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1.
Cureus ; 16(5): e60391, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38882958

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption poses a significant global public health challenge because of its adverse effects on oral health. Although the detrimental impact of SLT on oral tissues is well-documented, understanding its multifaceted effects is essential for effective prevention and intervention strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of SLT on oral health, focusing on various clinical parameters and their differences between placement and non-placement sites of SLT. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 528 habitual users of SLT was conducted. Clinical parameters included the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival recession (GR), and probing depth (PD). Oral mucosal changes at SLT placement sites have also been reported. Statistical analysis was performed to compare parameters between the placement and non-placement sites. RESULTS:  The study involved 528 subjects, mostly male (82%) and aged 21-40 years (mean±SD=31.14±9.10), habitual users of SLT. Prevalent SLT types included tobacco with betel nuts/masala/gutkha (59.9%) and tobacco with lime (54.5%). Significant differences were observed between SLT placement and non-placement sites: higher gingival inflammation (GI) at placement sites (1.54±0.61 vs. 1.45±0.54, p=0.01), lower GBI at placement sites (40.0% vs. 84.3%, p=0.001), and more prevalent GR (65.7% vs. 34.3%, p=0.03) at placement sites. Probing depths ≥ 3 mm were also less frequent at placement sites (2.67±0.72) than non-placement sites (3.37±1.03, p=0.001). These results highlight the detrimental impact of SLT on periodontal health, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions among SLT users. CONCLUSION: SLT use is associated with adverse effects on oral health, including GI, plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding, GR, and changes in the oral mucosa. Targeted interventions and public health policies are needed to address these issues effectively.

2.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci ; 16(Suppl 1): S320-S323, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38595503

RESUMO

Aim: To evaluate "coronally advanced flap" with or without "a platelet-rich fibrin membrane for the root coverage." Materials and Methods: All the clinical parameters were assessed at different time intervals (at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months) in both experimental and control group. Following "clinical parameters" were recorded using "UNC-15" "Probe-Plaque Index (PI)" (Silness and Loe, 1964), "Gingival Index" (GI) (Loe and Silness, 1963), "Recession depth (RD)," "Recession width (RW)," "Clinical attachment level (CAL)," and "Width of keratinized gingiva (WKG)". Results: At final evaluation (i.e., mean change from baseline to 6 months), "the decrease in Plaque Index was 2.5% higher in Group B (66.0%) as compared to Group A (63.5%). The decrease in Gingival Index was 6.1% higher in Group B (91.4%) as compared to Group A (85.3%), and the decrease in recession width was 4.0% higher in Group B (75.2%) as compared to Group A (71.2%). The decrease in clinical attachment level was 4.4% higher in Group B (53.2%) as compared to Group A (48.4%). The increase in width of keratinized gingiva was 1.9% higher in Group A (28.8%) as compared to Group B (26.9%)." Conclusion: The controlled, randomized, split mouth design showed that CAF surgery, either by alone or in combination with PRF, is an efficient treatment method for covering denuded roots. "This design was used to treat bilateral isolated Miller's class I and II recessions in gingival part. When compared to the CAF approach, the results from a combination of CAF and PRF after a 6-month period showed additional advantages in addition to mean root coverage in the treatment of Miller's classes I and II recessions in gingival part."

3.
FEBS Lett ; 598(13): 1605-1619, 2024 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38503554

RESUMO

Salmonella Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that is highly tolerant to bile. Next-generation mRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the adaptive responses to bile in two S. Typhimurium strains: wild type (WT) and a mutant lacking cold shock protein E (ΔcspE). CspE is an RNA chaperone which is crucial for survival of S. Typhimurium during bile stress. This study identifies transcriptional responses in bile-tolerant WT and bile-sensitive ΔcspE. Upregulation of several genes involved in nitrate metabolism was observed, including fnr, a global regulator of nitrate metabolism. Notably, Δfnr was susceptible to bile stress. Also, complementation with fnr lowered reactive oxygen species and enhanced the survival of bile-sensitive ΔcspE. Importantly, intracellular nitrite amounts were highly induced in bile-treated WT compared to ΔcspE. Also, the WT strain pre-treated with nitrate displayed better growth with bile. These results demonstrate that nitrate-dependent metabolism promotes adaptation of S. Typhimurium to bile.


Assuntos
Nitratos , Salmonella typhimurium , Nitratos/metabolismo , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Bile/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo
4.
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther ; 44: 103749, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37625764

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Treatment of the periodontitis is a key challenge since the disease occurs due to microbial biofilm which is extremely resistant to host response and antimicrobials. Among non-surgical methods, scaling and root planning (SRP) is considered as the fundamental method and results in the utmost improvements. However, complete elimination of subgingival calculus is difficult. A substitute treatment in inhibition of subgingival microbiota can be attained by ozonated water at a concentration of 0.5-4 mg/L. Lately, laser light therapy has been proposed in periodontal therapy in an endeavor to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of bacterial elimination and root surface debridement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 26 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected. The selected arches were randomly divided into two groups: Group-A was subjected to SRP + Ozone-Therapy and Group-B to SRP + Photodynamic-Therapy. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, 1&2months. Microbial parameters were recorded at baseline and 2-months. RESULTS: For both the groups significant decrease in clinical parameters were seen from baseline to 1 month and further in 2 months. On intergroup comparison of clinical parameters no significant result was found. Both the groups showed significant decrease in microbial parameters was seen from baseline to 2 months. On intergroup comparison of microbial parameters no significant result was found. CONCLUSION: Clinically and microbiologically, there was significant difference in both the groups between all time periods (P < 0.001), however there was no significant difference between the two groups at all periods (P > 0.05).


Assuntos
Periodontite Crônica , Fotoquimioterapia , Humanos , Periodontite Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Água , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Aplainamento Radicular/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Doença Crônica , Raspagem Dentária
5.
Indian Heart J ; 73(2): 185-189, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33865516

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiac diseases are seen in 1-3% of pregnancies. In developing countries rheumatic heart disease (RHD) contributes a major cause of cardiac disorders. OBJECTIVE: To study the maternal and fetal outcome in women with valvular heart disease or prosthetic heart valve replacement secondary to RHD in a tertiary care center. METHOD: The consecutive pregnant women with RHD attending our institute from May 2018 to August 2019 were included. A maternal adverse outcome was defined as cardiac death, new onset arrhythmia, heart failure, thromboembolic event, hospitalization for other cardiac reasons or cardiac intervention, aortic dissection, infective endocarditis and acute coronary syndrome. Fetal adverse outcome defined as fetal death, preterm birth, and low birth weight. RESULT: Total 80 patients were included in this study, native RHD in 60(75%) and 20(25%) had mechanical prosthetic valve replacement. Maternal adverse event occurred in 34(42.5%), comprising of death in 1(1.2%), new onset AF 2(2.5%), 20(25%) underwent balloon mitral valvotomy, 3(3.7%) underwent mitral valve replacement, heart failure hospitalization in 7(8.7%). 1(1.2%) patient developed mitral valve infective endocarditis. Preterm delivery occurred in 19(23.7%), 7(8.7%) abortions and 1(1.2%) intrauterine death. Fetuses with low birth weight were 43(53.7%). Pregnancy with live birth occurred in 57(95%) women with valvular heart disease but no prosthesis and 16(80%) women with prosthetic valve disease. CONCLUSION: Women with rheumatic heart disease carry a high risk both for mother and fetus. Early diagnosis, close follow-up during pregnancy, early recognition of deterioration in symptoms and timely cardiac intervention can lead to good maternal or fetal outcome.


Assuntos
Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Nascimento Prematuro , Cardiopatia Reumática , Feminino , Feto , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gestantes , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Cardiopatia Reumática/diagnóstico , Cardiopatia Reumática/epidemiologia
6.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20172017 Oct 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29066654

RESUMO

Surgical vestibular deepening procedures are well established and are being routinely performed.In spite of being an old technique, postoperative results in most of the instances are disappointing. Usually eventual loss of the clinically gained vestibular depth obtained through the surgical procedures occurs. This happens mainly due to rapid epithelialisation of the surgical wound and healing by scarring. Therefore, in the present case, after the initial incision, the labial free end of flap was sutured by a new technique so as to prevent rapid epithelialisation. Finally, the incision was completed and vestibular deepening was achieved with the help of diode laser as they are reported to produce remarkably less scarring at the surgical site.


Assuntos
Gengiva/cirurgia , Freio Labial/cirurgia , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/cirurgia , Suturas , Cicatrização , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Oral Biol Craniofac Res ; 6(3): 246-249, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27761392

RESUMO

The treatment of gingival recession defects is indicated for esthetic and functional reasons to reduce root sensitivity, to remove muscle pull, to create or augment keratinized tissue, and to prevent disease progression. The presence of sufficient amount of periosteum adjacent to gingival recession defects makes it a suitable graft. The adult human periosteum is a highly vascular connective tissue with immense regenerative potential. It contains fibroblasts, osteogenic progenitor cells, and stem cells as a result of which it has the ability to differentiate into fibroblast, osteoblast, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and skeletal myocytes. The tissue provided by these cells includes cementum with periodontal ligament fibers and bone. Therefore, in the present case, periosteum has been used as a lateral pedicle graft for the coverage of the single tooth gingival recession (mandibular central incisor). The procedure is justified by the evidence that periosteum is capable of proliferation and osteogenesis after injury.

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