Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Measles in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, from 1991 to 2022.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles in Jinan, Shandong, China, over a 32-year stage to facilitate measles prevention in the future. Methods: Data on measles cases from 1991 to 2022 were obtained from the public health department and medical records of patients at Shandong Public Health Clinical Center. Retrospective analysis was conducted on the distribution of measles cases in different years, months, and age groups, and observation of the differences in clinical manifestations and complications among different age groups. Results: From January 1991 to December 2022, 7531 measles cases were recorded at Shandong Public Health Clinical Center. During the 32-year period, there were two outbreaks of measles in 2008 and 2016, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic period from 2020 to 2022, the number of cases reached the lowest point in the past 30 years. The number and percentage of cases in the 0-1y groups was significantly higher than in other age groups, and 97.75% patients in this group did not receive measles vaccine. Complications such as pneumonia and myocarditis appeared more frequent in patients under 12 years of age, but liver function damage is more common in adult patients. Conclusion: Although the measles epidemic has been greatly controlled since the use of measles vaccine, intermittent outbreaks still exist, so there is still a long way to go to eliminate measles. The proportion of infants under the age of 1 without measles vaccine and adults over 24 years old accounts for nearly 80% of the total. This group of people should be of concern, and feasible measures should be designated to protect these susceptible populations.

Biodegradable and high-performance multiscale structured nanofiber membrane as mask filter media via poly(lactic acid) electrospinning.

The usage of single-use face masks (SFMs) has increased since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. However, non-degradability and mismanagement of SFMs have raised serious environmental concerns. Moreover, both melt-blown and nanofiber-based mask filters inevitably suffer from poor filtration performance, like a continuous decrease in the removal efficiency for particulate matter (PM) and weak breathability. Herein, we report a new method to create biodegradable and reusable fibrous mask filters. The filter consists of a true nanoscale bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber (an average size of 37 ± 4 nm) that is fabricated via electrospinning of an extremely dilute solution. Furthermore, we designed a multiscale structure with integrated features, such as low basis weight (0.91 g m-2), small pore size (0.73 µm), and high porosity (91.72%), formed by electrospinning deposition of true nanoscale fibers on large pore of 3D scaffold nanofiber membranes. The resultant mask filter exhibited a high filtration efficiency (PM0.3-99.996%) and low pressure drop (104 Pa) superior to the commercial N95 filter. Importantly, this filter has a durable filtering efficiency for PM and natural biodegradability based on PLA. Therefore, this study offers an innovative strategy for the preparation of PLA nanofibers and provides a new design for high-performance nanofiber filters.

Tumor microenvironment characterization in cervical cancer identifies prognostic relevant gene signatures.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to systematically analyze the transcriptional sequencing data of cervical cancer (CC) to find an Tumor microenvironment (TME) prognostic marker to predict the survival of CC patients. METHODS: The expression profiles and clinical follow-up information of CC were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO. The RNA-seq data of TCGA-CESC samples were used for CIBERSORT analysis to evaluate the penetration pattern of TME in 285 patients, and construct TMEscore. Other data sets were used to validate and evaluate TMEscore model. Further, survival analysis of TMEscore related DEGs was done to select prognosis genes. Functional enrichment and PPI networks analysis were performed on prognosis genes. RESULTS: The TMEscore model has relatively good results in TCGA-CESC (HR = 2.47,95% CI = 1.49-4.11), TCGA-CESC HPV infection samples (HR = 2.13,95% CI = 1-4.51), GSE52903 (HR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.06-6.6), GSE44001 (HR = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.99-4.43). Patients with high/low TMEscore have significant difference in prognosis (log-rank test, P = 0.00025), and the main difference between high TMEscore subtypes and low TMEscore subtypes is immune function-related pathways. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival curves found out a list of identified prognosis genes (n = 86) which interestingly show significant enrichment in immune-related functions. Finally, PPI network analysis shows that highly related nodes such as CD3D, CD3E, CD8A, CD27 in the module may become new targets of CC immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: TMEscore may become a new prognostic indicator predicting the survival of CC patients. The prognostic genes (n = 86) may help provide new strategies for tumor immunotherapy.

Effects of the combined administration of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil to improve hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance.

BACKGROUND: To observe the effect of the combined administration of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil to improve hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance. METHODS: This study comprised 90 hepatitis B patients with hepatic fibrosis and interferon (IFN) resistance who were admitted in the hospital's department of infectious disease for diagnosis and treatment between January 2013 and September 2015. They were randomly divided into two groups in accordance with the random number table: the combination treatment group (N.=45) and the entecavir group (N.=45). They were observed for any variations in the indexes of liver function and fibrosis, as well as the Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the levels of the indexes in both groups (the combination treatment group vs. the entecavir group) were as follows: bilirubin (67.5±7.7 vs. 82.4±13.5 µmol/L); International Normalized Ratio (INR) (1.21±0.8 vs. 1.14±0.7); creatinine (147.3±12.4 vs. 287.4±21.6 mg/dL); GGT (67.4±23.2 vs. 88.4±23.7 U/L); and ALT (63.4±40.8 vs. 96.5±23.5 U/L). In comparison of the indexes of hepatic fibrosis between the two groups, we found the following differences: PCIII (67.5±7.7 vs. 82.4±13.5 µg/L); IV-C (61.3±18.7 vs. 74.5±17.9 µg/L); HA (147.3±12.4 vs. 87.4±31.6 µg/L); and LN (88.7±13.2 vs 102.5±23.4 µg/L). The results showed that the differences in comparison of the indexes before and after the treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the MELD score of patients in the combination treatment group was significantly lower than that in the entecavir group (18.7±3.2 vs. 22.5±3.4), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the chronic hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance, the combined administration of entecavir and adefovir dipivoxil can significantly improve liver function, hepatic fibrosis and MELD scores. The results highlight the need to promote the benefits of this drug combination in helping chronic hepatitis B patients with interferon resistance, and to promote its application in clinical practices.

Long non-coding RNA XIST regulates PTEN expression by sponging miR-181a and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

BACKGROUND: Tumor metastasis often occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and influences the patient's prognosis, and microRNAs are reported to play key roles in tumor metastasis. This study was conducted to explore the effect of microRNAs on HCC metastasis. METHODS: The levels of miR-181a in HCC tissues, adjacent tissues, metastatic HCC tissues, and non-metastatic HCC tissues at different stages were determined by qRT-PCR. Effect of miR-181a on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells was estimated by cell counting kits-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing, and Transwell assays. Software analysis and luciferase assays were used to explore the target gene of miR-181a. RESULTS: MiR-181a was up-regulated in HCC tissues and its expression level in metastatic HCC tissues was much higher than in non-metastasis samples. PTEN was found to be a target gene of miR-181a. MiR-181a had multiple binding sites with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST. The regulation of miR-181a on PTEN was mediated by lncRNA XIST. The proliferation and invasion of cells with siXIST were significantly enhanced compared with those of control cells, while knockdown of miR-181a abolished the enhancing effects. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-181a can promote HCC metastasis by targeting PTEN, which is regulated by lncRNA XIST.