa, dap, among others, associated with the bioremediation of toxic compounds and enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, nheC). Following lyophilization, the survival rates for Mannitol 2.5%, Mannitol 10%, and Glucose 1% were 98.02%, 97.12%, and 96.30%, respectively, with the rates being lower than 95% for other sugars. However, during storage, for the same sugars, the survival rates were 78.71%, 97.12%, and 99.97%, respectively. In the cake morphology, it was found that the lyophilized morphology showed no relationship with bacterial survival rate. The best cryoprotectant for the PBC strain was 1% glucose since it maintained constant and elevated bacterial growth rates during storage, ensuring that the unique characteristics of the bacterium were preserved over time. These findings hold significant implications for research as they report a new Bacillus cereus strain with the potential to be utilized in bioremediation processes.

Conhecimento de cirurgiões-dentistas sobre diabetes mellitus e saúde bucal de pacientes com diabetes mellitus em são gonçalo/rj / Knowledge of dentists about diabetes and oral health of patients with diabetes in São Gonçalo/RJ, Brazil

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas da rede pública do município de São Gonçalo, quanto à etiologia, ao tratamento e às influencias do diabetes mellitus no tratamento odontológico, bem como avaliar as condições de saúde bucal dos pacientes diabéticos da Atenção Básica do mesmo município, através do IPV, ISG e CPO-D. Os pacientes examinados eram cadastrados na unidade de saúde, PAM Alcântara, São Gonçalo. O exame foi realizado por um único examinador (LB). Os resultados identificaram que 50% dos cirurgiões-dentistas acreditam que pacientes diabéticos têm facilidade de acesso ao tratamento odontológico na rede pública, entretanto, desconhecem o percentual de pacientes diabéticos no seu território; 27% solicitam exame de HGT de seus pacientes e 35% contatam o médico. Apesar de 81% saberem identificar uma crise hipoglicêmica e 58% uma crise hiperglicêmica, apenas 35% e 39% sabem como tratar uma crise hipoglicêmica e hiperglicêmica, respectivamente; 66% acham necessário um cuidado especial com pacientes diabéticos durante os procedimentos odontológicos. O índice de placa visível (IPV), observado nos examinados, foi de 59,88%; o índice de sangramento gengival (ISG) foi de 35,35% e o CPO-D de 21,19, com maior prevalência de perdidos (377 dentes), 102 cariados e 93 obturados. Em relação à saúde bucal, 67% relataram sentir a boca seca; 26% fazem uso de enxaguatório bucal; 78% afirmaram escovar os dentes de duas a três vezes ao dia; 50% descreveram fazer uso do fio dental. Concluiu-se que é necessário melhor capacitação dos cirurgiões-dentistas para atender pacientes diabéticos e melhorar sua condição de saúde bucal.

Antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, or the spores of B. atrophaeus.

OBJECTIVES: Ozone has been used as an alternative method for the decontamination of water, food, equipment and instruments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of dental instruments that were contaminated by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and the spores of Bacillus atrophaeus. METHODS: A total of one hundred and twenty standardized samples of diamond dental burs were experimentally contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and C. albicans (ATCC 18804) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (ATCC 6633) for 30 min. After the contamination, the samples were exposed to ozonated water (10mg/L O(3)) for 10 or 30min. The control group was composed of samples that were exposed to distilled water for 30 min. After the exposure to the ozonated water, 0.1 mL aliquots were seeded onto BHI agar to count the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. atrophaeus. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used to count the CFU/mL of C. albicans. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and the Tukey test. RESULTS: For all of the microorganisms studied, the ozonated water reduced the number of CFU/mL after 10 and 30 min of sanitization, and this microbial reduction was dependent on the duration of the exposure to the ozonated water. E. coli exhibited the greatest reduction in CFU/mL (2.72-3.78 log) followed by S. aureus (2.14-3.19 log), C. albicans (1.44-2.14 log) and the spores of B. atrophaeus (1.01-1.98 log). CONCLUSION: The ozonated water was effective in reducing the CFU of E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans and B. atrophaeus spores, suggesting that ozonated water can be used for the sanitization of dental instruments.

[Efficacy and tolerance of 200 mg of fenticonazole versus 400 mg of miconazole in the intravaginal treatment of mycotic vulvovaginitis]. / Eficacia y tolerancia de 200 mg de fenticonazol vs 400 mg de miconazol en el tratamiento intravaginal de la vulvovaginitis micótica.

OBJECTIVE: Fenticonazole is an imidazole derivative with a broad-spectrum antifungal activity mainly against Candida albicans. Fenticonazole nitrate was compared to myconazole vs. test efficacy, tolerance and treatment compliance in-patients with mycotic vulvovaginitis. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Eighty outpatients with mycotic vulvovaginitis were included and randomly placed in two groups of forty patients each one. Each group was either given 200 mg of fenticonazole nitrate intravaginal ovules or 400 mg of myconazole vaginal ovules on a daily basis for three days. Before the pharmacological treatment, each patient was evaluated clinically and microbiologically, as well as at the end of treatment (day 7-10) and one-month (28 days) after treatment. All patients gave informed consent to participate in the trial. RESULTS: No statistical differences were found between either treatment group during the anthropometric and demographic evaluation, neither in the signs and clinical symptoms of infection. Both treatment groups were considered as comparable. At after treatment evaluation (7-10 days) it was observed disappearance of almost all symptoms. At the final evaluation this fact was even more evident (day 21-28). At the study's completion, clinical efficacy (symptoms relief) was considered satisfactory in 100% (40/40) of the cases in the fenticonazole group and 97.5% (39/40) of myconazole group (one way ANOVA [GLM] analysis). The microorganisms more frequently isolated as the causing agents of infection in both groups were Candida albicans, 93% in the fenticonazole group and 85% in the myconazole group. Upon the study's completion, the microbiological efficacy was considered as successful in 97.5% of the cases in both groups (chi square [x2] analysis). The patient's compliance to the treatment was considered satisfactory in 100% in the fenticonazole group and 97.5% in the myconazole group. Tolerance was considered excellent in 100% (40/40) of the fenticonazole cases and in 95% (38/40) of the myconazole cases. Nevertheless, 5% (2/40) of the patients in the myconazole group had minor adverse events that did not require treatment suspension. No adverse events were reported in the fenticonazole group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both drugs are equally efficient in treating signs and symptoms of the infection as well as equally effective in the microbiological elimination of the causing agents of the mycotic vulvovaginitis.

Experiencia en pólipos gástricos / Gastric polips

En 1824 se describe por primera vez un pólipo gástrico, pero hasta 1965 se logra diferenciar un pólipo gástrico de cualquier lesión prominente por Yamada Fukutomi. Los pólipos gástricos son hallazgos endoscópicos y radiológicos, ya que no dan síntomas. Se dividen en dos grupos, los hiperplásicos y los adenomatosos, la importancia de su diagnóstico es por la posibilidad de malignizarse.Se realizó un estudio prospectivo entre diciembre de 1996 y marzo de 1998. Se realizó panendoscopia a pacientes mayores de 15 años, que ameritaran este estudio por otro diagnóstico; se incluyeron a todos los pacientes que presentaban pólipos gástricos, se valoró el número de ellos, la localización, el tamaño, las características de la mucosa adyacente, y se realizó polipectomía.Durante el periodo de 16 meses, se realizaron 1,622 panendoscopias, dentro de las cuales se detectaron 30 pacientes con pólipos gástricos que corresponde a una frecuencia de 1.84 por ciento. Se encontraron 10 portadores masculinos y 20 femeninos, la edad más frecuente fue en la cuarta y sexta década de la vida, la localización más frecuente fue en el cuerpo gástrico 18 (60 por ciento), antro 9 (30 por ciento), fondo 3 (10 por ciento). Sólo en cinco pacientes se encontró pólipo único, en 25 fueron múltiples pero no más de cinco; en un 80 por ciento los pólipos eran sésiles. En cuanto al resultado histopatológico se encontró que de los 30 pacientes, 20 (66.6 por ciento) tenían gastritis crónica, cuatro (13.3 por ciento) eran pólipos hiperplásicos, tres (10 por ciento) tenían metaplasia intestinal, uno (3.6 por ciento) con gastritis folicular, otro (3.6 por ciento) con gastritis crónica sin atrofia y uno (3.6 por ciento) fue pólipo hamartomatoso.Comparando los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, podemos observar que la frecuencia en esta población no difiere de otras cifras publicadas. La localización más frecuente corresponde al sitio donde tienen menor posibilidad de malignizarse, y la edad más frecuente entre los 40 y 50, lo que hace mucho más importante el seguimiento.

Ranking fotográfico de restaurações estéticas: avaliação da combinação de cor e integridade marginal / Esthetic restoration photographic ranking: evaluation of the combination of collor and marginal integrity

Os autores propõem um ranking fotográfico para avaliação clínica de restaurações estéticas de classes III, IV e V, como o mais adequado para verificar a cor e integridade marginal