SDH with Bleeding Diathesis-a Management Protocol.

Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly. Patients taking antiplatelets and/or anticoagulants have increased risk of bleeding during the perioperative period. Precise dose blood products and specific surgical technique have been effective in preventing hemorrhagic complications perioperatively. From Jan 2010 to Dec 2012, 25 patients who were on antiplatelets and/or oral anticoagulants underwent emergency surgery for chronic or acute on chronic SDH. Patients were divided into three groups: group I-patients on antiplatelets, group II-patients on oral anticoagulants, and group III-patients taking both. Of these, 21 patients underwent minicraniotomy with microsurgical membranectomy and 4 patients underwent burr hole craniostomy. Random donor platelet concentrate (RDPC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) were used depending on whether patient was on antiplatelets or oral anticoagulants. Results were evaluated on the basis of ease of intraoperative hemostasis, incidence of rebleeding in postoperative period, postoperative imaging, and reversal of neurological deficits. Group I, group II, and group III had 16, 4, and 5 patients, respectively. Group I received a mean of 7 units of RDPC. Group II received a mean of 4 units of FFP. Group III received a mean of 7 units of RDPC and 4 units FFPs. There was no problem with intraoperative hemostasis and no incidence of rebleeding. We suggest specific dose protocol for reversal of antiplatelet and anticoagulant effect and specific surgical procedure in preventing intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding in the above group of patients.

Facial translocation approach to infratemporal fossa and cranial base in extensive angiofibroma: A review of 7 cases.

Angiofibroma extending to infratemporal fossa, orbit and middle cranial fossa is a difficult problem for a surgeon to tackle. Traditional extracranial excision with radiotherapy for the intracranial extension was practiced for a long time with variable results. Different approaches to remove such a tumour are described but most of them are not free from resultant morbidity in the form of facial asymmetry and incomplete tumour removal. Facial translocation approach facilitates complete tumour removal without cutting through the tumour thereby reducing per-operative blood loss. It also avoids facial asymmetry as the zygomatico-orbito-maxillary bony complex is replaced after the tumour removal. We present a review of seven cases with the results. The surgical steps, advantages, disadvantages and the complications are discussed.

Primary tuberculosis of parotid gland.

A young female presented with complaint of swelling of the parotid region for one year. She was diagnosed as a case of primary tubercular parotiditis. The diagnosis was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology. She was managed with antitubercular drugs. After completing the course the swelling resolved completely and there was no recurrence.