On the Conformation of Dimeric Acceptors and Their Polymer Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18 .

The determination of molecular conformations of oligomeric acceptors (OAs) and their impact on molecular packing are crucial for understanding the photovoltaic performance of their resulting polymer solar cells (PSCs) but have not been well studied yet. Herein, we synthesized two dimeric acceptor materials, DIBP3F-Se and DIBP3F-S, which bridged two segments of Y6-derivatives by selenophene and thiophene, respectively. Theoretical simulation and experimental 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies prove that both dimers exhibit O-shaped conformations other than S- or U-shaped counter-ones. Notably, this O-shaped conformation is likely governed by a distinctive "conformational lock" mechanism, arising from the intensified intramolecular π-π interactions among their two terminal groups within the dimers. PSCs based on DIBP3F-Se deliver a maximum efficiency of 18.09 %, outperforming DIBP3F-S-based cells (16.11 %) and ranking among the highest efficiencies for OA-based PSCs. This work demonstrates a facile method to obtain OA conformations and highlights the potential of dimeric acceptors for high-performance PSCs.

A wearable electronic based on flexible pressure sensor for running motion monitoring.

The flexible pressure sensor is expected to be applied in the new generation of sports wearable electronic devices. Developing flexible pressure sensors with a wide linear range and great sensitivity, however, remains a significant barrier. In this work, we propose a hybrid conductive elastomeric film oxide-based material with a concave-shape micro-patterned array (P-HCF) on the surface that sustainably shows the necessary sensing qualities. To enhance sensing range and sensitivity, one-dimensional carbon fibers and two-dimensional MXene are incorporated into the polydimethylsiloxane matrix to form a three-dimensional conductive network. Micro-patterns with a curved shape in P-HCFs can be able to linear sensitivity across the sensing range by controlling the pressure distribution inside the material. Besides, the sensitivity of P-HCF pressure sensor can reach 31.92 kPa-1, and meanwhile, the linear band of P-HCF pressure sensor can arrive at 24 Pa-720 kPa, which makes it a good choice for sports monitoring. The designed pressure sensor can be used to monitor the foot pressure during running. By analyzing the gait information during running, it can provide data support and strategy improvement for running. This new dual working mode pressure P-HCF sensor will provide a new way for the development of intelligent sports.

One-stone-for-two-birds strategy to attain beyond 25% perovskite solar cells.

Even though the perovskite solar cell has been so popular for its skyrocketing power conversion efficiency, its further development is still roadblocked by its overall performance, in particular long-term stability, large-area fabrication and stable module efficiency. In essence, the soft component and ionic-electronic nature of metal halide perovskites usually chaperonage large number of anion vacancy defects that act as recombination centers to decrease both the photovoltaic efficiency and operational stability. Herein, we report a one-stone-for-two-birds strategy in which both anion-fixation and associated undercoordinated-Pb passivation are in situ achieved during crystallization by using a single amidino-based ligand, namely 3-amidinopyridine, for metal-halide perovskite to overcome above challenges. The resultant devices attain a power conversion efficiency as high as 25.3% (certified at 24.8%) with substantially improved stability. Moreover, the device without encapsulation retained 92% of its initial efficiency after 5000 h exposure in ambient and the device with encapsulation retained 95% of its initial efficiency after >500 h working at the maximum power point under continuous light irradiation in ambient. It is expected this one-stone-for-two-birds strategy will benefit large-area fabrication that desires for simplicity.

Ionic Liquid Treatment for Highest-Efficiency Ambient Printed Stable All-Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells.

All-inorganic cesium lead triiodide (CsPbI3 ) perovskite is well known for its unparalleled stability at high temperatures up to 500 °C and under oxidative chemical stresses. However, upscaling solar cells via ambient printing suffers from imperfect crystal quality and defects caused by uncontrollable crystallization. Here, the incorporation of a low concentration of novel ionic liquid is reported as being promising for managing defects in CsPbI3 films, interfacial energy alignment, and device stability of solar cells fabricated via ambient blade-coating. Both theoretical simulations and experimental measurements reveal that the ionic liquid successfully regulates the perovskite thin-film growth to decrease perovskite grain boundaries, strongly coordinates with the undercoordinated Pb2+ to passivate iodide vacancy defects, aligns the interface to decrease the energy barrier at the electron-transporting layer, and relaxes the lattice strain to promote phase stability. Consequently, ambient printed CsPbI3 solar cells with power conversion efficiency as high as 20.01% under 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm-2 ) and 37.24% under indoor light illumination (1000 lux, 365 µW cm-2 ) are achieved; both are the highest for printed all-inorganic cells for corresponding applications. Furthermore, the bare cells show an impressive long-term ambient stability with only ≈5% PCE degradation after 1000 h aging under ambient conditions.

Co-Transformation of Digital Health and eSport in Metaverse: Moderating Effects of Digital Personality on Mental Health in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA).

Mental health issues (e.g., social exclusion, depression, anxiety, and burnout) became highly prevalent in the global eSport industry. Likewise, the eSport trend in China also dramatically increased, while the attitudes and behaviours of the players also impacted their intentions to utilize video gaming. As China became the epicentre of the online video gaming industry, especially MOBA, it primarily influenced young athletes to adopt video gaming strategies for training purposes. Still, preventive measures are needed for video gaming addictions by athletes to improve their overall eSport performance. To conduct this study, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 400 athletes aged 18-27 years; the response rate was adequate after screening, out of which 345 were finalized for the data analysis. The results indicate that metaverse-based digital healthcare significantly impacts eSport performance. Moreover, mental health significantly mediated the relationship between metaverse-based digital health and eSport performance. In addition, the digital personality also significantly moderated the relationship between metaverse-based digital healthcare and eSport performance. This research holds tremendous significance both from theoretical and practical perspectives. The study adds valuable insights to the growing body of literature regarding eSport gaming and mental health. The beneficial and constructive intuitions regarding eSport from a psychological perspective can be gained from this study, along with its pros and cons on the mental health of young Chinese athletes.

Effective Phase-Alignment for 2D Halide Perovskites Incorporating Symmetric Diammonium Ion for Photovoltaics.

New structural type of 2D AA'n -1 Mn X3 n +1 type halide perovskites stabilized by symmetric diammonium cations has attracted research attention recently due to the short interlayer distance and better charge-transport for high-performance solar cells (PSCs). However, the distribution control of quantum wells (QWs) and its influence on optoelectronic properties are largely underexplored. Here effective phase-alignment is reported through dynamical control of film formation to improve charge transfer between quantum wells (QWs) for 2D perovskite (BDA)(MA)n -1 Pbn I3 n +1 (BDA = 1,4-butanediamine, 〈n〉 = 4) film. The in situ optical spectra reveal a significantly prolonged crystallization window during the perovskite deposition via additive strategy. It is found that finer thickness gradient by n values in the direction orthogonal to the substrate leads to more efficient charge transport between QWs and suppressed charge recombination in the additive-treated film. As a result, a power conversion efficiency of 14.4% is achieved, which is not only 21% higher than the control one without additive treatment, but also one of the high efficiencies of the low-n (n ≤ 4) AA'n -1 Mn X3 n +1 PSCs. Furthermore, the bare device retains 92% of its initial PCE without any encapsulation after ambient exposure for 1200 h.

Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco-Friendly Printing.

Eco-friendly printing is important for mass manufacturing of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices to preserve human safety and the environment and to reduce energy consumption and capital expense. However, it is challenging for perovskite PVs due to the lack of eco-friendly solvents for ambient fast printing. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time an eco-friendly printing concept for high-performance perovskite solar cells. Both the perovskite and charge transport layers were fabricated from eco-friendly solvents via scalable fast blade coating under ambient conditions. The perovskite dynamic crystallization during blade coating investigated using in situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals a long sol-gel window prior to phase transformation and a strong interaction between the precursors and the eco-friendly solvents. The insights enable the achievement of high quality coatings for both the perovskite and charge transport layers by controlling film formation during scalable coating. The excellent optoelectronic properties of these coatings translate to a power conversion efficiency of 18.26% for eco-friendly printed solar cells, which is on par with the conventional devices fabricated via spin coating from toxic solvents under inert atmosphere. The eco-friendly printing paradigm presented in this work paves the way for future green and high-throughput fabrication on an industrial scale for perovskite PVs.

Structural elucidation of a branch-on-branch ß-glucan from Hericium erinaceus with A HPAEC-PAD-MS system.

A water-soluble ß-glucan from fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus was obtained after water extraction, purification and fractionation. Analyses of monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and linkage mode demonstrated that it is a ß-glucan with 1→3 and 1→6 linkage modes and a molecular weight of 13.3 kDa. An endo-1,6-ß-d-glucanase was used to digest the ß-glucan and the digested products over time were analyzed with a HPAEC-PAD-MS platform. The linkage mode of each glycosidic bond in the digested oligosaccharides were confirmed with MS/MS. At the end of digestion, enzyme resistant oligosaccharides were observed as several 1→6 linked glucoses with one or two 1→3 linked glucose residues. All these domains are more like constructional pieces from a branch-on-branch glucan, in which multiple 1→6 linked glucan chains are hooked through one or two 1→3 linked glucose residues. Averagely, there is a 1→3 linkage per six 1→6 linked glucoses in this branch-on-branch ß-glucan.

Printable CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with PCE of 19% via an Additive Strategy.

All-inorganic CsPbI3 holds promise for efficient tandem solar cells, but reported fabrication techniques are not transferrable to scalable manufacturing methods. Herein, printable CsPbI3 solar cells are reported, in which the charge transporting layers and photoactive layer are deposited by fast blade-coating at a low temperature (≤100 °C) in ambient conditions. High-quality CsPbI3 films are grown via introducing a low concentration of the multifunctional molecular additive Zn(C6 F5 )2 , which reconciles the conflict between air-flow-assisted fast drying and low-quality film including energy misalignment and trap formation. Material analysis reveals a preferential accumulation of the additive close to the perovskite/SnO2 interface and strong chemisorption on the perovskite surface, which leads to the formation of energy gradients and suppressed trap formation within the perovskite film, as well as a 150 meV improvement of the energetic alignment at the perovskite/SnO2 interface. The combined benefits translate into significant enhancement of the power conversion efficiency to 19% for printable solar cells. The devices without encapsulation degrade only by ≈2% after 700 h in air conditions.

Equal participation of persons with disabilities in the development of disability policy on accessibility in China.

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) of 2006 has been in effect in China for a decade since 31 August 2008. This treaty impacts the rights of persons with disabilities in China in different ways, especially with regard to the public understanding of disability and accessibility for social inclusion. This article scrutinizes two major and interrelated areas: accessible testing to promote the rights of persons with disabilities to inclusive higher education and the contribution of persons with disabilities and their representative organizations in pertinent policy development. It introduces the evolvement of polices on testing accommodations for the national college entrance examination (Gaokao). It also indicates the gap between policy and service provision for accessible testing in Gaokao and the individual needs of persons with disabilities in taking the test. It further emphasizes the strategic and collaborative advocacy of organizations of persons with disabilities (DPOs) to address the challenges for the improvement of disability policy and practice.

Fiber fault location utilizing traffic signal in optical network.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a method for fault location in optical communication network. This method utilizes the traffic signal transmitted across the network as probe signal, and then locates the fault by correlation technique. Compared with conventional techniques, our method has a simple structure and low operation expenditure, because no additional device is used, such as light source, modulator and signal generator. The correlation detection in this method overcomes the tradeoff between spatial resolution and measurement range in pulse ranging technique. Moreover, signal extraction process can improve the location result considerably. Experimental results show that we achieve a spatial resolution of 8 cm and detection range of over 23 km with -8-dBm mean launched power in optical network based on synchronous digital hierarchy protocols.