Cocaine-related ischemic priapism. Systematic review and presentation of a single center series.

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic priapism is a medical emergency that, if not treated, could lead to permanent erectile dysfunction. The association between cocaine and priapism is well-known; however, data on patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes is missing. This work aimed to answer the research question: What are the characteristics, management strategies, and erectile prognosis of patients consuming cocaine and presenting with priapism? METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines and described our case series. RESULTS: Eight studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, presenting information on ten patients. In our case series, we showed information regarding four patients. From the systematic review, the mean presentation time was 42.6 h, and the mean number of procedures to solve priapism was 2,4; in our case series was 42.75 h and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cocaine-related priapism might present with a delayed diagnosis, need more procedures to be managed, and have a worse prognosis. More extensive and prospective studies are required.

Estudio retrospectivo de diferentes opciones de tratamiento conservador con Bacilo de Calmette-Guèrin en el carcinoma urotelial vesical T1G3: terapia de mantenimiento / Retrospective study of various conservative treatment options with bacille Calmette-Guérin in bladder urothelial carcinoma T1G3: Maintenance therapy

Objetivo: Comparar diferentes opciones de tratamiento conservador del tumor vesical no músculo-invasivo (TVNMI) T1 de grado alto. El bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) es el tratamiento intravesical preferido para los tumores T1 de grado alto; sin embargo, algunos expertos aún cuestionan la necesidad de la BCG de mantenimiento. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos de 1.039 pacientes con TVNMI T1G3 primario y recurrente. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados mediante una resección transuretral del tumor vesical (RTUTV) completa, con músculo en la muestra y múltiples biopsias de la vejiga. Los pacientes fueron tratados con solo una RTUTV inicial (n = 108), re-RTUTV (n = 153), inducción con 27 mg de BCG (cepa Connaught) (n = 87), inducción con 81 mg de BCG (n = 489) o inducción con 81 mg de BCG + mantenimiento (n = 202). El tiempo hasta la primera recidiva, progresión (a T2 o mayor, o a enfermedad metastásica) y mortalidad específica de la enfermedad se evaluaron mediante la función de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier y se compararon utilizando la prueba de logaritmo del rango (log-rank) y el modelo multivariado de regresión de Cox de riesgos proporcionales. Resultados: El seguimiento medio fue de 62 ± 39 meses. El riesgo de recurrencia fue significativamente menor en los pacientes tratados con terapia de mantenimiento con 81 mg de BCG que en los otros grupos de tratamiento (p < 0,001). El riesgo de progresión del tumor también fue significativamente más bajo en los pacientes tratados con mantenimiento con BCG que en los pacientes tratados solo con una RTUTV, re-RTUTV y con terapia de inducción con 27 mg de BCG (p = 0,0003). La mortalidad específica de la enfermedad fue significativamente más baja con el mantenimiento con BCG (9,4%) que con solo una RTUTV (27,8%; p = 0,003). Conclusiones: En el caso del TVNMI T1G3, la dosis completa de BCG con mantenimiento va asociada a mejores resultados de recurrencia que otras modalidades de tratamiento conservador. Los resultados de progresión y de supervivencia específica de la enfermedad también fueron mejores con la BCG de inducción, con o sin mantenimiento

Objective: To compare various conservative treatment options for high-grade T1 nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the preferred intravesical treatment for high-grade T1 tumours; however, a number of experts still question the need for maintenance BCG. Material and methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 1039 patients with primary and recurrent T1G3 NMIBC. All patients underwent complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT), with muscle in the sample and multiple bladder biopsies. The patients were treated with the following: only one initial TURBT (n = 108), re-TURBT (n = 153), induction with 27 mg of BCG (Connaught strain) (n = 87), induction with 81 mg of BCG (n = 489) or induction with 81 mg of BCG + maintenance (n = 202). The time to first recurrence, progression (to T2 or greater or to metastatic disease) and specific mortality of the disease was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival function and were compared using the log-rank test and the Cox multivariate regression model of proportional risks. Results: The mean follow-up was 62 ± 39 months. The risk of recurrence was significantly lower for the patients treated with maintenance therapy of 81 mg of BCG than in the other treatment groups (P<.001). The risk of tumour progression was also significantly lower for the patients treated with maintenance BCG than for the patients treated only with one TURBT, re-TURBT and with induction therapy with 27 mg of BCG (P=.0003). The specific disease mortality was significantly lower with BCG maintenance (9.4%) than with only one TURBT (27.8%; P=.003). Conclusions: In the case of T1G3 NMIBC, a complete dose of BCG with maintenance is associated with better recurrence results than are other conservative treatment modalities. The results of progression and survival specific to the disease were also better with induction BCG, with or without maintenance

Retrospective study of various conservative treatment options with bacille Calmette-Guérin in bladder urothelial carcinoma T1G3: Maintenance therapy. / Estudio retrospectivo de diferentes opciones de tratamiento conservador con Bacilo de Calmette-Guèrin en el carcinoma urotelial vesical T1G3: terapia de mantenimiento.

OBJECTIVE: To compare various conservative treatment options for high-grade T1 nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the preferred intravesical treatment for high-grade T1 tumours; however, a number of experts still question the need for maintenance BCG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 1039 patients with primary and recurrent T1G3 NMIBC. All patients underwent complete transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT), with muscle in the sample and multiple bladder biopsies. The patients were treated with the following: only one initial TURBT (n=108), re-TURBT (n=153), induction with 27mg of BCG (Connaught strain) (n=87), induction with 81mg of BCG (n=489) or induction with 81mg of BCG+maintenance (n=202). The time to first recurrence, progression (to T2 or greater or to metastatic disease) and specific mortality of the disease was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival function and were compared using the log-rank test and the Cox multivariate regression model of proportional risks. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 62±39 months. The risk of recurrence was significantly lower for the patients treated with maintenance therapy of 81mg of BCG than in the other treatment groups (P<.001). The risk of tumour progression was also significantly lower for the patients treated with maintenance BCG than for the patients treated only with one TURBT, re-TURBT and with induction therapy with 27mg of BCG (P=.0003). The specific disease mortality was significantly lower with BCG maintenance (9.4%) than with only one TURBT (27.8%; P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: In the case of T1G3 NMIBC, a complete dose of BCG with maintenance is associated with better recurrence results than are other conservative treatment modalities. The results of progression and survival specific to the disease were also better with induction BCG, with or without maintenance.

Programa de monitorización de la vigilancia activa en cáncer de próstata en España de la Sociedad Española de Urología; resultados preliminares / Preliminary results of the Spanish Association of Urology National Registry in Active Surveillance for prostate cancer

Objetivos: Presentar un registro nacional de pacientes con cáncer de próstata seguidos mediante vigilancia activa, con la intención de testar la hipótesis de que la mortalidad cáncer específica en pacientes de muy bajo riesgo y riesgo bajo es menor del 5% a 15 años. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico observacional (AEU-PIEM/2014/0001) promovido por la Asociación Española de Urología mediante su plataforma para estudios multicéntricos, en donde los criterios de inclusión clínico-patológicos son: cT1a-cT3a, PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml, biopsia (Bx) inicial mínima de 10 cilindros, número de cilindros afectos ≤ 3, Gleason 1.° = 3 y Gleason 2.° ≤ 4, y volumen prostático conocido (en cc). No se establece un seguimiento unificado para todos los centros reclutadores, y sí una encuesta en la que se reflejen las características del seguimiento en función de unos parámetros tangibles que permitan su comparabilidad. Con la misma filosofía de flexibilidad no se considera obligada la utilización de determinados biomarcadores o de RMN mutiparamétrica para su inclusión. Resultados: Se presentan las características y posibilidades del registro a modo descriptivo y los resultados preliminares de 324 pacientes incluidos en sus primeros 5 meses de funcionamiento por 15 centros reclutadores. De la misma forma se describen las variables clínico-patológicas, biomarcadores, técnicas de radiodiagnóstico y cuestionarios de calidad de vida contemplados por la base de datos, así como las posibilidades de seguimiento indefinido y abierto a cualquier tratamiento activo reconocido en guías clínicas. Conclusiones: La AEU-PIEM/2014/0001 constituye una herramienta extremadamente útil a todos los urólogos españoles para la investigación clínica multicéntrica, y sin duda permitirá la difusión de la vigilancia activa entre nuestros pacientes de una forma más coordinada, permitiendo mantener las ventajas del screeningoportunista optimizado en cáncer de próstata sin incurrir en el sobretratamiento

Objectives: To present a National Registry of patients with prostate cancer as monitored through active surveillance, with the intention of testing the hypothesis that cancer-specific mortality in very low-risk and low-risk patients is less than 5% at 15 years. Material and methods: A multicentre observational study (AEU-PIEM/2014/0001) sponsored by the Spanish Association of Urology was conducted using their platform for multicentre studies. The clinical-pathological inclusion criteria were as follows: cT1a-cT3a, PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml, initial minimum biopsy of 10 cores, number of affected cores ≤ 3, 1st Gleason score of 3 and 2nd Gleason score ≤ 4 and a known prostate volume (in cc). A unified follow-up was not established for all recruiting centres; however, a survey was conducted that reflects the follow-up characteristics based on a number of tangible parameters that allow for their comparison. With the same philosophy of flexibility, the use of certain biomarkers and multiparametric MRI was not considered necessary for inclusion. Results: We describe the Registry's characteristics and possibilities, as well as the preliminary results from the 324 patients included in its first 5 months of operation in the 15 recruiting centres. We also report the clinical-pathological variables, biomarkers, radiodiagnosis technique and quality-of-life questionnaires considered for the database, as well as the possibilities for indefinite follow-up, remaining open to any active treatment recognized in clinical guidelines. Conclusions: The AEU-PIEM/2014/0001 represents an extremely useful tool for all Spanish urologists for multicentre clinical research. The registry will undoubtedly enable the dissemination of active surveillance of our patients in a more coordinated manner, thus maintaining the advantages of optimised opportunistic screening for prostate cancer without resulting in overtreatment

Preliminary results of the Spanish Association of Urology National Registry in Active Surveillance for prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVES: To present a National Registry of patients with prostate cancer as monitored through active surveillance, with the intention of testing the hypothesis that cancer-specific mortality in very low-risk and low-risk patients is less than 5% at 15 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicentre observational study (AEU-PIEM/2014/0001) sponsored by the Spanish Association of Urology was conducted using their platform for multicentre studies. The clinical-pathological inclusion criteria were as follows: cT1a-cT3a, PSA ≤ 20 ng/ml, initial minimum biopsy of 10 cores, number of affected cores ≤ 3, 1st Gleason score of 3 and 2nd Gleason score ≤ 4 and a known prostate volume (in cc). A unified follow-up was not established for all recruiting centres; however, a survey was conducted that reflects the follow-up characteristics based on a number of tangible parameters that allow for their comparison. With the same philosophy of flexibility, the use of certain biomarkers and multiparametric MRI was not considered necessary for inclusion. RESULTS: We describe the Registry's characteristics and possibilities, as well as the preliminary results from the 324 patients included in its first 5 months of operation in the 15 recruiting centres. We also report the clinical-pathological variables, biomarkers, radiodiagnosis technique and quality-of-life questionnaires considered for the database, as well as the possibilities for indefinite follow-up, remaining open to any active treatment recognized in clinical guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: The AEU-PIEM/2014/0001 represents an extremely useful tool for all Spanish urologists for multicentre clinical research. The registry will undoubtedly enable the dissemination of active surveillance of our patients in a more coordinated manner, thus maintaining the advantages of optimised opportunistic screening for prostate cancer without resulting in overtreatment.

The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride plus tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic BPH: 4-year post hoc analysis of European men in the CombAT study.

CombAT (Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin) was a randomised, double-blind study in men (n=4844) aged ≥ 50 years with a clinical diagnosis of BPH. Patients were randomised to daily tamsulosin 0.4 mg, dutasteride 0.5 mg or both for 4 years. The primary endpoint was time to acute urinary retention (AUR) or BPH-related surgery. Secondary endpoints included BPH clinical progression, symptoms and maximum urinary flow rate. A post hoc analysis of data from the European subgroup was conducted. A total of 2925 men were randomised to treatment in Europe as part of CombAT (tamsulosin, n=972; dutasteride, n=970; combination, n=983). Combination therapy significantly reduced the relative risk of AUR or BPH-related surgery compared with either monotherapy at 4 years, and also significantly reduced the risk of BPH clinical progression. Combination therapy also provided significantly greater symptom improvement than either monotherapy at 4 years. Safety and tolerability of dutasteride plus tamsulosin was consistent with previous experience of this combination and with the monotherapies. These data provide further evidence to support the use of long-term combination therapy (dutasteride plus tamsulosin) in men with moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms because of BPH and prostatic enlargement. The results in the European subgroup are generally consistent with those in the overall study population.

Divertículo de uretra habitado por litiasis / Diverticulum of the urethra occupied by lithiasis

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