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1.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys ; 112(4): 901-912, 2022 03 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34808253

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is commonly used for pediatric brain tumors with a propensity for spread in craniospinal fluid, principally medulloblastoma. Evolving technology has led to the use of highly conformal radiation therapy (RT) techniques for CSI, including proton therapy. Target delineation and plan coverage are critical for CSI, but there is ongoing controversy and variability in these realms, with little available data on practice patterns. We sought to characterize proton CSI practice patterns in the United States by examining CSI plans in the Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry (PPCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: PPCR was queried for data on proton CSI patients from 2015 to early 2020. Each plan was manually reviewed, determining patient position; prescription dose; and coverage of optic nerves, vertebral bodies, spinal nerve roots, sacral nerves, and cranial foramina, among other variables. Two radiation oncologists blinded to clinical data and treating institution assessed coverage at the 95% prescription isodose line and per published European Society for Paediatric Oncology guidelines. Variability in coverage was assessed with nonparametric tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: PPCR supplied data for 450 patients, 384 of whom had an evaluable portion of a CSI plan. Most patients (90.3%) were supine. Optic nerves were fully covered in 48.2%; sacral nerves in 87.7%; cranial foramina in 69.3%; and spinal nerves in 95.6%. Vertebral body (VB) sparing was used in 18.6% of skeletally immature cases, increasing over time (P < .001). Coverage in all categories was significantly different among treating institutions, on univariate and multivariate analyses. Cribriform plate deficits were rare, with marginal misses of the foramen ovale (17.4%) and frontal lobe (12%) most common. CONCLUSION: We found consistent variation based on treating institution in proton CSI practices including optic nerve, VB, sacral nerve, cranial, and spinal nerve coverage. These data may serve as a baseline quantification of current proton CSI practices in the United States as they continue to evolve.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares , Radiação Cranioespinal , Meduloblastoma , Terapia com Prótons , Neoplasias Cerebelares/radioterapia , Criança , Radiação Cranioespinal/métodos , Humanos , Meduloblastoma/radioterapia , Terapia com Prótons/métodos , Prótons , Sistema de Registros , Estados Unidos
2.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 68 Suppl 2: e28371, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33818880

RESUMO

The survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved significantly with the use of intensive multimodality treatment regimens including chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue, and radiation therapy when indicated. This report summarizes the treatment strategies, especially radiation therapy in the Children's Oncology Group for children with ALL. Currently, radiation therapy is only indicated for children with high-risk CNS involvement at diagnosis or relapse, testicular relapse and as part of the conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Future research strategies regarding the indications for and dosages of radiation therapy and novel radiation techniques are discussed.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Irradiação Corporal Total/métodos , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida
3.
Br J Radiol ; 93(1107): 20190673, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31600082

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Pediatric Proton/Photon Consortium Registry (PPCR) is a comprehensive data registry composed of pediatric patients treated with radiation. It was established to expedite outcomes-based research. The attributes which allow the PPCR to be a successful collaboration are reviewed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Current eligibility criteria are radiotherapy patients < 22 years treated at one of the 15 US participating institutions. Detailed health and treatment data are collected about the disease presentation and treatment exposures, and annually thereafter, in REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) imaging and radiation plans are collected through MIM/MIMcloud. An optional patient-reported quality-of-life (PedsQL) study is administered at 10 sites. RESULTS: Accrual started October 2012 with 2,775 participants enrolled as of 25 July 2019. Most patients, 62.0%, were treated for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, the most common of which are medulloblastoma (n = 349), ependymoma (n = 309), and glial/astrocytoma tumors (n = 279). The most common non-CNS diagnoses are rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 284), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 153), and neuroblastoma (n = 130). While the majority of participants are US residents, 18.7% come from 36 other countries. Over 685 patients participate in the PedsQL study. CONCLUSIONS: The PPCR is a valuable research platform capable of answering countless research questions that will ultimately improve patient care. Centers outside of the USA are invited to participate directly or may engage with the PPCR to align data collection strategies to facilitate large-scale international research. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: For investigators looking to carry out research in a large pediatric oncology cohort or interested in registry work, this paper provides an updated overview of the PPCR.


Assuntos
Coleta de Dados/normas , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Fótons/uso terapêutico , Terapia com Prótons/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Astrocitoma/radioterapia , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/radioterapia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/radioterapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Computação em Nuvem , Ependimoma/radioterapia , Feminino , Glioma/radioterapia , Humanos , Lactente , Cooperação Internacional , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/radioterapia , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Autorrelato , Adulto Jovem
4.
Neuro Oncol ; 21(7): 934-943, 2019 07 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30997512

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at risk for impaired development in multiple neuropsychological domains. The purpose of this study was to compare neuropsychological outcomes of pediatric brain tumor patients who underwent X-ray radiotherapy (XRT) versus proton radiotherapy (PRT). METHODS: Pediatric patients who underwent either XRT or PRT and received posttreatment age-appropriate neuropsychological evaluation-including measures of intelligence (IQ), attention, memory, visuographic skills, academic skills, and parent-reported adaptive functioning-were identified. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess differences in neuropsychological outcomes and included tests for interaction between treatment cohort and follow-up time. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2017, 125 patients with tumors located in the supratentorial (17.6%), midline (28.8%), or posterior fossa (53.6%) compartments received radiation and had posttreatment neuropsychological evaluation. Median age at treatment was 7.4 years. The PRT patient cohort had higher estimated SES and shorter median time from radiotherapy completion to last neuropsychological evaluation (6.7 vs 2.6 y, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, PRT was associated with higher full-scale IQ (ß = 10.6, P = 0.048) and processing speed (ß = 14.4, P = 0.007) relative to XRT, with trend toward higher verbal IQ (ß = 9.9, P = 0.06) and general adaptive functioning (ß = 11.4, P = 0.07). Planned sensitivity analyses truncating follow-up interval in the XRT cohort re-demonstrated higher verbal IQ (P = 0.01) and IQ (P = 0.04) following PRT, with trend toward improved processing speed (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: PRT is associated with favorable outcomes for intelligence and processing speed. Combined with other strategies for treatment de-intensification, PRT may further reduce neuropsychological morbidity of brain tumor treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Cognição/efeitos da radiação , Radiação Cranioespinal/métodos , Inteligência/efeitos da radiação , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos da radiação , Terapia com Prótons/métodos , Terapia por Raios X/métodos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Prognóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 66(3): e27526, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30426667

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Children with brain tumors can experience symptom burden throughout their disease continuum. The aim of the study was to evaluate symptom burden reported by children with brain tumors and factors that potentially were associated with their symptoms. METHODS: Data from 199 children with brain tumors aged 7-22 (mean age = 14 years; 52% males; 76% white) were analyzed. Symptom burden was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) via computerized adaptive testing (CAT)-anxiety, depression, fatigue, mobility, upper extremity function, peer relationship, and cognition. Patients and parents completed Symptom Distress Scales (SDS). Test statistics and ANOVA were used to evaluate relationships between PROMIS measures and potentially influential variables. RESULTS: Significant results (P < 0.01) showing impact of symptom burden included: PROMIS measures correlated with SDSs reported by patients and parents on all comparisons. Fatigue, mobility, and upper extremity function were associated with Karnofsky functional performance status, number of treatment modalities (0-3), and time since last treatment (≤1 year, >1 year). Fatigue and cognition were associated with educational program (regular classroom without an individualized education plan vs those that had an individualized education plan); mobility and upper extremity function were associated with time since last radiation. Mobility, upper extremity function, and anxiety were associated with time since last chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations were found between PROMIS and SDS as well as clinical and demographic characteristics. Brief-yet-precise PROMIS CATs can be used to systematically assess symptom burden experienced by children with brain tumors.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/psicologia , Depressão/diagnóstico , Fadiga/diagnóstico , Medidas de Resultados Relatados pelo Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Criança , Terapia Combinada , Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Sistemas de Informação , Masculino , Medição da Dor , Prognóstico , Adulto Jovem
6.
Radiother Oncol ; 132: 155-161, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30414759

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To facilitate the initiation of observational studies on late effects of proton therapy in pediatric patients, we report on current patterns of proton therapy use worldwide in patients aged less than 22 years. MATERIALS & METHODS: Fifty-four proton centers treating pediatric patients in 2016 in 11 countries were invited to respond to a survey about the number of patients treated during that year by age group, intent of treatment, delivery technique and tumor types. RESULTS: Among the 40 participating centers (participation rate: 74%), a total of 1,860 patients were treated in 2016 (North America: 1205, Europe: 432, Asia: 223). The numbers of patients per center ranged from 1 to 206 (median: 29). Twenty-four percent of the patients were <5 years of age, and 50% <10 years. More than 30 pediatric tumor types were identified, mainly treated with curative intent: 48% were CNS, 25% extra-cranial sarcomas, 7% neuroblastoma, and 5% hematopoietic tumors. About half of the patients were treated with pencil beam scanning. Treatment patterns were broadly similar across the three continents. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this survey provides the first worldwide assessment of proton therapy use for pediatric cancer management. Since previous estimates in the United States and Europe, CNS tumors remain the cancer types most commonly treated with protons in 2016. However, the proportion of extra-cranial tumors is growing worldwide. The typically low numbers of patients treated in each center indicate the need for international research collaborations to assess long-term outcomes of proton therapy in pediatric patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/radioterapia , Terapia com Prótons/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Pediatria/métodos , Pediatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia com Prótons/métodos , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
7.
Adv Radiat Oncol ; 3(3): 322-330, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30202801

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Randomized evidence for extreme hypofractionation in prostate cancer is lacking. We aimed to identify differences in toxicity and quality-of-life outcomes between standard fractionation and extreme hypofractionated radiation in a phase 3 randomized trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed the results of the first 75 patients in our phase 3 trial, comparing 38 Gy relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) in 5 fractions (n = 46) versus 79.2 Gy RBE in 44 fractions (n = 29). Patients received proton radiation using fiducials and daily image guidance. We evaluated American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUASI), adverse events (AEs), and Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC) domains. The primary endpoint of this interim analysis was the cumulative incidence of grade 2 (G2) or higher AEs. The randomized patient allocation scheme was a 2:1 ratio favoring the 38 Gy RBE arm. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 36 months; 30% of patients reached 48-month follow-up. AUASI scores differed <5 points (4.4 vs 8.6; P = .002) at 1 year, favoring the 79.2 Gy arm. Differences in AUASI were not significant at ≥18 months. EPIC urinary symptoms favored the 79.2 Gy arm at 1 year (92.3 vs 84.5; P = .009) and 18 months (92.3 vs 85.3; P = .03); bother scores were not significant at other time points. Cumulative ≥G2 genitourinary toxicity was similar between the 79.2 Gy and 38 Gy arms (34.5% vs 30.4%; P = .80). We found no differences in the EPIC domains of bowel symptoms, sexual symptoms, or bowel ≥G2 toxicities. Bladder V80 (79.2 Gy arm; P = .04) and V39 (38 Gy arm; P = .05) were predictive for cumulative G2 genitourinary AEs. CONCLUSIONS: Low AE rates were seen in both study arms. Early temporary differences in genitourinary scores disappeared over time. Bladder constraints were associated with genitourinary AEs.

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