Role of Hematological Markers in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Various haematological markers have been shown to be diagnostic and prognostic in oral cancer. This study compares the values of the inflammatory metrics neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), ESR and HB in precancerous and cancerous lesions to see if one of them can be utilised to make an early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. To compare haematological markers as a diagnostic marker to differentiate healthy individuals, oral potentially malignant disorders from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. One hundred fifty patients were divided into three groups which includes 50 apparently healthy individuals (group A), 50 individuals with premalignant disorders (group B) and 50 individuals with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (group C). The levels of various haematological parameters obtained from 5 ml of intravenous blood was drawn from each subject were compared between these three groups. Using Kruskal Wallis and the Mann Whitney post hoc U test, comparisons between the NLR values were examined. A total of number of 150 individuals were included in the current study. The mean age is 43.3 years out of which 49 (81.6%) were male and 11(18.3%) were female. The mean NLR in group 1, 2 and 3 were 2.16, 3.12 and 3.67 respectively and mean PLR were 91.1, 110.3 and 160.6 respectively. The mean Hb content was 14.8, 13.77 and 12.76 respectively. The mean ESR was 9.65, 17.2 and 27.4 respectively. These parameters can be used as valuable adjuvant in identifying and understanding the nature of disease of both potentially malignant diseases and oral cancer.

Patterns of maxillofacial trauma in helmet vs. non helmet wearing two wheeler drivers in a tertiary care center.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The frequency and patterns of maxillofacial fractures vary by country, based on demographic, socioeconomic, cultural and environmental factors. Wearing a helmet is an efficient form of head protection for two-wheeler drivers and is now required in the vast majority of countries. The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of maxillofacial trauma in patients who wore helmets and those who did not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data were gathered from clinical records of patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma between January 2019 and February 2022. The inclusion criteria were met by subjects involved in two-wheeler accidents with comprehensive case records and radiological investigations. RESULTS: A total of 177 people presented following maxillofacial trauma. The mean age was 34.2 ± 12.7 years. There were 151 (85.3%) males and 26 (14.6%) females. One hundred and two patients had not been wearing a helmet, while 75 patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident. Mandible fractures were the most common injury in both groups, followed by zygomatic arch fractures (which were more common in non-helmet users) and dentoalveolar fractures in helmet users. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in the pattern and severity of maxillofacial trauma in helmet users and non-helmet users.

Prevalence and distribution of maxillofacial trauma in tertiary care centers before/ after motorcycle helmet use law in Sullia, India-A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In India, motorcycles are commonly involved in accidents and traffic rules negligence, most of which include some type of maxillofacial trauma. In September 2019, the rules for motorcycle and helmet use were modified to compulsory use in the state of Karnataka. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of mandatory helmet use on maxillofacial fractures and injuries in Sullia Taluk, Karnataka. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on the information obtained from clinical records in the K.V.G Dental College and the K.V.G Medical College from February 2019 to February 2020. The inclusion criteria were subjects who met with two-wheeler accidents with complete case records and radiological investigations. RESULTS: A total of 78 individuals reported with maxillofacial trauma from February 2019 to February 2020. The mean age was 31 ± 14 years. There were 74 (94%) males and 4 (6%) females. Forty-nine cases reported before the mandatory helmet use rule and 29 cases reported after the helmet use rule. There was a 36.3% decrease in the incidence of maxillofacial trauma, 23.5% decrease in fractures, and an 89% reduction in the number of victims who underwent open reduction and internal fixation during the post-law period. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of maxillofacial trauma after the implementation of the helmet rule.

Evaluation of Prevalence and Morphology of Dimple among Population of Sullia Taluk.

BACKGROUND: Dimple is one of the special indentations in skin of the face, which is considered as a sign of beauty. Dimpleplasty/surgical creation of dimple is a cosmetic procedure done by surgeons. Determining accurate position of dimple to create maximum beauty is always challenging to surgeons. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence and morphology (position and size) of naturally occurring dimple among population of Sullia taluk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1462 people were screened for the occurrence of natural dimples in face. Among them, 121 were found to have natural dimples. Prevalence of dimple, position of the dimple, and the variation in distance from the Khoo Boo-Chai's (KBC) point to the naturally occurring dimple was assessed. RESULTS: Among 121 patients with dimples, unilateral cheek dimples (72.88%) were more common than bilateral (27.11%). Ninety-one dimples (60.66%) were at KBC point and 59 dimples (39.33%) occurred anterior to KBC point at a mean distance of 9.86 mm. The mean size of dimple superoinferiorly on the right side was 8.29 mm and on the left side it was 8.96 mm. The mean size anteroposteriorly on the right side was 6.48 and on the left side it was 6.51 mm. CONCLUSION: The mean measurements in size and position of the dimple might help the surgeon in creating dimples resembling naturally occurring dimples.