[Androgen regulation of the level of tissue-specific proteins in skeletal muscles during physical exercise]. / Androgennaia reguliatsiia soderzhaniia tkanespetsificheskikh belkov v skeletnykh myshtsakh pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

Administration of testosterone after exercises led to suppression of the hormone production during the anabolic phase within 72-120 hrs of muscles adaptation to physical loading. Content of the androgen receptors was also altered. The supercompensatory phase in content of proteins (myoglobin and aspartate aminotransferase as index) was absent due to an impairing effect of testosterone on muscle adaptation. These data suggest that administration of testosterone could not serve as an adequate model of a body androgenization which was observed in anabolic phase of muscle adaptation to physical exercises.

[Aspartate aminotransferase metabolism in muscles during physical exercise]. / Metabolizm aspartataminotransferazy v myshtsakh pri fizicheskoi nagruzkakh.

It is established that the concentration of cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase decreases the first day after intensive physical exercises due to the intensification of the degradation processes, the decrease in the synthesis rate and the enzyme entry into the blood vessel. The enzyme content is normalized by the 24th hour of rest and then the supercompensatory phase takes place: the enzyme biosynthesis increases and its degradation decreases to a greater extent.

[Radioimmunologic analysis of steroids. Scientific and practical aspects]. / Radioimmunologicheskii analiz steroidov. Nauchno-prakticheskie aspekty.

Many-year experience of using authors' own systems for steroid radioimmunoassay (RIA) is summarized. Synthesis of natural and anabolic steroid derivatives and their conjugation with bovine serum albumin are considered. Schemes of rabbits immunization with steroid-protein conjugates, and the antisera characteristics are described. Data on comparison of 3H- and 125I-ligands in steroid RIA are presented as well as the characteristics of the RIA systems. The RIA optimization and quality control problems as well as the prospects of the RIA development are discussed.

[Tropomyosin metabolism in muscles and its blood levels during physical exertion]. / Metabolizm tropomiozina v myshtsakh i ego soderzhanie v krovi pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

Physical exercise induces phasic changes in the tropomyosin content and metabolism in muscles and its concentration in blood. The intensive catabolic processes (decrease of 14C-leicin inclusion and time of half-life) of muscle tropomyosin and its appearance in blood were shown 2-24 hours after the exercise. Intensive anabolic processes of muscle tropomyosin were found at the late period of rest (72-144 h). These results reveal the biochemical mechanism of muscle adaptation to physical exercise. Data on the tropomyosin content in blood permit recommending tropomyosin for development of the diagnostic test of functional condition of the skeletal muscle.

[Effect of physical exercise on myoglobin and tropomyosin levels in skeletal muscles and myoglobin level in rat blood]. / Vliianie fizicheskoi nagruzki na soderzhanie mioglobina i tropomiozina v skeletnykh myshtsakh i mioglobina v krovi krys.

Single intensive physical exercise caused phase alterations in content of myoglobin and tropomyosin in rat skeletal muscles. Within the first 2-4 hrs of rest concentration of myoglobin and tropomyosin was decreased in muscles by 40-50% (catabolic, urgent step of adaptation). Within the later period of rest (72-120 hrs) content of myoglobin and tropomyosin was increased by 25-30% (anabolic, later step of adaptation) as compared with the control level. Similar phase alterations of these proteins in skeletal muscles were detected in trained animals but they were less distinct. Training of the animals led to elevation in content of the proteins in musculus quadriceps. The content of myoglobin increased from 1.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg up to 2.6 +/- 0.1 mg/kg and that of tropomyosin from 4.9 +/- 0.1 mg/kg up to 5.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg as a result of an increase in protein biosynthesis. Incorporation of 14C-leucine into myoglobin was increased 1.7-fold. Concentration of myoglobin in blood of untrained rats was increased 3-fold immediately after physical exercises and--9-fold within 72 hrs of the rest. Content of muscular proteins in blood reflected the response of muscle system to physical exercises and may serve as a criterion in evaluation of various steps of adaptation to physical loading.

[The steroid hormone levels and receptors of steroid hormone receptors in rat muscles during physical exertion]. / Soderzhanie i retseptsiia steroidnykh gormonov v myshtsakh krys pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh.

It is shown that the testosterone content in skeletal muscles of female albino rats is 2-fold decreased, while the estradiol content-1.5-fold increased and progesteron content showed no changes after systematic physical exercises. The pharmacokinetic investigations showed that androgen half-life in the organism decreased from 8 to 5 h under physical exercises. The amount of androgen receptors in cytosol of skeletal muscles increases from 1.34 +/- 0.08 to 1.71 +/- 0.10 fmol/mg per 1 mg of protein. Kd is 0.40 +/- 0.03 and 0.48 +/- 0.08 nM, respectively. Sensitivity of the organism to hormonal signal play an important role in the metabolism regulation in skeletal muscles along with the hormonal content change during the organism adaptation to physical exercises.

[Steroid levels and androgen receptors in skeletal muscles during adaptation to physical effort]. / Soderzhanie steroidov i retseptsiia androgenov v skeletnykh myshtsakh pri adaptatsii k fizicheskim nagruzkam.

Influence of physical exercises on the content of androstendione, estradiol and testosterone was studied in blood and skeletal muscles. The content of steroids was increased immediately after physical exercises and diminished down to the initial level within 48-72 hrs. Androgen receptors were increased from 0.58 +/- 0.04 to 1.17 +/- 0.17 fmol/mg of protein within 72 hrs after physical exercises in the skeletal muscle cytosol. The increase in the estradiol concentration stimulated the elevation in the androgen receptors content. Effect of estradiol on the content of androgen receptors in skeletal muscles was shown in model experiments using various doses of estradiol-benzoate. Thus, the hormonal status, responsible for metabolism during a body adaptation to physical exercises, depended not only on alterations in the content of steroids but also on the amount of receptors in skeletal muscles within various periods of rests after physical exercises.

[Radioimmunologic assay of steroids. Comparison of 3H- and 125I-ligands]. / Radioimmunnoe opredelenie steroidov. Sravnenie 3H- i 125I-ligandov.

Characteristic properties of radioimmunoassay (RIA) of steroids with 3H- and 124I-ligands as a label were studied using two anabolic steroids methandrostenolone and 19-nortestosterone. Antisera towards 124I-steroids were used at higher dilutions as their specific activity was distinctly more than in the antisera to 3H-substances. However, 125I-steroid must be in a stereochemical correspondence with the antiserum otherwise antibodies do not bind the label. The antisera towards 3H-steroids were obtained after coupling of a carrier at any position of the steroid molecule. Standard curves for 3H-steroids were very steep; this pattern of the curves enabled to increase the accuracy of calculations. Sensitivity of RIA with 3H-label was also higher as compared with 125I-steroids in the experiments where unlabelled steroids inhibited the label binding with antibodies by 50%. Distinct differences were not observed in RIA specificity for methandrostenolone and 19-nortestosterone.

[Radioimmunologic determination of androstenedione and the effect of physical training on its levels in human blood and saliva]. / Radioimmunnoe opredelenie androstendiona i vliianie fizicheskikh nagruzok na ego soderzhanie v krovi i sliune cheloveka.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) of androstenedione in biological fluids was developed. The sensitivity of the method was 30 pg/ml. The efficiency of the standard detection in blood and saliva was 98.2%. The intra- and interassay variations were 5.6% and 12,7%, respectively. Specificity pf the antiserum was determined in cross reactions using 17 steroids. The specificity depended upon the method used, the duration of immunization and the quantity of the antigen. Mathematic methods were used for definition of optimal values of the main parameters and conditions for RIA. 60 different regimes were investigated. The influence of regular physical exercises on androstenedione content in blood and saliva was investigated in 100 athletes. Physical exercises increased androstenedione concentration in men and women blood and saliva. Concentration of androstenedione was increased 1.3- and 2.2-fold in men blood and saliva, respectively, the concentration of androstenedione was increased 1.6-fold in women blood.

[Content and utilization of testosterone in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of male rats during physical exercise]. / Soderzhanie i utilizatsiia testosterona v serdechnoi i skeletnoi myshtsakh samtsov krys pri vypolnenii fizicheskikh nagruzok.

They influenced differently the content, transport and utilization of testosterone (T) in the body. The strength training resulted in a 2.5-3-fold increase of the T-content and binding capacity of blood proteins as compared with untrained animals, and a 1.5-2.0-fold increase of these characteristics as compared with untrained animals. As a result of PE 3H-T incorporation in 10 investigated tissues and organs including muscles increased 2-fold. A pharmacokinetic study showed that androgen half-life in the body increased from 1 h 35 min to 2 h 16 min under PE. The training did not change the T content in the active skeletal and heart muscles. The T and androgen receptor content in the muscle cytosol did not change after training.

[Effect of the conditions of isolation of free and bound ligands on the accuracy of the radioimmunoassay of steroids]. / Vliianie uslovii razdeleniia svobodnykh i sviazannykh ligandov na tochnost' metoda radioimmunnogo opredeleniia steroidov.

Testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to analyse the factors which influenced the precision and accuracy of steroid RIA. Selection of optimal parameters (concentrations of activated charcoal and of the radioactive steroid) was necessary in order to reduce the influence of non-specific binding and error of fractionation on the RIA results. The scheme for estimation of the optimal values of these parameters is described.

[Testosterone concentrations in human biological fluids following various routes of administration]. / Soderzhanie testosterona v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh cheloveka pri razlichnykh sposobakh vvedeniia v organizm.

The antiserum against testosterone (T) was obtained and its titer-dependent specificity was studied during the rabbit immunization. The radioimmunoassay for T determination in the human saliva, blood serum and urine was developed. The sensitivity is 6 pg, the variation coefficient within the experiment is 5.3 and between experiments is 10.5%, the standard confirmation is 95 to 100% and dihydrotestosterone cross reaction is 62%. The T content in human biological liquids was studied after various routes of its administration. The highest steroid concentration in the blood is seen 0.5 and 2 hours after the oral and intramuscular administration, exceeding the initial level 2-3 times. The highest T concentrations in the saliva and urine are observed 0.5 and 2, 2 and 24 hours after the oral and intramuscular use, respectively, the levels being 40 to 90 times (oral administration) and 2-3 fold (intramuscular injections) highest versus the initial ones. The changes in the saliva T content indicate the T level in the blood. It was shown that the free and total T levels in sportswomen urine are markedly higher in comparison with those of the females, not going in for sport. The T content in the sportsmen urine is within the limits, characteristic for healthy males.

[Radioimmune determination of steroids--comparison of 2 variants of the methods]. / Radioimmunnoe opredelenie steroidov--sravnenie dvukh variantov metoda.

Various conditions of radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique for estimation of 19-nortestosterone and methandrostenolone were studied. Dilution of antiserum, required for 50% binding of the labelled steroids, depended primarily on the RIA procedure used. When 19-nortestosterone was estimated by means of these two RIA procedures, the final dilution of antiserum was equal to 1:24,000 and 1:475,000, respectively. Characteristics of standard curves, sensitivity and accuracy were similar in these RIA procedures, but the rate of cross-reactions between antiserum and the steroids was different. Both RIA procedures indicated similar values of methandroctenolone and 19-nortestosterone content excreted with urine after oral administration of the steroids.