Fatty acid, chemical, and tissue composition of meat comparing Santa Inês breed sheep and Boer crossbreed goats submitted to different supplementation strategies.

To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Inês breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Inês breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9-desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Inês breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n-3 and n-6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.

Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass hay.

This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Twenty-eight Santa Inês male lambs with an average body weight (BW) of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg(mean ± SD) were allocated in individual stalls and distributed in a completely random design with four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/100 g total DM M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay in diet) with seven replications. M. tenuiflora hay at the level of 20% dry matter (DM) total replacing Buffel grass hay increased final weight (P = 0.006), total weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily weight gain (ADWG; P < 0.001), DM intake (P < 0.001), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Intake of crude protein, NDFap, ADFap, ash, ether extract, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients presented a positive quadratic effect with M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay and 40 g/100 g total DM level presented greater intake. There were positive quadratic effects by M. tenuiflora hay inclusion at 20 g/100 g total DM level on slaughtering weight (P = 0.005), hot carcass weight (P = 0.002), cold carcass weight (P = 0.002), empty body weight (P = 0.001), hot carcass yield (P = 0.002), cold carcass yield (P = 0.003), and increase linear on biological yield (P = 0.003). There was no influence on cooling weight loss (P = 0.284). M. tenuiflora hay may be included in lamb diets at amounts up to 20 g/100 g total DM substitution of Buffel grass hay because increase in the nutrients intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics.

Características da carcaça de ovinos Santa Inês terminados em pastejo e submetidos a diferentes níveis de suplementação / Carcass characteristics of Santa Inês sheep finished in grazing and submitted to different levels of supplementation

Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar as características da carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês, mantidos em pastagem nativa e submetidos a diferentes níveis de suplementação na dieta (1,5 por cento, 1,0 por cento e 0,0 por cento do peso vivo). Foram utilizados 24 animais, machos castrados, com peso vivo (PV) médio inicial de 15 kg ± 1,44 e idade média de 150 dias. O concentrado foi constituído à base de milho moído, farelo de soja e sal mineral. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e oito repetições. A utilização da suplementação possibilitou a obtenção de cordeiros com características mais desejáveis da carcaça, como: melhor rendimento, maior área de olho de lombo, menor perda de peso no resfriamento e maior peso dos cortes comerciais. Em termos de análise econômica, pode-se concluir que, se o objetivo for obter carcaças mais leves com peso em torno de 7 kg e com nível mínimo de gordura não há necessidade de suplementação com concentrado, mas, se o objetivo for obter carcaças pesando de 10 a 12 kg e com melhor nível de acabamento recomenda-se suplementação com 1,0 a 1,5 por cento do peso vivo com concentrado.

The aim of this study was to evaluate carcass characteristics of Santa Inês lambs, maintained in native pasture and submitted to different supplementation levels in the diet (1,5 percent, 1,0 percent e 0,0 percent do LW). Twenty-four castrated sheep with 15 ±1,44 kg of mean live weight (LW) were used and average age of 150 days. The concentrate was constituted of cracked corn, soybean meal and mineral salt. A completely randomized design with three treatment and eight replicates was used. The use of the supplementation makes possible to get lambs with desirable characteristics of the carcass, such as: better yield, increase rib eye area, less lose of weight in the cooling, and greater weight of retail cuts. According to the economical analysis it may be concluded that, if the aim is to get lighter carcasses with weight around 7 kg and with minimum level of fat there is not any necessity of supplementation with concentrate, but, if the aim is to get the carcasses weighing from 10 to 12 kg and with better level of finishing, it is recommended supplementation with 1,0 to 1,5 percent of the live weight with concentrate.

Avaliação hematologica de caprinos exóticos e nativos no semi-árido paraibano / Hematological evaluation of exotic and native goats in Paraiba's Semi-arid

O presente experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental de Pendência, pertencente à Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba S.A. (EMEPA), localizada no município de Soledade -PB, na microrregião do Curimataú Ocidental, Semi-árido da Paraíba. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar uma avaliação hematológica de caprinos exóticos e nativos criados no Semi-árido paraibano. Foram utilizadas 40 fêmeas das raças Boer, Savana, Anglo-Nubiana e Moxotó, sendo 10 de cada raça, com idade média de cinco meses, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições, criadas em sistema semi-intensivo. Foram registradas as variáveis ambientais na sombra e no sol às 9:00 e às 15:00 horas, com auxílio de termômetros de máxima e mínima temperaturas, bulbo seco e bulbo úmido e de globo negro, e determinado o índice de temperatura do globo negro e umidade (ITGU), na sombra e no sol. Para a realização da hematimetria e leucometria foram coletadas amostras de 5 mL de sangue de cada animal, em tubo à vácuo com anticoagulante. A análise de variância revelou efeito de raça para os seguintes parâmetros hematológicos: eritrócitos, hematócrito e hemoglobina. Para o número de eritrócitos houve diferença significativa entre as raças Savana, Anglo-Nubiana e Moxotó, mas a raça Boer não diferiu em relação às raças Savana e Anglo-Nubiana. Houve efeito significativo para a variável leucócitos, tendo as raças Savana e Moxotó diferido das raças Boer e Anglo-Nubiana. Embora fatores como raça e ambiente influenciem sobre os parâmetros hematológicos, todas as raças apresentaram médias dentro dos limites normais para a espécie, demonstrando estarem bem adaptadas às condições climáticas do semi-árido.

The present experiment was carried out in the Experimental Station of Dispute, belonging to the State Company of Agricultural Research of Paraíba S.A. (EMEPA), located in the municipal district of Soledade -PB, in Curimataú Westerner small area, Semi-arid of Paraíba. One aimed with this, to accomplish an hematological evaluation of exotic and native goats servants in the semi-arid Paraiba. 40 females of the breed Boer, Savanna, Anglo-Nubiana and Moxotó, were used being, 10 of each breed, with medium age of five months, alloted in completely radomized design with 10 repetitions, grown in semi-intensive system. Environmental variables were registered in the shadow and sun at 9:00 and 15:00 o'clock with the aid of thermometers of maxim and low temperatures, dry bulb and humid bulb and black globe one. For the accomplishment of the hematimetria and leucometria, samples of 5 mL of blood of each animal were collected in vacuous tubes with anticoagulant. The variance analysis revealed breed effect for these hematological parameters: erythrocyte, hematocrit and hemoglobin. For the erythrocytes number there was significant difference among the breeds Savana, Anglo-Nubiana and Moxotó, but the Boer breed didn't differ in relation to the breeds Savana and Anglo-Nubiana. There was significant effect for the variable leukocyte that presented the breeds Savana e Moxotó differing from the breeds Boer e Anglo-Nubiana. Although factors with breed and atmosphere influence on the hematological parameters, all of the breed presented averages inside the normal limits for the species, demonstrating to be well adapted to the climatic conditions of the semi-arid.

Temperatura superficial e índice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos de diferentes grupos raciais no semi-árido nordestino / Superficial temperature and index of tolerance to the heat of goat of different genetic groups in semi-arid

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a temperatura superficial e o índice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos (F1) resultantes de cruzamentos entre as raças Boer, Savana, Kalahari, Anglo Nubiana e Moxotó, com caprinos SRD, da região Nordeste. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos inteiros, com idade média de seis meses e peso médio de 25,17kg, sendo seis de cada grupo genético: ½Boer + ½SRD (BS), ½Anglo-Nubiana + ½SRD (ANS), ½Savana + ½SRD (SS), ½Kalarari + ½SRD (KS) e ½Moxotó + ½SRD (MS), mantidos em regime de confinamento. Os parâmetros estudados foram a temperatura superficial e o índice de tolerância ao calor (ITC). Verificou-se que os grupos raciais apresentaram diferença significativa para a temperatura superficial, todavia o ITC foi semelhante para todos. Assim a utilização desses grupos raciais para incrementar a produtividade caprina no semi-árido pode ser aconselhada.

One aimed with this work to determine the superficial temperature and the index of tolerance to the heat of goats (F1) resultants of crossings among these breed, Boer, Savanna, Kalahari, Anglo Nubiana and Moxotó, with goat in no definite breed of the northeast area. Thirty goats were used, with medium age of six months and medium weight of 25,17kg being six of each genetic group: ½Boer + ½SRD (BS), ½Anglo-Nubiana + ½SRD (ANS), ½Savana + ½SRD (SS), ½Kalarari + ½SRD (KS) and ½Moxotó + ½SRD (BAD), maintained in confinement regime. The studied parameters were the superficial temperature and the index of tolerance to the heat (ITC). One verified that the genetic groups presented significant difference for the superficial temperature, though ITC went similar for all. So, the use of these genetic groups to increase the goats productivity in the semi-arid can be advised.

Respostas fisiológicas de caprinos de diferentes grupos genéticos no semi-árido paraibano / Fisiological responses of the caprines from different genetic groups in the semi-arid of Paraíba

Realizou-se este experimento na Estação Experimental de Pendência pertencente à EMEPA-PB, localizada no Município de Soledade-PB, com o objetivo de avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos e hematológicos de caprinos de diferentes grupos genéticos sob as condições do semi-árido. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos machos inteiros, com peso médio de 25,17 kg, sendo seis animais de cada grupo genético: ½ Boer + ½ SRD (BO), ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ½ SRD (AN), ½ Savana + ½ SRD (SA), ½ Kalarari + ½ SRD (KA) e ½ Moxotó + ½ SRD (MO). Verificou-se efeito significativo (P<0,05) de grupos genéticos para a freqüência respiratória e hematócrito. Tendo o BO apresentado freqüência respiratória superior (P<0,05) ao AN e MO; e hematócrito inferior (P<0,05) ao MO. O turno afetou significativamente (P<0,05) a temperatura retal e a freqüência respiratória, com médias superiores à tarde. Para as demais variáveis não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos genéticos estudados. Permitindo concluir que os animais estudados estão bem adaptados ao clima semi-árido.

This experiment was realized in Pendencia's experimental station of EMEPA-PB in Soledade- PB city. It aimed to avaliate the fisiological and hematological parameters of caprines from diferent genetic groups in the semi-arid conditions. Thirty males weithing about 25,17 kg were used, being six animals from each genetic group: ½ Boer + ½ SRD (BO), ½ Anglo-Nubiana + ½ SRD (AN), ½ Savana + ½ SRD (SA), ½ Kalarari + ½ SRD (KA) e ½ Moxotó + ½ SRD (MO). It was verified significative effect (P<0,05) among the genetic groups for breathing frequency and hematocrit. The BO presented breathing frequency more elevated (P<0,05) than the AN and MO; and its hematocrit was less elevated (P<0,05) than the MO. The period affects sifgnificatively (P<0,05) the rectal temperature and breathing frequency, being the superior averages in the afternoon period. For the other parameters there were not significative differences among the genetic groups studied. Besides this, it can be concluded that the studied animals are adaptaded to the semi-arid climatic conditions.