Effect Comparison of Assisted Surgery Simulated by Preoperative 3D Reconstruction and Minimally Invasive Surgery with the Assist of Knee Arthroscopy in the Treatment of Tibial Plateau Fracture under the Background of Intelligent Medicine.

Objective: To explore the effect comparison of the assisted surgery simulated by preoperative 3D reconstruction and the minimally invasive surgery with the assist of knee arthroscopy in the treatment of tibial plateau fracture (TPF) under the background of intelligent medicine. Methods: 100 patients with TPF admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. According to the order of admission, the patients were divided into the simulation group with 3D reconstruction (n = 50) and the auxiliary group with knee arthroscopy (n = 50), and the clinical indicators were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in any other clinical treatment indexes between the two groups except the surgery time (P > 0.05), and there was no significant difference in knee flexion ability, walking ability, and Rasmussen scores between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). However, compared with the auxiliary group with knee arthroscopy, the mean posterior slope angle and varus angle of the patients were significantly higher (P < 0.001), and the total incidence of complications was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the analysis under the background of intelligent medicine, it is found that the assisted surgery simulated by preoperative 3D reconstruction has a better effect and a higher safety, but they have the similar effects on improving the knee joint function of patients.

[Effect of calcium sulfate on promoting natural healing of docking sites during bone transport].

OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical effect of calcium sulfate on promoting natural healing of docking sites during bone transport. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on the patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis treated by bone transport and calcium sulfate implantation from January 2013 to January 2018. There were 23 males and 4 females, aged from 20 to 61 years old with an average of (44.30±10.00) years, the courses of disease ranged from 3 to 86 months with an average of(13.26±16.47) months. Sixteen patients with posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis were caused by internal fixation of closed fractures, and 11 patients were caused by open fractures. The length of bone defects after debridement ranged from 4 to 14 cm with an average of(9.11±2.57) cm. Postoperative complications, natural healing rate of the docking sites, external fixation index were observed, Checketts & Otterburn pin-tract infection classification was used to evaluate pin-tract infection, and Paley evaluation criteria was used to evaluate bone and function results. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were followed up from 26 to 41 months with an average of (31.32±3.37) months. It did not happened skin embedded between bone stumps in all patients. All patients obtained bone union at (17.78±5.43) months after operation.Among them, 25 patients healed naturally in the docking sites, 2 patients with poor compliance healed after debridement and bone grafting in the docking sites. One patient occurred equines deformity, and no re-fracture or recurrence of infection occurred. According to Checketts & Otterburn pin tract infection classification, 22 patients (41 pin tracts)occurred pin-tract infection with varying degrees. The average external fixation index was (2.02±0.24) months/cm(ranged from 1.6 to 2.4 months/cm). According to Paley evaluation criteria, bony results showed 21 patients obtained excellent results, 5 good, and 1 moderate;functional results showed 19 patients got excellent results, 7 good, and 1 moderate. CONCLUSION: During bone transport, the implantation of calcium sulfate on the bone defect areas could prevent skin embedding between the bone stumps, benefit for the natural healing of the docking sites, and could avoid the second-stage debridement and bone grafting for most patients. However, it should be noted that compliance needs to be increased.

Factors affecting the incidence of aseptic nonunion after surgical fixation of humeral diaphyseal fracture.

BACKGROUND: Although aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture is rare, it often is debilitating for the patient. Treatment is challenging for the surgeon when nonunion occurs. The purpose of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for aseptic nonunion among patients with humeral diaphyseal fracture undergoing surgical fixation. METHODS: The medical records of all humeral diaphyseal fracture patients who underwent surgical fixation from January 2005 to January 2011 were reviewed to identify those who developed aseptic nonunion. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent associations of potential risk factors for aseptic nonunion among patients with surgical humeral diaphyseal fracture. RESULTS: A total of 686 patients were identified, with 659 meeting our inclusion criteria. Among these 659 cases there were 24 cases of septic nonunion, an incidence of 3.6%. The patients were followed for 9-24 months, with an average follow-up period of 14.8 months. In the final regression model, advanced age (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.14, P = 0.001), smoking (odds ratio, 5.34; 95% CI: 1.05-27.00, P = 0.043), use of NSAIDs (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% CI: 1.80-3.50, P < 0.001), and ASA score (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% CI: 1.06-8.74, P = 0.039) were risk factors for aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture after surgical fixation. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis confirms advanced age, smoking, use of NSAIDs, and ASA score were related to an increased risk of aseptic nonunion of humeral diaphyseal fracture after surgical fixation. Patients who have the risk factors identified in this study should be counseled about the possibility of aseptic nonunion occurring after surgical fixation.

Risk factors for postoperative wound complications of calcaneal fractures following plate fixation.

BACKGROUND: A fairly high prevalence of wound complications after open reduction and internal plate fixation (ORIF) of closed calcaneal fractures via the extensile lateral approach has been reported. The goal of this study was to analyze and identify independent risk factors for wound complications among closed calcaneal fractures undergoing ORIF. METHODS: The medical records of all closed calcaneal fracture patients who underwent ORIF from July 2005 to July 2012 were reviewed to identify those who developed a wound complication. Then we constructed a univariate and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the independent associations of potential risk factors for surgical wound complication. Records showed 479 patients who underwent ORIF of a closed calcaneal fracture from July 2005 to July 2012. The patients were followed for 3 to 28 months, with an average follow-up period of 14.2 months. Eleven patients had bilateral fractures, for a total of 490 fractured calcanei. RESULTS: The overall rate of postoperative wound complications following ORIF of closed calcaneus fractures was 17.8% (87 wound complications in 490 operations). With the regression model, smoking history (odds ratio, 5.79; 95% CI: 1.55 to 21.70; P = .009), diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 6.23; 95% CI: 1.37 to 28.31; P = .018), Sanders type (odds ratio, 5.44; 95% CI: 2.02 to 14.64; P = .001), number of residents and/or fellows present during the case (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.52; P = .028), duration of surgery (odds ratio, 4.54; 95% CI: 1.46 to 14.12; P < .001), estimated blood loss (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.04%; P < .001), and 10 or more people present in the operating room during the entire case (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI: 1.79 to 2.94; P < .001) were risk factors for wound complication. Tourniquet use (odds ratio, 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.08; P < .001), which was associated with a decreased risk for the development of a wound complication, was observed as a protective factor. Diabetes mellitus, Sanders type, and smoking were the strongest risk factors for postoperative wound complication after adjusting for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, Sanders type, number of residents and/or fellows present during the case, duration of surgery, estimated blood loss, and high number of persons present in the operating room during the entire case were related to an increased risk for postoperative wound complication of closed calcaneal fractures following ORIF. Tourniquet use was associated with a decreased risk for the development of a wound complication. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative series.

[Treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with unilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effects of the unilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation such as cannulated lag screws for the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. METHODS: From May 2007 to February 2012,52 patients (58 feet) with intraarticular calcaneal fractures were treated with unilateral external fixator and limited internal fixation such as lag screws. Forty-five patients (51 feet) were male,7 patients (7 feet) were female,ranging in age from 18 to 64 years,averaged 36.5 years. Time from injury to surgery was 4 to 13 (6.2 +/- 0.8) days. According to Sanders classification, there were 36 cases (40 feet) with type II fractures, 13 cases (15 feet) with type III fractures, 3 cases (3 feet) with type IV fractures. All patients were examed with X-ray and CT. Böhler angle, Gissane angle, length, width, height were measured on the radiographs, respectively. The function of the feet was assessed by the Maryland grading system. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients(57 feet) were followed up for 5 to 16 months,with an average of 7.2 months. Calcaneal Böhler angle increased from (12.65 +/- 5.32) degrees preoperatively to (30.63 +/- 4.28) degrees postoperatively. The calcaneal Gissane angle decreased from (129.87 +/- 6.25) degrees preoperatively to (122.11 +/- 4.89) degrees postoperatively. The calcaneal length increased from (64.5 +/- 7.1) mm preoperatively to (71.3 +/- 5.7) mm postoperatively. The calcaneal width decreased from (34.6 +/- 5.7) mm preoperatively to (28.2 +/- 6.1) mm postoperatively. The calcaneal height increased from (30.2 +/- 5.2) mm preoperatively to (39.3 +/- 6.4) mm postoperatively. All of the comparison between preoperative and postoperative measurements revealed statistically significant (P < 0.05). The length,width, height, Böhler angle and Gissane angle were improved significantly (P < 0.05). According to the Maryland grading system, the result was excellent in 20 feet, good in 31 feet, fair in 4 feet, pour in 2 feet,excellent and good rate was 89.5%. Three feet with wound infection or flap necrosis were healed after wound debridement and dressing exchange. CONCLUSION: The unilateral external fixation combined with limited internal fixation is a satisfactory treatment for intra-articular calcaneal fractures in short term with less damage, few complications and good functional recovery.