Progression of primarily untreated desomorphine drug induced jaw osteonecrosis: A case report.

Desomorphine is a composite of the self-made illicit drug "krokodil", which is popular in Eastern Europe and other parts of the world. It causes toxic damage of different organs including bones. In this paper, a clinical portrait of the patient with drug-induced osteonecrosis of mandible who refused surgical treatment in the early stages of the disease, is presented. At the time of first presentation, the patient displayed swelling of oral soft tissues and purulent discharge in the molar area of the right mandible. Radiographic examination demonstrated several small radiolucent lesions in the body of the mandible. The patient gave consent for surgical treatment and rehabilitation only after 12 months of the diagnosis. During this period of time, the necrosis of the mandibular bone progressed and a pathological fracture of the jaw was developed. Patient underwent surgical treatment - resection of the mandible. Management of drug-induced jaw osteonecrosis is challenging as the necessity of dental and surgical treatment as well as treatment and rehabilitation of substance use disorder arises. Involvement of a multidisciplinary healthcare professionals team is essential in successful treatment of this pathology. The latter includes early surgical intervention/medical treatment and rehabilitation from drug addiction.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Phage VA7 against Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Infection.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, bacteriophages (phages), i.e., viruses that infect bacteria, have been used as antimicrobial agents for treating various infections. Phage preparations targeting a number of bacterial pathogens are still in use in the post-Soviet states and are experiencing a revival in the Western world. However, phages have never been used to treat diseases caused by Bacteroides fragilis, the leading agent cultured in anaerobic abscesses and postoperative peritonitis. Enterotoxin-producing strains of B. fragilis have been associated with the development of inflammatory diarrhea and colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the molecular biosafety and antimicrobial properties of novel phage species vB_BfrS_VA7 (VA7) lysate, as well as its impact on cytokine IL-8 production in an enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF)-infected colonic epithelial cell (CEC) culture model. Compared to untreated infected cells, the addition of phage VA7 to ETBF-infected CECs led to significantly reduced bacterial counts and IL-8 levels. This in vitro study confirms the potential of phage VA7 as an antibacterial agent for use in prophylaxis or in the treatment of B. fragilis infections and associated colorectal carcinoma.