RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The sinking skin flap syndrome, also known as the syndrome of the trephined or the trephination syndrome, occurs in patients who have undergone a decompressive craniectomy. As opposed to this, persistent brain herniation also occurs in patients after a decompressive craniectomy and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage procedure is one of the therapies used to reduce it. A continuous lumbar CSF drainage procedure can upset the pressure dynamics of the atmosphere versus intracranial pressures to a point of fatal clinical deterioration and hence needs to be closely monitored. CASE DESCRIPTION: Our case report speaks of persistent brain herniation in which drainage of CSF led to a trephination syndrome, which was reversed once again, by measures to increase CSF production and intracranial pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Timely intervention eventually led to a favorable outcome and avoidance of a catastrophy.