Factors associated with ageist attitudes among college students.

AIM: Ageist views have the potential to deleteriously impact large populations of older adults in the USA and worldwide. The high levels of ageism among young adults might originate from their limited interactions with older adults (individuals aged 65 years and older). The present study examined the factors associated with ageist attitudes among college students. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 641 college students using an internet-delivered questionnaire. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with 17 ageist statements about older adults. A general least squares regression analysis was carried out to identify the associations of participants' sex, race/ethnicity and interactions with older adults on self-identified ageist attitudes. RESULTS: Approximately 37% of participating college students interacted with older adults one or more times per week, 38.3% had resided with an older adult in their lifetime and 78.2% had volunteered/worked with an older adult. Participants who were female (P = 0.035), African American (P = 0.033), those with more frequent interaction with older adults (P = 0.001) and those with experience living with an older adult (P = 0.028) reported significantly lower negative ageist attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that increased exposure to and interactions with older adults can reduce ageist views among college students. Practical recommendations are provided to increase students' opportunities for interactions with and exposure to older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1698-1706.

Hemostatic analysis of a patient with hereditary angioedema undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

IMPLICATIONS: Hereditary angioedema is a disease associated with acute complement-mediated inflammation and swelling of the airway and other vital organs. This case describes the impact of hereditary angioedema and cardiopulmonary bypass on hemostasis as assessed by thrombelastography.

Organic enrichment of breeding sources for sustained productivity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae).

Alfalfa pellets and chicken lay mash were used to obtain polluted water for continuous and sustained oviposition by Culex mosquitoes. Water in fiberglass tubs enriched with 0.1 and 0.25 percent (w/v) of either material received heavy oviposition by gravid mosquitoes. The higher level of enrichment resulted in greater oviposition than lower concentrations which in turn received significantly more oviposition than the controls with no enrichment. Oviposition continued in the enriched tubs for more than 43 days where Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex stigmatosoma constituted a major proportion of the eggs laid while Culex tarsalis, as expected, oviposited at much lower rates than the other two species. Supplemental enrichment of mosquito breeding sources with organic material can thus provide uniform and sustained availability of some mosquito larvae for the evaluation of persistent control agents and other related studies.

Interaction of the Culex quinquefasciatus egg raft pheromone with a natural chemical associated with oviposition sites.

In laboratory bioassays, gravid Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were strongly attracted and or stimulated to oviposit by a habitat-derived chemical cue, 3-methylindole, at several concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 microgram/liter in water. At concentrations above 10 micrograms/liter, 3-methylindole became repellent or deterrent. Responses to the known egg raft pheromone, 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, were much weaker and were relatively constant above a threshold dosage of about 0.1 microgram. Responses to blends of a fixed amount of the pheromone with variable doses of 3-methylindole were shown to be additive rather than synergistic.

Identification of oviposition attractants for Culex quinquefasciatus from fermented Bermuda grass infusions.

Compounds which attract and stimulate oviposition by gravid Culex quinquefasciatus were isolated and identified from a fermented Bermuda grass infusion. The neutral portion of the ether extract of the aqueous infusion contained the stimulatory materials. Fractionation by liquid chromatography yielded an active fraction containing phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, indole and 3-methylindole. A blend of the 5 compounds strongly stimulated oviposition, as did blends of any 4 of them. Bioassays with individual compounds showed that only 3-methylindole consistently induced oviposition, in concentrations spanning 5 orders of magnitude.

Microbial larvicides for the control of nuisance aquatic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) inhabiting mesocosms and man-made lakes in California.

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B.t.i.) and B. sphaericus were evaluated for chironomid larvicidal activity in freshwater mesocosms. Of two B.t.i. formulations, the technical powder ABG-6164 provided excellent control of chironomines (94%) at the rate of 11.2 kg/ha whereas the liquid concentrate, Vectobac 6 AS, achieved only moderate control (57%) at the rate of 22.4 kg/ha. In contrast, similar rates of B. sphaericus products, ABG-6184 technical powder and BSP-2 flowable concentrate, produced no significant reduction. Lake studies were initiated to determine which B.t.i. formulations were practical and effective in large-scale situations. Two sinking granular corn grit formulations worked with varying degrees of success but were deemed too bulky for extensive applications. B.t.i. technical powder preparations with high potency ratings of 5,000 and 12,430 ITU/mg gave excellent control of Chironomus spp. (100% and 87%) when used at the rates of 6.7 and 2.8 kg/ha, respectively. None of the treatments reduced larval populations of the tanypodines, Procladius and Tanypus.

Studies on the bioecological aspects of adult mosquitoes in the Prado Basin of southern California.

Studies on the bionomics of adult mosquitoes were carried out in the Prado Basin of southern California during 1985-86. The faunal composition of mosquitoes caught by species was (in descending order) Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. tarsalis, Cx. erythrothorax, Cx. stigmatosoma (formerly Culex peus) followed by Anopheles freeborni, Culiseta particeps, Cs. inornata and Cs. incidens. The number of mosquitoes per trap night was the lowest during December through February, and the highest during August through October. Depending on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, adult mosquitoes were active at dusk and dawn. In spatial distribution studies, both adult and larval collections showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. stigmatosoma were associated with dairy lagoons and Cx. erythrothorax with duck ponds and a nearby wooded area. Culex tarsalis was found in greater number at all habitats. Anopheles freeborni and Culiseta spp. were found around the wooded area. In vertical distribution studies, more mosquitoes were captured at the highest (6 m) level than at lower (0.6 and 3 m) levels which was probably due to the large percentage of parous females present at this site.

Dispersal of Culex quinquefasciatus from a dairy in southern California.

The dispersal of Culex quinquefasciatus was studied near Norco, California in a periurban situation of southern California. Concurrent studies indicated that host-seeking females were most active up to one hour after sunset. A mark-release-recapture technique was used to document a mean distance traveled of 0.91 km in 12 hr (the first flight period) and a cumulative distance of 1.27 km after 36 hr (following the second flight period). Nearly 0.32% of 47,750 marked females were recaptured. A majority of the population moved with the prevailing wind. Unmarked females were captured at all trapping locations in the study.

Attractancy and species specificity of 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, a mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone.

Four stereoisomers of 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, a mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone, were bioassayed for their activity on mosquitoes. Only (-)-(5R,6S) isomer was active in attractingCulex quinquefasciatus Say females for oviposition at dosages of 0.5 µg/100 ml water and above with the floating-cap method. The activity of this isomer increased 50-fold when it was applied directly to the water surface. The other three isomers, (+)-(5S,6R), (+)-(5R,6R), and (-)-(5s, 6s), were not active. The active isomer was ovipositionally attractive not only toC. quinquefasciatus but also toC. tarsalis Coquillett; however, it was 100 times more active in the former than in the latter species.Aedes aegypti (L.) andAnopheles quadrimaculatus Say were not attracted to the pheromone, thus suggesting that the pheromone is genus-specific.