Uso problemático de Internet y móvil en adolescentes y jóvenes españoles / Problematic Internet and cell phone use in Spanish teenagers and young students

Las adicciones a las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación han devenido una importante área de investigación. Los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar el posible uso problemático de Internet y móvil y analizar la capacidad predictiva de estos usos problemáticos para explicar las puntuaciones en el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet (CERI) y en el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil (CERM). Se aplicaron tres cuestionarios) a 1.879 estudiantes: un cuestionario general sobre uso de Internet y de móvil, un cuestionarios sobre uso problemático de Internet (CERI) y otro sobre móvil (CERM). El clúster ofreció una solución de tres grupos tanto para el CERI como para el CERM: sin problemas, problemas ocasionales y problemas frecuentes. No se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en Internet pero había más mujeres en el grupo de problemas frecuentes con el móvil. La comparación con nueve estudios españoles sugiere que: a) el tiempo conectado no es por sí sólo un buen indicador de uso problemático; b) emerge la relación entre uso problemático de Internet y malestar psicológico; c) el factor que puede explicar este uso problemático son las comunicaciones alteradas de identidad que ocurren al esconder la verdadera identidad; y d) las encuestas poblacionales no permiten confirmar la existencia de un trastorno adictivo persistente asociado a las TIC (AU)

Addiction to the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has become an important research topic. The aims of the present study were to determine the problematic uses of Internet and cell phones in Spanish teenagers and young students and analyze the predictive capacity of these problematic uses to explain scores on the CERI (Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet) and CERM (Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con el Móvil). Three questionnaires were applied to 1,879 students: a general questionnaire for Internet and cell phone use, one scale for problematic use of Internet (CERI) and one for cell phone (CERM). Cluster analysis yielded a solution involving three groups for both CERI and for CERM: no problems, occasional problems and frequent problems. There were no differences between males and females in Internet but there were more females showing frequent problematic use of cell phone. A comparison with nine previous Spanish studies suggests that: a) the amount of time spent connected is not a good indicator of problems deriving from its use; b) the factor that could explain problematic use is altered identity communication (AIC), which occurs when users hide or alter their true identity; and c) population survey data alone do not allow to con-firm the existence of a persistent addictive disorder related to ICT (AU)

Adicción a internet y móvil: Una revisión de estudios empíricos españoles / No disponible

Determinar los factores que diferencian el uso de Internet y móvil saludable del patológico. Método: Se revisaron doce estudios empíricos publicados por investigadores españoles sobre adicción a Internet y teléfono móvil entre 2002 y 2011, obtenidos a partir de una búsqueda en PsycINFO y en Psicodoc. Resultados y Discusión: Se observó una relación entre el uso problemático de Internet y diversos trastornos psicológicos y entre el uso problemático y el tiempo conectado. La comunicación alterada de identidad podría explicar la diferencia entre uso seguro y problemático de Internet y móvil. La cautela de los investigadores sugiere que no se puede confirmar la existencia de un trastorno adictivo grave y persistente relacionado con el móvil e Internet en base a encuestas poblacionales (AU)

Determine the factors that differentiate problematic from healthy use of Internet and mobile. Method: Twelve empirical studies about Internet addiction and mobile phone published by Spanish researchers between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. They were obtained from a search in PsycINFO and Psicodoc. Results and Discussion: There was a relationship between problematic Internet use and psychological disorders and between problematic use and time online. Altered identity communication could explain the difference between safe and problematic Internet and mobile phone use. The researchers caution suggests that we cannot confirm the existence of a serious and persistent addictive disorder associated with the mobile and the Internet based on population surveys (AU)

[Internet and cell phone addiction: passing fad or disorder?]. / La adiccion a Internet y al movil: ¿moda o trastorno?

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) generate new styles of meeting people or connecting with friends or strangers. In this context, the internet and the mobile phone deserve special attention. This article deals with the maladaptive use of these technologies. By reviewing the literature published between 1991 and 2005 and indexed in the databases of PsycINFO, Medline, Psicodoc, IME, and ISOC, we aim to determine whether maladaptive use of these technologies can be considered a mental disorder, and if so, of which type. We describe the psychological phenomena of maladaptive use of the internet and mobile phones, we review research on prevalence and possible risk groups, and finally we discuss some of the criticisms made with regard to the existence and classification of this disorder. It is concluded that excessive use of the internet can lead to a mental disorder of the addictive type, which can particularly affect individuals with special emotional needs, as well as adolescents and young adults. Among specific applications of the internet, a major risk is found for the use of communicative and synchronic applications, such as chats and online role games, since they permit hyperpersonal communication, playing with different identities, and projections and dissociation without consequences in real life. Furthermore, the internet can play an important role in the development and maintenance of other addictions, such as pathological gambling and sex addiction. In contrast to the case of the internet, maladaptive use of mobile phones may be considered abuse, but not addiction, since their use does not lead to the rapid emotional changes or the playing with identities that can take place in chats and online role games.

La adicción a Internet y al móvil: ¿moda o trastorno? / Internet and cell phone addiction: passing fad or disorder?

Se describen los síntomas del uso desadaptativo a Internet y al móvil, encontrados en estas investigaciones, se revisan los estudios sobre prevalencia y grupos de riesgo, y se comentan algunas de las críticas hechas respecto de la existencia y clasificación de este cuadro. Se concluye que el uso excesivo de Internet representa un trastorno mental de tipo adictivo que puede afectar sobre todo a personas con necesidades emocionales especiales y a jóvenes y adolescentes. Entre las aplicaciones específicas de Internet, la posibilidad de adicción se centra en el uso de aplicaciones comunicativas y sincrónicas como chats y juegos de rol en línea porque permiten la comunicación hiperpersonal, el juego de identidades, las proyecciones y la disociación sin consecuencias en la vida real. Además, Internet podría jugar un papel importante en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de otras adicciones como el juego patológico y la adicción al sexo. A diferencia de Internet, el uso desadaptativo del móvil puede llegar a ser un abuso, pero no una adicción, porque no se producen ni las alteraciones emocionales rápidas ni el juego de identidades que pueden producirse en chats y juegos de rol en línea

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) generate new styles of meeting people or connecting with friends or strangers. In this context, the internet and the mobile phone deserve special attention. This article deals with the maladaptive use of these technologies. By reviewing the literature published between 1991 and 2005 and indexed in the databases of PsycINFO, Medline, Psicodoc, IME, and ISOC, we aim to determine whether maladaptive use of these technologies can be considered a mental disorder, and if so, of which type. We describe the psychological phenomena of maladaptive use of the internet and mobile phones, we review research on prevalence and possible risk groups, and finally we discuss some of the criticisms made with regard to the existence and classification of this disorder. It is concluded that excessive use of the internet can lead to a mental disorder of the addictive type, which can particularly affect individuals with special emotional needs, as well as adolescents and young adults. Among specific applications of the internet, a major risk is found for the use of communicative and synchronic applications, such as chats and online role games, since they permit hyperpersonal communication, playing with different identities, and projections and dissociation without consequences in real life. Furthermore, the internet can play an important role in the development and maintenance of other addictions, such as pathological gambling and sex addiction. In contrast to the case of the internet, maladaptive use of mobile phones may be considered abuse, but not addiction, since their use does not lead to the rapid emotional changes or the playing with identities that can take place in chats and online role games

Adaptación transcultural al castellano de la Eating Disorder Examination / Cross-cultural adaptation of the Eating Disorder Examination into Spanish

Fundamento y objetivo: Este artículo presenta la adaptación transcultural al castellano de la entrevista semiestructurada Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) de Fairburn y Cooper (1993). Material y método: La versión original fue adaptada al castellano mediante una técnica compleja de traducción-retraducción sucesiva. La versión española final se aplicó a 50 pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (17 diagnosticados de anorexia nerviosa, 19 con bulimia nerviosa y 14 con trastorno por atracón) y a 30 sujetos que componían el grupo control. Resultados: Las medias y las desviaciones estándar del grupo en las 4 subescalas son similares a las obtenidas por los estudios normativos con la versión original inglesa. La versión española también muestra coeficientes alfa de Cronbach similares para la fiabilidad. En cuanto a la validez discriminatoria, las subescalas discriminan entre los grupos clínicos y el grupo control de manera significativa. Conclusiones: La versión española de la EDE presenta cualidades psicométricas apropiadas y similares a las de la versión original

Background and objective: This study presents a cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) by Fairburn and Cooper (1993). Material and method: The original English version was adapted by means of a complex successive translation-backtranslation procedure. The final Spanish version was then applied to 50 patients with eating disorders (17 diagnosed for anorexia nervosa, 19 for bulimia nervosa, and 14 for binge eating disorder) and to 30 normal control subjects. Results: The means and standard deviations of the group in the 4 subscales were similar to the data obtained by the normative studies of the original English version. The Spanish version also showed similarly high Cronbach alpha coefficients for reliability. As for discriminative validity, the subscales discriminated significantly between the clinical groups and the control group. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the EDE presents adequate psychometric properties, similar to the original version

[Cross-cultural adaptation of the Eating Disorder Examination into Spanish]. / Adaptación transcultural al castellano de la Eating Disorder Examination.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study presents a cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) by Fairburn and Cooper (1993). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The original English version was adapted by means of a complex successive translation-backtranslation procedure. The final Spanish version was then applied to 50 patients with eating disorders (17 diagnosed for anorexia nervosa, 19 for bulimia nervosa, and 14 for binge eating disorder) and to 30 normal control subjects. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of the group in the 4 subscales were similar to the data obtained by the normative studies of the original English version. The Spanish version also showed similarly high Cronbach alpha coefficients for reliability. As for discriminative validity, the subscales discriminated significantly between the clinical groups and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the EDE presents adequate psychometric properties, similar to the original version.