RESUMO
The paper investigates the properties of unsaturated polyester resins and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites. The influence of MCC modification on mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal properties of obtained materials was discussed. In order to reduce the hydrophilic character of the MCC surface, it was subjected to esterification with the methacrylic anhydride. This resulted in hydroxyl groups blocking and, additionally, the introduction of unsaturated bonds into its structure, which could participate in copolymerization with the curing resin. Composites of varying amounts of cellulose as a filler were obtained from modified MCC and unmodified (comparative) MCC. The modification of MCC resulted in obtaining composites characterized by greater flexural strength and strain at break compared with the analogous composites based on the unmodified MCC.
RESUMO
This work investigates the impact of lignin origin and structural characteristics, such as molecular weight and functionality, on the properties of corresponding porous biopolymeric microspheres obtained through suspension-emulsion polymerization of lignin with styrene (St) and/or divinylbenzene (DVB). Two types of kraft lignin, which are softwood (Picea abies L.) and hardwood (Eucalyptus grandis), fractionated by common industrial solvents, and related methacrylates, were used in the synthesis. The presence of the appropriate functional groups in the lignins and in the corresponding microspheres were investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), while the thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The texture of the microspheres was characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The swelling studies were performed in typical organic solvents and distilled water. The shapes of the microspheres were confirmed with an optical microscope. The introduction of lignin into a St and/or DVB polymeric system made it possible to obtain highly porous functionalized microspheres that increase their sorption potential. Lignin methacrylates created a polymer network with St and DVB, whereas the unmodified lignin acted mainly as an eco-friendly filler in the pores of St-DVB or DVB microspheres. The incorporation of biopolymer into the microspheres could be a promising alternative to a modification of synthetic materials and a better utilization of lignin.
