A retrospective analysis of the stability and relapse of soft and hard tissue change after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback of 64 Taiwanese patients.

PURPOSE: This study was an analysis of the soft and hard tissue changes of the facial profile after bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy for mandibular setback of Taiwanese patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected pre- and postsurgical lateral cephalographs of 64 patients (28 males, 36 females) with skeletal Class III malocclusion who received combined orthodontic-surgical treatment with bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy mandibular setback at Taipei Veterans General Hospital between 1994 and 2000. Nineteen cephalometric parameters of (14 linear, 4 angular, and the BS index) soft and hard tissues were measured at 1 week before treatment, and 2 months and 1 year after surgery, and analyzed by paired t test. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 20.0 +/- 1.6 years. The patients underwent an average of 7 mm mandibular setback at the osseous pogonion (Pog). Average setbacks at Pog and soft tissue pogonion (pog) were 5.54 mm and 4.85 mm, respectively, at 1 year after surgery. The setback ratio of Pog/pog was 1:0.88. The hard tissue relapse at Pog was 21% at 1 year after surgery. Improvement in prognathic profile was demonstrated by significant changes in the positions of Pog and pog, ANB angle, the distance from lower lip to esthetic line (E-L lip), and the BS index after surgery. However, compared with parameters obtained from a normal Taiwanese population, the cephalometric data of Pog, pog, and BS index still indicated mild prognathism. CONCLUSION: Although mandibular prognathism could be grossly improved by bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy mandibular setback, a significant amount of relapse occurred within 1 year after surgery. The extent of the postoperatively preserved features showing mandibular prognathism should be a concern for both patients and physicians.

Outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan after surgical therapy: factors affecting survival.

PURPOSE: The study goal was to determine which clinical features correlated with 5-year survival in patients surgically treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Taiwan. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The records of 378 OSCC patients surgically treated with or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed retrospectively. Their 5-year survival in relation to age, gender, tumor site, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, staging, differentiation, and risk factors, including betel quid (BQ) chewing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption, was analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were men (male-to-female ratio, 5.87:1) with the mean age of 57.1 +/-11.7 years. Tumors occurred mainly at the buccal mucosa (BM) (100 of 378, 26.5%), gingiva (105 of 378, 27.8%), and tongue (103 of 378, 27.2%). Neck nodal metastasis occurred frequently at the floor of the mouth (in >60% of cases), followed by the gingiva (45.7%), buccal mucosa (34%), and tongue (20.4%), whereas early distant metastasis was rare (5.3%). There were 104 (27.5%) stage 1, 96 (25.4%) stage 2, 98 (25.9%) stage 3, and 80 (21.2%) stage 4 patients. OSCC at the BM and gingiva was most (and at the tongue least) associated with risk factors of BQ use and smoking. The 5-year survival was 75%, 65.6%, 49%, and 30% for patients with stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The size, nodal involvement, distant metastasis, staging, differentiation, and BQ use significantly affected the survival (P <.05, Kaplan-Meier analysis). BQ use also correlated most significantly with the younger age of occurrence of OSCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that early treatment is the key to increasing the survival of OSCC patients. Periodic screening of high-risk populations for OSCC represents an urgent need in Taiwan.

Reconstruction of the severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridge of the maxilla and mandible for implant rehabilitation: report of a case.

We describe a case with a severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridge in both the maxilla and mandible. The maxilla was reconstructed using a sinus-lifting procedure and onlay bone graft. The mandible was reconstructed by anterior osteotomy with an interpositional sandwich iliac bone graft at the symphysis area, subperiosteally with iliac bone chips mixed with hydroxylapatite bilaterally at the posterior atrophic ridge, and vestibuloplasty with a split thickness skin graft (STSG). After full-mouth implant rehabilitation, a 5-year follow-up of this case shows a satisfactory result.

Transpositioned flap vestibuloplasty combined with implant surgery in the severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridge.

The use of transpositioned flap (lipswitch) vestibuloplasty combined with implant surgery in patients with severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridges is reviewed. The cases of 17 patients with severely resorbed atrophic edentulous ridges at the mandible undergoing implant rehabilitation were reviewed. Lipswitch vestibuloplasty was followed immediately by the implant surgery. Postoperative follow-up consisted of clinical and radiographic examinations. Seventeen patients with atrophic ridges (12 class II and 5 class III) each had 2 implant fixtures placed in the mandible as abutments for a clip and bar overdenture. The average time of follow-up was 6 years. Before surgery, all patients had severely atrophic ridges with a compromised shallow vestibule of varying degrees. Satisfactory results were observed in regard to the immediate and long-term morphology of the vestibule, the health of the peri-implant tissue, the stability of implant fixtures, and the functionality of the prostheses. The lipswitch vestibuloplasty offers a safe and convenient method of surgical access for implant fixture installation, with the advantage of rebuilding the vestibule of a compromised atrophic ridge in the anterior mandible.

Rehabilitation of dental implants for the post-irradiated and marginally resected mandible in an oral cancer patient.

We describe a case with severely compromised edentulous ridge in the mandible, which previously received marginal resection and radiotherapy due to oral cancer at the mouth floor. Through careful evaluation, the patient had 30 dives of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) before implant surgery. The edentulous ridge was rehabilitated with 4 endosteal implant fixtures, and palatal mucosa grafting vestibulosulcoplasty. The case had been followed for 4 years with stability of bone and a satisfactory result of rehabilitation.

In vitro growth inhibition by indomethacin on human oral squamous cell carcinoma lines synergistically suppressed by all-trans retinoic acid correlating to apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Indomethacin, an NSAID capable of inhibiting the effect of both cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase, has been reported to repress the growth of breast cancer, skin cancer and head & neck cancer, etc. Inhibition in the some cell lines of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has also been reported. The purpose of this study was primarily to explore the cellular response of human OSCC lines after indomethacin or retinoic acid (RA) treatment and its correlation to apoptosis phenomenon. METHODS: Five human OSCC cell lines--KB, SCC15, SCC25, OEC-M1 and OC2--were used for this in vitro study. By direct cell number counting, the cellular response was observed under incremental indomethacin concentrations of 50 microM, 100 microM, 200 microM and 400 microM, in order to select the most appropriate concentration for further study. Then 200 microM indomethacin and all-trans RA at 1 microM were used in the 2nd experiment to explore the intensity of their inhibitory effects individually and potential synergistic inhibition when exerted together. While in the 3rd part, TdT-mediated-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used for in situ apoptosis assay to see if the apoptosis rate varied with these two agents. RESULTS: All 5 cell lines constantly showed growth suppression with positive dosage effect of indomethacin. Synergistic inhibition by combined treatment of indomethacin and RA was seen in RA responsive lines of SCC15 and SCC25, whereas other RA-resistant clones showed no synergism of this combined treatment. The in situ detection of apoptosis by TUNEL assay revealed a significantly higher ratio of apoptotic cells in the indomethacin/RA treated SCC15 and SCC25 than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides the value of further exploration on the mechanism of how indomethacin inhibiting cancer cell growth and how RA-sensitive OSCC cell lines are synergistically suppressed by conjoint treatment of RA and indomethacin. This study also highlights the value to see how the apoptotic pathway responds differently to the indomethacin/RA treatment.