First­line programmed cell death 1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy vs. standard treatment in patients with recurrent or metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor revives the killing effect of immune cells to prevent tumor progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy vs. standard treatment in recurrent or metastatic (R/M) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 51 patients with R/M OSCC were reviewed and divided into the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy (n=21) and standard treatment (n=30) groups based on their actual treatments. The results of the present study demonstrated that the objective response rate (52.4 vs. 36.7%, P=0.265) and disease control rate (81.0 vs. 70.0%, P=0.377) were numerically elevated in the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group compared with those in the standard treatment group; however, the results did not reach statistical significance. The progression-free survival (PFS) was numerically increased (without statistical significance) in the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group compared with that of the standard treatment group (P=0.057). Specifically, the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group and the standard treatment group exhibited a median [95% confidence interval (CI)] PFS duration of 6.7 (1.6-11.8) and 5.2 (3.4-7.0) months, respectively. In addition, the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group demonstrated increased overall survival (OS) compared with that of the standard treatment group (P=0.032). Specifically, the PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group and the standard treatment group exhibited a median (95% CI) OS duration of 18.3 (11.9-24.7) and 10.3 (7.9-12.7) months, respectively. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy was independently associated with improved PFS [hazard ratio (HR)=0.308, P=0.002] and OS (HR=0.252, P=0.003). In addition, the incidence of grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs) was relatively low in both groups and the incidence of any grade of each AE was not significantly different between groups (all P>0.050). In conclusion, the first-line PD-1 inhibitor + chemotherapy group had improved efficacy and comparable safety compared with those of the standard treatment in patients with R/M OSCC.

A Comprehensive Investigation on Potential Risk Factors for NSCL/P in a Rural District of Hebei Province, China.

Non syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P), one of the most common birth defects, is closely related to various risk factors. However, information regarding risk factors for NSCL/P in rural districts in China is very limited thus far. The objective of this study was designed to identify the potential risk factors for NSCL/P in rural districts.A comprehensive retrospective investigation including 435 NSCL/P patients and 402 healthy children was carried out in Hebei Province, China. Multiple logistic regression analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) were respectively used to identify non-genetic and genetic risk factors for NSCL/P, and then PLINK was used to explore the relationship between non-genetic and genetic risk factors.The results showed that maternal periconceptional exposure to pesticides and herbicides, as well as low parental education level were involved in the increased risk of NSCL/P, whereas maternal folic acid and multivitamin supplementation use during preconception period were associated with the reduced risk of NSCL/P. TDT analysis identified 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7078160 and rs4752028) in VAX1 and one SNP (rs17563) in BMP4 as the genetic risk factors for NSCL/P. Further analysis showed that the genetic risk factors were closely related with the negative non-genetic risk factors.Our study identified the potential risk factors for NSCL/P in rural districts, thus providing a theoretical basis for the prevention of NSCL/P occurrence.

Castleman's disease with submaxillary lymphadenectasis as the main manifestation: a case report.

Castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disease that is rare and hard to diagnose. As a result of untypical manifestations, missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Castleman's disease are common in clinical practice. In this paper, we report one patient with clinical manifestations of painless submaxillary lymphadenectasis. The patient was finally diagnosed with Castleman's disease by clinical, laboratory, and pathological examinations. This report may promote the understanding and diagnosis of Castleman's disease for clinicians.