Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and coronary heart disease among US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a dietary antioxidant score that plays a protective role in many diseases, including depression, osteoporosis, papillomavirus infection, etc. However, the association between CDAI and coronary heart disease (CHD) is currently unclear. We aim to explore the correlations between CDAI and the risk of CHD. METHODS: Eligible participants were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. All participants in this cross-sectional study are required to undergo two separate 24-h dietary recall interviews. Average daily intakes of dietary antioxidants were used to calculate CDAI. CHD status was determined through a questionnaire. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between CDAI and CHD. Moreover, we also used restricted cubic spline to explore Non-linear correlations. Sensitivity analysis using unweighted logistic analysis and subgroup analysis were used to demonstrate the stability of the results. RESULTS: A total of 34,699 participants were eligible for analysis.Compared to the participants without CHD, the participants with CHD showed lower levels of CDAI. After adjusting confounding factors in the multivariate weighted logistic regression model, CDAI was inversely associated with CHD (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.65 (0.51-0.82, P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline showed that there was a negative non-linear correlation (L-shaped) between CDAI and CHD, suggesting a potential saturation effect at higher CDAI levels, with the inflection point of 0.16. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. No significant statistically interaction was showed in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: There was a negative non-linear correlation between CDAI and CHD in US adults. However, further prospective studies are still needed to reveal their relationship.

Neohesperidin Protects Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Remodeling.

Vascular remodeling due to hypertension is one of the major health challenges facing countries around the world. Neohesperidin, a flavonoid glycoside found in citrus fruits, is an antioxidant. Neohesperidin has been studied for a variety of diseases in addition to hypertension. In this study, angiotensin II was used to induce hypertension in mice (490 ng/kg/min, 14 days). We used H&E, Masson, immunofluorescence, dihydroethidine and qPCR to evaluate the effect of Nehesperidin (50 mg/kg/day, 16 days) on pathological hypertension in mice. Estimating the effect of Nehesperidin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by angiotensin II. We found that neohesperidin inhibited angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Neohesperidin reduced angiotensin II-induced vascular hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo. Neohesperidin inhibited angiotensin II-induced ROS and DNA damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Neohesperidin inhibited angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. The results showed that Nehesperidin acts as an antioxidant and could significantly inhibit angiotensin II induced hypertension and vascular remodeling in vitro and in vivo.

NLRP3 and downstream cytokine expression elevated in the monocytes of patients with coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated signaling pathways have recently been elucidated to bridge the innate immune system and atherosclerosis. NLRP3 is among the family members of NOD-like receptors (NLRs), a type of PRRs. At present, most studies about the NLRP3 inflammasome focus on animal models and immune cells. Limited information is available regarding the role of NLRP3 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, we observed the expression of NLRP3 and downstream cytokines in patients with CAD by ELISA, real-time qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: We found that NLRP3 and downstream cytokines were coupled with increasing severity of CAD and a dynamic variation exists in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We also found that NLRP3 was correlated with Gensini score, indicating that NLRP3 might be relevant not only for the severity of CAD but also for the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a new theoretical basis for innate immune participation in atherosclerosis development and highlights the potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for prevention and treatment of CAD.

Small duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting with acute bleeding misdiagnosed as hemobilia: Two case reports.

Only 3-5% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are located in the duodenum. They are associated with an increased risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a primary manifestation. A small GIST (less than 2 cm in size) is easily confused with a duodenal papilla. In the 2 cases presented in this study, endoscopic examination alone resulted in a misdiagnoses of hemobilia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of this type in the literature. Patient 1 is a 66-year-old male who was admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University with syncope. Emergent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identified bleeding from what appeared to be a duodenal papilla, and the patient was diagnosed with hemobilia. However, the angiography did not support this result. To save the patient's life, an exploratory laparotomy was conducted. We identified a small tumor in the descending part of the duodenum and a wedge resection was successfully conducted. The final diagnosis was duodenal GIST with no further risk to the patient. Patient 2 is a 71-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital diagnosed with hemobilia. The patient underwent a barium swallow examination and a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, in which a tumor on the descending part of the duodenum was identified. Patient 2 also underwent a wedge resection. The final diagnosis was duodenal GIST with no further risk to the patient. Gastroscopy may be a useful procedure for duodenal GIST diagnosis; however, the endoscopic findings may be confused with hemobilia when the tumor diameter is less than 2 cm in size and heavily accompanied with blood clots. A barium swallow examination and contrast-enhanced CT may prevent a misdiagnosis of hemobilia.